高考英语3500单词详解(A开头)解析

高考英语3500单词详解（A开头）a[E,ei],

an[En,An]

art.

1.一(个，件，…)：He

has

a

car.

他有一辆小汽车。/

He

is

an

old

man.

他是位老人。/

He

bought

a

dozen

pencils.

他买了一打铅笔。2.任何…都：A

bird

has

wings.

鸟有翅膀。/

A

square

has

four

sides.

正方形有四条边。3.每(一)：We

meet

twice

a

week.

我们每星期见两次面。4.某，某一个：In

a

sense

you

are

right.

在某种意义上你是对的。/

A

Mr

Smith

wants

to

see

you.

一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。【注意】1.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加：Do

you

want

to

read

it

a

third

time?

你还想看第三次吗?2.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，即表示某一类属中的每一个都能反映该类属的整体情况，此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示：A

tiger

[The

tiger,Tigers]

can

be

dangerous.

老虎是危险的。注意：不定冠词的这一用法是指某一类中任何一个具有代表性的个体，它不能用来表示整体类别的特性，如下例中的the不能换成a：The

tiger

is

in

danger

of

becoming

extinct.

老虎有绝种的危险。abandon[E5bAndEn]

vt.

1.抛弃，放弃，戒除：The

enemy

abandoned

they

city

and

the

fled.

敌军弃城逃跑。2.离弃，背弃：The

cruel

man

abandoned

his

wife

and

child.

那个狠心的男人遗弃了妻儿。3.纵情，恣意：He

abandoned

himself

to

grief.

他极度悲伤。ability[E5biliti]

n.

1.[U]能力：She

has

the

ability

to

speak

English

fluently.

她能够流利地说英语。2.[U,C]才能，才智：a

man

of

ability

(many

abilities)

有才能(多才能)的人【说明】1.

表示某人做某事的能力，其后通常接不定式，即说

the

ability

to

do

sth。2.

表示抽象意义的“能力”时，不可数；侧重指天资或才能方面的能力时，可数或不可数均可能，有时可用复数形式：Everyone

admired

his

abilities.

大家都敬佩他的才能。able[5eibl]

adj.

有能力的，能够，能干的：He

is

an

able

teacher.

他是位有能力的老师。/

He

was

able

to

solve

the

problem

quickly.

他很快把问题解决了。【说明】able

的比较级和最高级通常是

abler

和

ablest，也可以是

more

able,

better

able

和

most

able，但不如前者常见。【辨析】be

able

to

与

can的区别，见

can。abnormal[Ab5nR:ml]adj.

反常的，不正常的，变态的：abnormal

behavior

反常的行为

/

This

warm

weather

is

abnormal

for

February.

在2月里，如此温暖的天气不正常。aboard[E5bR:d]

adv.&

prep.上船(飞机、车)，在船(飞机、车)上：Welcome

aboard

this

flight

to

London.

欢迎搭乘本班开往伦敦的飞机。/

He

has

gone

aboard

(the

plane).

他上了飞机。abolish[E5bRliF]

vt.终止，废除：When

was

capital

punishment

abolished

here?

这里在什么时候废除了死刑?

/

Bad

customs

should

be

abolished.

坏的风俗应当废除。abortion[E5bR:FEn]

n.[C,U]流产，堕胎：She

had

an

abortion.

她做了人工流产。/

It

will

cause

[produce]

abortion.

这将引起流产。about[E5baut]

prep.

1.在…各处，到处：He

traveled

about

the

world.

他周游了全世界。2.在…附近(周围)：He

looked

about

him

now

and

then.

他不时地环顾四周。3.关于，涉及：He

talked

about

his

family.

他谈到了他的家人。4.在…身上(边)：Do

you

have

a

lighter

about

you?

你身上带有打火机吗？5.大约(在)：About

this

time

an

incident

happened.

差不多就在这个时候，发生了一件事。6.从事于：What

are

youabout?

你在干什么？■1.How

[What]

about…

…怎么样：How

about

having

a

cup

of

tea?

喝杯茶怎么样?

/

What

about

that

matter

the

other

day?

早几天的那件事怎么样了?

2.

be

about

to

do

sth

即将要做某事(不与具体的时间状语连用)：They

are

about

to

start.

他们就要动身了。【辨析】about

与

on(关于)：about

指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事；on

则指比较系统地或理论性较强地论述某事。比较：He

wrote

on

mathematics.

他撰写数学著作。/

He

wrote

about

the

school.

他报道有关这所学校的情况。【比较】know

sb=认识某人，know

of

sb=知道有某人，know

about

sb=知道有关某人的情况；hear

sb=听到某人(讲话)，hear

of

sb=听说过某人=hear

about

sb

听到关于某人的情况above[E5bQv]

prep.

1.高于，高出，在…上方：I

saw

the

moon

above

the

roof.

我看见月亮在屋顶上。/

We

were

flying

above

the

clouds.

我们在云层上面飞行。2.在…上游，在…前面：The

water

is

smoother

above

the

dam.

水坝上游的水更平静些。3.

超过，胜过：Health

is

above

wealth.

健康胜过财富。/

The

temperature

has

been

above

the

average

recently.

近来的气温一直比平均温度高。4.不屑于，不至于，不会：He

is

above

doing

such

things.

他不至于做出这样的事来。adv.在上面，在前面：the

plan

mentioned

above

上述计划

/

See

above,

page

88.

见前文，第88页。adj.上面的：the

above

statement如上所述(=

the

statement

above)【辨析】above与over(高于)：over

主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而above

则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用，不表示正上方时要用

above)。2.若含有动态或覆盖的意味，通常用

over，而不用

above：He

flew

over

to

France.

他飞到了法国。/

Cover

her

over

witha

sheet.

用床单把她盖起来。abroad[E5brC:d]

adv.

到(在)国外：He

just

came

back

from

abroad.

他刚从国外回来。/

He

has

been

abroad

many

times.

他多次出国。abrupt[E5brQpt]

adj.

1.突然的，意外的：The

train

came

to

an

abrupt

stop.

火车突然地停了下来。2.(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的：He

has

an

abrupt

manner.

他举止粗鲁。absence[5AbsEns]

n.[C,U]不在，缺席：Her

absence

was

noticed

by

the

teacher.

老师注意到了她缺席。/

In

the

absence

of

the

manager

I

shall

be

in

charge.

经理不在的时候，由我负责。【说明】通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词：after

an

absence

of

three

months

在离开3个月后absent[5Absent]

adj.

缺席，不在：Nobody

is

absent

today.

今天没人缺席。vt.不在，不参与：He

absented

himself

from

class.

他上课缺席。【说明】1.后接缺席者所缺席的场所时，用介词

from，但若不是表示缺席者所缺席的场所，则不用介词

from。比较：He’s

absent

fromEurope.

他不在欧洲。/

He’s

absent

in

Europe.

他外出了，现在欧洲。2.用作动词，是及物动词，常接反身代词作宾语，表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词from。absolute[5AbsElu:t]

adj.

1.十足的，地道的：an

absolute

fool

十足的傻瓜

2.绝对的，完全的：That’s

absolute

nonsense!

那完全是胡说。3.肯定的，无疑的：We

have

absolute

proof.

我们有确凿的证据。4.无条件的：make

an

absolute

promise

无条件答应absorb[Eb5sR:b]

vt.

1.吸收：Dry

sand

absorbs

water.

干沙吸水。2.吸引…的注意，使全神贯注：He

is

absorbed

in

study.

他专心学习。3.把…并入，并吞，同化：Most

little

shops

have

been

absorbed

into

big

businesses.

大多数小店已被并入大公司。abstract[5AbstrAkt]

adj.

1.抽象的：We

may

talk

of

beautiful

things,

but

beauty

itself

is

abstract.

我们尽可谈些美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。2.抽象派的：an

abstract

painter

抽象派画家

n.1.[C]抽象派艺术作品

2.[C]摘要，梗概：Please

write

an

abstract

of

this

scientific

article.

请写一份这篇科学论文的摘要。absurd[5AbsEb]adj.

荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的：It’s

absurd

not

to

wear

a

coat

in

such

cold

weather.

这么冷的天气不穿外衣，真是荒唐。/

It

is

absurd

to

believe

that

the

number

13

brings

bad

luck.

相信数字13会带来恶运是荒诞不经的。abundant[E5bQndEnt]

adj.丰富的，充裕的：an

abundant

harvest

丰收

/

Our

country

is

abundant

in

natural

resources.

我国自然资源丰富。abuse[E5bju:z]

v.1.滥用：He

was

accused

of

abusing

his

position

for

personal

gain.

有人指控他以权谋私。2.辱骂，虐待：It’s

said

thathe

abused

his

wife.

据说他虐待他妻子。n.[E5bju:s]1.[C,U]滥用，妄用：the

abuse

of

privilege

滥用特权

2.[C,U]辱骂，说坏话，侮辱academic[7AkE5demik]

adj.

1.(学院或大学)教学的，学术的：academic

research

学术研究

/

an

academic

degree

学位

n.

[C]大学学生，大学教师academy[E5kAdEmi]

n.

(高等)专科院校：an

academy

of

music

音乐院校

/

a

military

academy

军事院校

2.研究院，学会：the

Academy

of

Sciences

of

Chinaaccelerate[Ek5selEreit]

v.(使)加速，促进，增加：I

accelerated

and

left

the

other

cars

behind.

我加速行驶，其他的车子抛在后面。/

I

decide

to

accelerate

his

advertising.

我决定增加广告量。accent[5AksEnt]

n.

1.[C,U]口音，腔调：speak

English

with

a

foreign

accent

说英语带外国腔2.[C]重音：The

word

“lady”

has

its

accent

on

the

first

syllable.

lady这个词的重音在第一个音节。3.[C,U]强调，重点：In

all

our

products

the

accent

is

on

quality.

在我们的所有产品中，最重视的就是质量。accept[E5ksept]

v.

1.接受：accept

an

invitation

接受邀请

/

She

offered

him

a

lift

and

he

accepted

(it).

她请他坐她的车，他就领情了。2.

同意，赞同：accept

the

judge’s

decision

同意法官的判决

3.认为，相信：accept

sth

as

true

信以为真【辨析】accept

与receive：前者指主观上接受，后者指客观上收到：He

received

the

gift,

but

he

did

not

accept

it.

他收到这件礼物，但没有接受。accident[5AksidEnt]

n.[C]事故，意外事件：Two

people

were

injured

in

the

accident.

这次事故中有两人受伤。■by

accident偶然(=by

chance)：Columbus

discovered

America

by

accident.

哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。【辨析】accident

与

incident：前者指偶然发生的不幸事件(事故)；后者则指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件：About

ten

people

were

killed

in

the

car

accident.

在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。/

The

book

is

about

the

July

7th

Incident.

这本书是关于七七事变的。according

to[E5kC:diNtu]

prep.按照，根据：Everything

went

according

to

plan.

一切按计划进行。/

According

to

the

timetable,

the

traingets

in

at

8:27.

根据时刻表，火车8:27进站。/

According

to

the

weather

forecast,

we'll

have

rain

tomorrow.

根据天气预报，明天会下雨。/The

work

was

done

according

to

her

instructions.

这工作是按她的指示做的。【说明】用于此义时，可表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。注意：according

to通常指根据别人或别处，而不是根据自己，所以它不能用于第一人称，同时也很少用于第二人称，而主要用于第三人称，即可说

according

to

him，但不说

according

to

me。要表示自己的看法，可用

in

one’s

opinion

之类的表达，但是，according

to

后习惯上不接view(看法)和

opinion(意见)这类词。accommodation[E7kRmE5deiFEn]

n.住处，住宿，膳宿：Can

we

find

accommodation(s)

at

a

hotel

for

tonight?

我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗?

/

This

hospital

has

accommodation(s)

for

500

patients.

这家医院有500个床位。【说明】在英国英语中不可数，在美国英语中通常用复数，但不能与不定冠词连用。accompany[E5kQmpEni]

v.伴随，陪同：She

accompanied

her

friend

to

the

concert.

她陪同朋友去听音乐会。/

Children

must

be

accompanied

by

an

adult.

小孩须由成人陪同。【注意】1.通常不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，如下句中的to

go应去掉：He

accompanied

her

to

go

to

the

station.

2.有的词典将其注为“陪伴”、“陪同”，但其英文释义为to

go

somewhere

with

someone,

especially

to

look

after

them，所以要表示呆在某处陪伴某人不宜用它。accomplish[E5kQmpliF]

vt.做成功，完成，达成：accomplish

one’s

purpose

达到目的

/

We

tried

to

settle

the

argument

but

accomplishednothing.

我们试图解决争端，但没起什么作用。account[E5kaunt]

n.

1.[C]账目，账户：open

an

account

at

[with]

a

bank

在银行开户

/

Put

it

on

my

account.=Charge

it

to

my

account.=Add

it

to

my

account.

记在我的账上。2.[C]描述，说明，报导：I

believe

that

is

a

very

good

account

of

what

happened.

我相信这对发生的情况作了很好的描述。3.[U]原因，理由：He

is

angry

on

this

account.

由于这个原因他很生气。4.[U]考虑：Never

leave

this

point

out

of

account.

绝不可将这一点不列入考虑。

v.

认为：I

account

him

lucky.

我认为他很幸运。■1.

account

for

解释，说明：His

illness

accounts

for

his

absence.

他因病缺席。2.

by

[from]

all

accounts

据说，据报道，据各方面说：By

all

accounts

their

manager

is

very

able.

据说他们的经理很能干。3.

on

account

of

因为，由于：He

couldn’t

come

on

account

of

his

illness.

他因病不能来。4.on

all

accounts

[on

every

account]

总之：It’s

best

to

do

so

on

all

accounts.

总之，这样做最好。5.on

no

account

绝不：You

ought

on

no

account

to

take

part

in

that.

你千万别参与那事。/

On

no

account

must

we

leave

him

like

this.

我们绝不能这样把他留下。6.

take

account

of

考虑，重视：We

must

take

full

account

of

this.

我们必须足够重视这一点。7.

take

sth

into

account

考虑，注意：You

should

take

the

expenses

into

account.

你应该把费用考虑进去。accountant[E5kauntEnt]

n.

[C]会计师，会计：He

signed

the

accountant

to

enter.

他示意叫会计进去。accumulate[E5kju:mjuleit]

v.积累，收集，积储：Dust

soon

accumulates

in

the

room.

房间里很快积满了灰尘。/

He

accumulated

a

good

library.

他积累了丰富的藏书。accuracy[5AkjErEsi]

n.

[U]准确，精确：firing

accuracy

命中率

/

with

accuracy

准确地

/

There

is

no

need

to

check

the

accuracy

of

the

report.

没有必要核实这份报告的准确性。accurate[5AkjErEt]

adj.准确的，正确无误的：Is

that

clock

accurate?

那钟准吗?

/

He

is

accurate

in

his

judgment.

他的判断正确无误。accuse[E5kju:z]

vt.指责，控告，指控：He

accused

her

of

cheating.

他指责她作弊。/

He

was

accused

as

an

accomplice.

他被指控为同犯。【注意】表示因某事而控告、指控、指责某人，通常用

accused

sb

of

(doing)

sth，其中的介词of

不能改为

for：The

police

accused

him

of

theft

[stealing].

警方控告他偷盗。accustomed[E5kQstEmd]

adj.

习惯的，经常的：He

is

accustomed

to

hard

work.

他习惯于苦干。/

She

was

accustomed

to

getting

up

early.

她习惯于早起。【说明】表示习惯于做某事，通常用

be

accustomed

to，其中的

to

通常被认为是介词，后接名词或动名词，但在现代英语中，其后也可接动词原形(即

to

被视为不定式符号)。ache[eik]

n.[C,U]疼痛：I

have

an

ache

in

the

stomach.

我胃痛。vi.

痛：His

back

aches.

他背痛。/

I’m

aching

all

over.

我全身都痛。/Her

head

ached

all

night.

她的头整夜都疼。【辨析】ache与pain：前者主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛；而pain的应用范围则较广，可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛，可指局部的痛或全身的痛，可指持续的痛或突发的痛等。achieve[E5tFi:v]

vt.

1.达到，取得：He

achieved

good

results.

他取得了好成绩。/

She

achieved

no

success.

她没有获得成功。2.完成，实现：I’ve

achieved

only

half

of

what

I

hoped

to

do.

我仅完成了我所希望完成的一半。【说明】通常用作及物动词，偶尔用作不及物动词，表示“获得成功”或“如愿以偿”：

He

achieved

because

he

worked

hard.

他因为工作努力获得了成功。achievement[E5tFi:vmEnt]

n.1.[U]完成：Such

a

goal

was

impossible

of

achievement.

那样的目标不可能实现。2.[C]成就，功绩：Landing

on

the

moon

was

a

remarkable

achievement.

登上月球是一大伟绩。acid[5Asid]

n.[C,U]酸

adj.1.酸的，有酸味的：Lemons

have

an

acid

taste.

柠檬有酸味。2.尖刻的：acid

remarks

刻薄话acknowledge

[Ek5nRlidV]

vt.1.承认：acknowledge

one’s

fault

认错，赔不是

/

I

acknowledge

the

truth

of

his

statement.

我承认他说的是事实。2.(公)认为：He

was

acknowledged

to

be

[as]

the

best

player.

他被公认为是最佳选手。acquaintance[E5kweintEns]

n.1.[C]相识的人，熟人：He

is

not

a

friend,

only

an

acquaintance.

他不是朋友，只是相熟。/

He

has

many

acquaintances.

他交友很广。2.[U](可连用a)熟悉，熟知：I

have

some

acquaintance

with

the

Russian.

我懂一点儿俄语。acquire[E5kaiE]

vt.1.获得，取得：She

acquired

a

knowledge

of

the

English

by

careful

study.

她认真学习而精通英语。2.拥有，得到：Our

company

has

recently

acquired

a

new

office

building

in

Chicago.

我们公司最近在芝加哥得到了一栋新办公楼。acquisition[7Akwi5ziFEn]

n.1.[U]获得：He

devotes

his

time

to

the

acquisition

of

knowledge.

他把时间花在获取知识上。2.[C]得到的东西，得到的人：This

motor-scooter

is

my

latest

acquisition.

这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。acre[5eikE]

n.[C]英亩：a

farm

of

20

acres

占地20英亩的农场

/

The

total

area

of

a

soccer

field

is

about

two

acres.

一个足球场的总面积大约为两英亩。across[E5krCs]

prep.1.穿过，到…的另一边：There

is

a

bridge

across

the

river.

河的两边有桥相连。2.在…的另一边：The

bus

stop

is

just

across

the

street.

公共汽车站就在街道的那边。3.表示“交叉”：He

sat

there

with

his

arms

across

his

chest.

他坐在那儿，两臂交叉放在胸前。adv.

1.穿过，跨过，从一边到另一边：Can

you

swim

across?

你能游到对岸去吗？2.交叉：He

sat

there

with

his

arms

across.

他交叉着手臂坐在那儿。

【辨析】across

与

through：前者指在面上穿过，后者指在里面或在一定空间范围内穿过：walk

across

the

playground

走过操场

/

walk

through

a

forest

走过森林【说明】across

用作介词或副词，不能用作动词，cross才是动词：go

across

a

bridge

过桥

/

cross

a

bridge

过桥act[Akt]

n.1.[C]行为，行动，举动：It’s

a

foolish

act.

那是愚蠢之举。2.[C]法令，条例：Social

Security

Act社会保险条例

/

under

this

Act

根据本条例3.[C](戏剧的)一幕：a

play

of

two

acts

两幕剧

v.

1.行动，做事，举止：Think

before

acting.

三思而后行。/

It’s

time

to

act.

该采取行动了。2.表演：He

acts

well.

他戏演得不错。3.担任，充当：A

trained

dog

can

act

as

a

guide

to

a

blind

person.

经过训练的狗可作盲人的向导。4.起作用，生效：The

medicine

acts

on

the

heart.

这药对心脏起作用。5.扮演：He

acted

(the

part

of)

Hamlet

very

well.

他扮演哈姆雷特(这个角色)很出色。■1.

act

as

充当，起…的作用：He

acts

as

director

of

the

workshop.

他担任车间主任。2.

act

for

代理，代表：The

chairman

is

ill,

so

I’m

asking

Mr

Smith

to

act

for

him.

因为主席有病，所以我请史密斯先生代理。active[5Aktiv]

adj.积极的，活泼的，活跃的：active

measures

积极措施

/

The

market

is

active.

市场活跃。/

Although

he

is

quite

old,

he

is

still

very

active.

他虽然老了，可仍闲不住。【说明】在

take

part

in(参加)这一短语中，part前通常不用冠词，但若有了active

的修饰，则要用不定冠词：He

takes

an

active

part

in

school

activities.

他积极参加学校各项活动。activity[Ak5tiviti]

n.

1.[U]活动(性)，活力：The

house

has

been

full

of

activity

all

day.

房子里整天都很热闹。

2.[C]行动，(具体)活动(常用复)：school

activities

学校活动

/

social

activities

社会活动

/

sports

activities

体育活动

/

outdoor

activities

户外活动【说明】侧重指一种繁忙或充满活力的状态时，不可数；侧重指具体所做的事情，如工作、娱乐、消遣等，则可数，且通常用复数。actor[5AktE]

n.[C](男)演员：actor’s

lines

台词

/

a

film

actor

电影演员【说明】actor

指男演员，也可泛指男演员和女演员，要专指女演员，用

actress。actress[5Aktris]

n.[C]女演员：a

famous

actress

著名女演员actual[5AktjuEl]

adj.

实际的，真实的，现实的：in

actual

life

在现实生活中

/

actual

price

实价

/

I’m

not

joking.

These

are

his

actual

words.

我不是开玩笑，这都是他的原话。【说明】通常不用作表语，且没有比较等级。A.D.[7ei5di:]

n.公元：Buddhism

was

introduced

into

China

about

A.D.67.

佛教是在公元67年传入中国的。/

From

30

B.C.

to

A.D.

20

is

50

years.

公元前30年到公元20年之间有50年。【说明】A.D.放在年代之前或之后均可。比较：B.C.(公元前)通常应置于年代之后。Ad[Ad]

n.[C]广告。参见

advertisement。adapt[E5dApt]

v.

1.使适应，使适合：Can

you

adapt

(yourself)

to

the

new

job?

你能适应这新的工作吗?

2.改编，改装：The

car

was

adapted

for

use

as

a

taxi.

那辆车已改装成计程车。/

It

is

difficult

to

adapt

this

story

for

the

film.

要把这故事改编为电影不容易。【说明】adapt

to

意为“适应”，其中的to是介词：Soon

they

adapted

to

living

in

the

country.

他们很快就适应了在乡下住。adaptation[7AdAp5teiFEn]

n.1.[C]改编本：an

adaptation

of

a

novel

for

television

改编小说成电视剧本

2.[U]适应：a

period

of

adaptation

适应期add[Ad]

v.1.加，增加：Add

some

water.

加点水吧。/

That

was

adding

fuel

to

the

fire.

那是火上加油。2.接着说(或写)：I

have

two

points

to

add.

我有两点补充意见。3.加起来，增加，做加法：The

child

can’t

add

yet.

这小孩还不会做加法。■1.

add

in

包括：Don’t

forget

to

add

me

in.

别忘了把我也算上。2.

add

to

增加：This

adds

to

our

difficulties.

这增加了我们的困难。3.add

up

加起来：You

haven’t

addedthe

figures

up

right.

这些数字你没有加对。4.

add

up

to

加起来等于，总之就是…：The

figures

add

up

to

500.

这些数字加起来等于500。/

Your

long

answer

just

adds

up

to

a

refusal.

你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。addicted[E5diktid]

adj.沉溺于，醉心于：He

was

addicted

to

all

sorts

of

vice.

他无恶不作。/

He

was

addicted

to

poetry

and

hoped

to

be

a

poet.

他醉心于诗歌，希望能成为诗人。addition[E5diFEn]

n1.[U]加，附加，加法：The

boy

is

still

not

good

at

addition.

这个小男孩加法仍然不好。2.[C]增加物，附加物：They’ve

got

a

new

addition

to

the

family.

他们家又多了一位成员。■1.

in

addition

另外，加之：You

need

money

and

time,

in

addition,

you

needdiligence.

你需要金钱和时间，此外，你还要努力。2.

in

addition

to

除…外(还)：In

addition

to

English,

he

has

to

study

a

second

foreign

language.

除了学习英语之外，他必须学习第二外语。address[E5dres]

n.1.[C]住址，通讯处：a

return

address

回信地址

/

change

one’s

address

改变地址

/

What’s

your

home

address?

你的住宅地址是哪儿？2.[C]演说，致辞，讲话：Who

will

give

the

opening

(closing)

address?

谁致开(闭)幕辞?

vt.1.(在信封等上)写收件人的姓名地址：The

letter

is

addressed

to

you.

这封信是写给你的。2.称呼：How

should

I

address

her?

我该怎样称呼她?【说明】1.询问某人的地址时，通常说

What’s

your

address?

不说

Where’s

your

address?

当然，若说

Where

do

you

live?

则完全可以，且更通俗。2.用作动词时，无论表示哪个意思，均及物，后接宾语时，不要误加介词，如要表示给某人致辞，不说

address

to

sb，而说

address

sb。adequate[5AdikwEt]

adj.

1.足够的：The

supply

is

not

adequate

to

the

demand.

供不应求。2.恰当的，胜任的：I

hope

you

will

prove

adequate

to

the

job.

我希望你能胜任这工作。3.尚可的，差强人意的：Your

work

is

adequate

but

I’m

sure

you

could

do

better.

你的工作表现不错，但我肯定你还能够做得更好。【说明】一般不与

enough

连用，以免语义重复。adjust[E5dVQst]

v.1.调整，调节，校正：I

must

adjust

the

watch;

it

is

slow.

我必须把表调一下，它走慢了。2.(使)适应：He

soon

adjusted

(himself)

to

her

way

of

life.

他很快适应了她的生活方式。【说明】表示“适应”时，主要用于

adjust

oneself

to

这一结构，其中的反身代词可省略。adjustment[E5dVQstmEnt]

n.

[C,U]调整，调节，适应：I’ve

made

a

few

adjustments

to

the

plan.

我对计划作了些小小的调整。/

She

made

a

quick

adjustment

to

her

new

job.

她很快就适应了新的工作。administration[Ed7mini5streiFEn]

n.[U]经营，管理，施政，行政：You

will

need

some

experience

in

administration.

你需要管理方面的经验。/

Master

of

Business

Administration

(=MBA)

工商管理学硕士admirable[5AdmErEbl]

adj.令人钦佩的，值得赞赏的：an

admirable

example

of

good

planning

一个周详计划的范例

/

His

behavior

was

admirable.

他的行为令人钦佩。admire[Ed5maiE]

vt.

钦佩，赞美，羡慕：I

admire

his

bravery.

/

I

admire

him

for

his

bravery.

我羡慕他的勇敢。/

His

cleverness

was

much

admired.

大家都佩服他的聪明。【说明】其后不接双宾语或

that

从句，即不说I

admire

him

his

bravery.或I

admire

that

he

is

brave.admission[Ed5miFEn]

n.

1.[U]准入，接纳，入学：Admission

by

ticket

only.

凭票入场。/

He

has

the

requirements

for

admission

into

the

university.

他具备了进入该大学的条件。2.[U]入场费，入学费：Admission

to

the

lecture

is

$10.

听演讲入场费为10美元。3.[C]承认，招供：He

made

a

full

admission

of

his

crime.

他全盘招供他的罪行。admit[Ed5mit]

v.1.承认：Dare

he

admit

his

mistake?

他敢承认错误吗?

/

This

meant

admitting

defeat.

这就意味着承认失败了。2.接纳，招收：They

are

all

admitted

to

college.

他们都进了大学。3.让…进入：Each

ticket

admits

two

people

to

the

party.

每张票可供两个人入场参加聚会。■admit

of

容许：It

admits

of

no

other

explanation.

这不容作其他解释。【说明】1.表示“承认做了某事”时，其后通常接动名词，但不接不定式：She

admitted

having

seen

us.

她承认看到过我们。2.通常及物，有时也可不及物，后接介词to：He

admitted

(to)

stealing.

他供认了偷盗。3.表示“允许…进入”时，不接不定式的复合结构，即不说admit

sb

to

enter

a

place

之类的。adolescence[7AdE5lesns]

n.[U]青春期(指童年与成年之间的过渡期)：during

(one’s)

adolescence

在(某人的)青春期

/

sex

education

of

adolescence

青春期性教育

/

Adolescence

is

often

a

difficult

time

in

one’s

life.

青春期常常是人生中一个困难的阶段。adolescent[7AdE5lesnt]

n.[C]青少年，少男，少女：the

problem

of

adolescents

青少年问题

adj.青春期的，青少年的，少男的，少女的：adolescent

problems

青少年问题，青春期问题adopt[E5dRpt]

vt.1.收养，领养：adopt

a

child

收为养子

2.采取，采用：They

adopted

our

methods.

他们采用了我们的办法。【说明】1.adopt

表示“收养”时，指法律意义上的正式收养，如指一般的认养，则用foster。2.汉语中的“养子(女)”说成英语是

adopted

son

(daughter)，但是“养父母”却是

adoptive

parents

/

adoptive

father

/

adoptive

mother。但若用

foster(adj.)则没有此区别：a

foster

child(养子)，a

foster

father(养父)adore[E5dR:(r)]

vt.1.爱慕，敬爱，崇拜：He

adores

his

parents.

他敬爱父母。2.非常喜欢：He

adores

(going

to)

the

cinema.

他非常爱看电影。/

She

adores

going

to

the

volleyball

match.

她非常喜欢看排球比赛。【说明】表示“非常喜欢”时，后接动词要用动名词(不用不定式)。adult[E5dQlt]

n.[C]成年人：This

novel

is

suitable

for

adults.

这本小说适合成年人看。/

Admission

for

adults

is

three

dollars.

成人入场费是3美元。adj.

成年的，成熟的(只作定语)：adult

life

成人生活

/

adult

education

成人教育

/

adult

movie

成人电影advance[Ed5vB:ns]

v.

1.前进，进展：advance

in

one’s

studies

学业进步

/

The

work

didn’t

advance

at

all.

工作一点没有进展。2.提升，上涨：advance

in

price

涨价

/

advance

in

one’s

position

职位晋升

3.推进，促进：advance

the

growth

of

wheat

促进小麦的生长

4.提早，提前(日期)：The

date

of

the

meeting

was

advanced

from

10

to

3

June.

会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。

n.[C,U]

前进，进展，进步：stop

the

enemy’s

advance

阻止敌军前进

/

China

has

made

great

advances

in

industry.

中国在工业方面进步很大。■1.in

advance

事先，提前：The

rent

must

be

paid

in

advance.

租金必须预付。2.

in

advance

of

在…前头：He

is

far

in

advance

ofadvantage[Ed5vB:ntidV]

n.

1.[C]优点，优势，好处：It

is

a

great

advantage

to

be

able

to

drive

a

car.

能开车是很有利的。/

There

are

several

advantages

in

city

life.

都市生活有几个优点。2.[U]利益，益处：There

is

little

advantage

in

buying

a

dictionary

if

you

can’t

read.

如果你不识字，买字典也没什么用。■1.have

the

[an]

advantage

over

(of)

优于，比…占有优势：You

have

the

advantage

over

(of)

me

in

experience.

你经验比我丰富。2.

take

advantage

of

利用，欺骗，占便宜：They

took

advantage

of

the

fine

weather

to

play

tennis.

他们利用好天气去打了网球。/

He

has

always

been

taking

advantage

of

me.

他老是在占我的便宜。adventure[Ed5ventFE]

n.[C,U]冒险，冒险活动，奇遇：a

young

man

looking

for

adventure

一个寻求冒险的年轻人

/

Sherlock

Holmes

had

many

adventures.

福尔摩斯有过很多奇遇。【说明】表示抽象意义的“冒险”，不可数；表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”，则可数：a

sense

of

adventure

冒险意识

/

an

adventure

on

sea

海上冒险advertise[5AdvEtaiz]

v.

1.登广告，做广告：We

don’t

actually

advertise

very

much.

我们不多做广告。/

He

advertised

for

a

secretary.

他登广告招聘一名秘书。2.为…做广告：If

you

want

to

sell

your

product

you

must

advertise

it.

你要想卖掉你的产品，你就得为此登广告。/

Jobs

are

advertised

in

the

papers.

在报纸上有招聘广告。【说明】用作及物或不及物动词，含义不同，比较：advertise

sth

为…做广告，登广告宣传…；advertise

for

sth

登广告征求或寻找某物(其中的

for

表目的)。如：advertise

a

job

登广告招聘

/

advertise

for

a

job

登广告求职advertisement[Ed5vE:tismEnt]

n.[C]广告：He

put

an

advertisement

in

the

paper.

他在报上登广告。/

The

wall

was

covered

with

advertisements.

墙上贴满了广告。【说明】1.

advertisement

也可略作

advert

或

ad：ads

for

selling

cars

销售汽车的广告2.

advertisement

是可数名词，不可数名词用advertising：The

magazine

contains

a

lot

of

advertising

[advertisements].

这本杂志广告很多。advice[Ed5vais]

n.[U]忠告，建议：He

asked

for

her

advice.

他向她征求意见。/

He

followed

[took]

my

advice.

他听了我的意见。/

Let

me

give

you

a

piece

of

advice.

我给你进一句忠言吧。/

I

want

your

advice

on

[about]

the

matter.

我想听听你对这个问题的意见。/

Good

advice

is

beyond

price.

有益的忠告是无价之宝。【说明】是不可数名词，要表示数量，需借助单位词

piece：a

piece

of

advice,

two

pieces

of

adviceadvise[Ed5vaiz]

v.

1.忠告，建议：He

did

what

the

doctor

advised.

他听从医生的吩咐。/

He

advised

going

to

London.

他建议去伦敦。/He

advised

me

to

go

to

London.

他建议我去伦敦。2.通知，告知：He

advised

me

that

I

won

the

prize.

他通知我得奖了。/

Could

you

adviseus

of

the

arrival

of

the

goods?

货物到达时，请通知我们好吗？【说明】1.后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，不要用不定式，即说advise

doing

sth；但是若后接名词或代词作宾语后再接动词时，动词要用不定式，即说

advise

sb

to

do

sth。2.表示建议后接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用“should

+

动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：I

advise

he(should)

start

early.

我劝他早点动身。advocate[5AdvEkit]

n.[C]提倡者，鼓吹者：He

is

a

strong

advocate

of

the

new

method

of

teaching.

他是新教学方法的积极倡导者。vt.[5AdvEkeit]提倡，鼓吹，主张：He

advocates

higher

salaries

for

teachers.

他主张提高教师的工资。【说明】后接动词作宾语时，动词要用动名词(不用不定式)：He

advocates

building

more

schools.

他主张多建几所学校。aeroplane[5ZErEplein]

n.

[C]

(英)飞机：fly

an

aeroplane

驾驶飞机

/

travel

to

Paris

by

aeroplane

飞往巴黎

/

He

flew

10

miles

a

minute

in

his

aeroplane.

他以一分钟10英里的速度驾机飞行。【说明】aeroplane

为英国英语，美国英语用

airplane，两者均可简化为

plane。affair[E5fZE]

n.

1.[C]事情，事件：I

know

how

to

take

care

of

my

own

affairs.

我知道如何去处理自己的事。/

The

affair

wasn’t

so

easily

settled.

这件事不那么容易解决。2.

(常用复)事务，事态：He

is

very

interested

in

public

affairs.

他对公众事务很感兴趣。【说明】表示一般性的“事”或“事情”，与

thing,

matter,

business,

event

等大致同义，在口语也可以模糊地表示“活动”、“事件”、“东西”等。表示重要的事情、事务或复杂含混的情况、事态等，通常用复数形式，且一般不与定冠词连用。affect[E5fekt]

vt.

1.影响：Thousands

of

people

were

affected

by

the

floods.

成千上万的人受到了洪水的影响。/

Her

personal

problems

seem

to

be

affecting

her

work.

她的个人问题影响到工作。2.(在情感方面)打动，感动：The

story

affected

us

deeply.

故事深深地打动了我们。【辨析】affect,

effect与influence：1.

affect

与

effect

的区别是：前者是动词(及物)，后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系为：affect=have

an

effect

on。如：To

affect

a

policy

is

to

have

an

effect

on

it.

影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。2.

influence

表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。affection[E5fekFEn]

n.

[U,C]友爱，亲爱，疼爱，爱情：He

won

her

affection(s).

他得到了她的爱情。/

He

felt

great

affection

for

his

sister.

他很疼爱他妹妹。afford[E5fC:d]

vt.1.买得起，花得起：We

can’t

afford

(to

buy)

a

new

car.

我们买不起新车。/

Are

you

able

to

afford

the

time

for

a

holiday?

你有时间去度假吗？2.给予，提供：It

will

afford

me

great

pleasure

to

have

dinner

with

you.

跟你一道吃饭太让我高兴了。【说明】1.表示“买得起”、“花得起”时，通常与

can,

could,

be

able

to

连用，但表示“给予”时，则无需与之连用。2.表示“买得起”、“花得起”时，其实质意思是指有足够的时间、金钱等，其后可接名词、代词或不定式，意思明确时，可有所省略：afford

to

take

a

taxi

=afford

a

taxi

坐得起计程车

/

afford

the

time

for

a

holiday=afford

a

holiday

抽得出时间去度假afraid[E5freid]

adj.

1.害怕的：Don’t

be

afraid.

别怕。/

He

is

afraid

of

snakes.

他怕蛇。/

She

is

afraid

of

flying

[to

fly].

她害怕坐飞机。/

He

was

afraid

to

go

into

the

house

and

meet

his

father.

他不敢进屋去见他父亲。2.担心的：He

was

afraid

of

losing

face.

他担心丢面子。/

I’m

afraid

that

he

won’t

help

us.

我担心他不会帮我们。/

“Is

he

not

coming?”“I

am

afraid

not.(I’m

afraid

so.)”

“他不来吗?”“看来不会(怕是这样)。”【说明】be

afraid

to

do

sth与be

afraid

of

doing

sth有所不同，前者表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事，后者有两个意思，一是表示害怕做某事(与be

afraid

to

do

sth

同义)，二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生，此时不能与

be

afraid

to

do

sth

互换)。Africa[5AfrikE]

n.

非洲：They

went

to

West

Africa

to

see

the

wild

animals.African[5AfrikEn]

adj.非洲的，非洲人的：African

countries

非洲国家

n.[C]非洲人after[5B:ftE]

prep.1.在…之后：He

came

back

after

dark.

天黑后他才回来。/

Shut

the

door

after

you.

请随手关门。2.追赶，追求，寻找：The

cat

ran

after

the

mouse.

猫追老鼠。3.依照，用…的名字：Please

make

some

sentences

after

this

model.

请仿照例子造句。/

She

was

named

Elizabeth

after

her

grandmother.

她依从祖母的名字取名为伊丽莎白。4.由于，鉴于：After

what

has

happened,

he

will

not

go.

鉴于已经发生的事情，他不愿去了。5.合乎(想法等)：She

is

a

woman

after

my

own

heart.

她真是个合乎我心意的女子。6.接连不断：She

saw

play

after

play.

她接连不断地看戏。/

Day

after

day

they

worked

on.

他们日复一日地工作下去。adv.在后，后来：He

arrived

soon

after.

他不久就到了。conj.在…以后：After

she

got

married，she

changed

completely.

她结婚之后完全变了。【辨析】1.

after与behind：前者主要指位次的先后，后者主要指位置的前后。2.

after与in：两者均可表示在一段时间之后，区别是：after以过去时间为起点，通常连用过去时态；in

以现在时间为起点，通常连用将来时态。注意：若表示在某一点时间之后，则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去)：I’ll

come

back

after

4

o’clock.

我4点钟以后回来。【说明】after

用作连词引导时间状语从句时，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。afternoon[7B:ftE5nu:n]

n.[C,U]下午，午后：He

had

an

afternoon

sleep.

他午睡了。/

The

meeting

was

held

on

the

afternoon

of

March

16.

会议于3月【说明】1.泛指一般下午，其前用介词in，若特指具体某天的下午，则用介词

on。2.当afternoon

与

this,

that,

each,

every,

yesterday,

tomorrow,

one

等连用时，其前不用in,

on

等介词，也不用冠词。3.在美国英语中，当表示每天下午或在任何一个下午时，可用复数形式(用作副词)：I’m

always

busy

afternoons.

我下午总很忙。(注：morning,

evening用法同此)afterward(s)[5B:ftEwEd(z)]

adv.

后来：I’m

busy

now.

I’ll

go

there

afterward(s).

我现在很忙，待会儿再过去。again[E5gen,E5gein]

adv.再一次；又，再：Try

again.

再试一次。/

When

do

we

meet

aga