初一英语基本语法超级讲义适合学渣与学霸

初一上册英语超级语法原理及单词表一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母（a,e,i,o,u），字母的正确占格及单词间距。元音12个单元音长元音[i:]［明产］[u:][a:]短元音[i]［可[2][u]/][e][八]8个双元音[ai][ei]Bi]［河［沔［叫[u丐[au]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][0][J]M[tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][%[3][电][dr][dz]3个鼻音[m][n]凸3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]元音音素： 来，轻音） /r/（若不要把ub给发出来，浊音）/i:/（衣发长点） /i/ （衣急促地发声）/山（七不要把1给发出来，轻音）/d3/（姬不要把1给发出/e/（哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的1给读出来，嘴唇放松来，浊音）自然地读）/tr/（缺不要把ue给发出来，轻音）/dr/（撅不要把ue给发出㈤地发）（哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的1给读出来，嘴唇扁平来，浊音）/ts/（次不要把1给发出来，轻音）/dz/（自不要把1给发出/:/（额发长音）//（额发短音）来，浊音）/A/（阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了）/m/（嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音）/a:/（啊嘴巴长到最大）/n/ （嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，气流从鼻子出来，浊音）/a/（喔急促） /a:/ （喔声音拖长）/9/ （嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，气流从鼻子出来，浊音）/u/（乌急促） /u:/ （乌声音拖长）/l/ （有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发"呕"，浊音；而是放在/ei/（有点像答应人的“诶”的声音）/ai/（唉）音标中发"了"，浊音）/ai/（喔-衣 连读）/u/ （呕）/au/（傲）/w/ （我不要把o给发出来，浊音）/j/（呀不要把a给发出来，/i/（衣-饿连读）/£/（哎-饿连读）/u/（乌-浊音）饿连读所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音。所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。实战演练：sock/s动的音。所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。实战演练：sock/sok/n.短袜T-shirt/'ti:Jkt/n.T恤衫shorts/fo:ts/n.(pl.)短裤sweater/'sweto/n.毛衣trousers/'trauzoz/n.(pl.)裤子shoe/fu:/n.鞋skirt/sko:t/n.裙子dollar/'dol。/n.元(美国、等国的货币符号为$)big/big/adj.大的；大号的small/smo:l/adj.小的；小号的short/fo:t/adj.短的；矮的/p/（普不要把u给发出来，轻音）/b/（不不要把u给发出来，浊音）/t/（特不要把e给发出来,轻音）Id（得不要把e给发出来，浊音）/k/（克不要把e给发出来，轻音）/g/（各不要把e给发出来，浊音）/f/（福不要把百给发出来，轻音）/v/ （有点像摩托车启动的声音，“呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“vhvava”一样，不要把u给发出来，浊音）/s/ （丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把1给读出来，轻音）/z/ （就是/s/的浊音）Z0/ （牙齿咬住舌头的轻音） /6/ （牙齿咬住舌头的浊音）/J/（西不要把1给发出来，轻音）/3/（衣不要把1给发出来，浊音） /h/（喝不要把e给发出

long/Io』/adj.长的long/Io』/adj.长的woman/'wumon/n.女子need/ni:d/v.需要look/luk/v.看；看上去pair/peo/n.一双；一对take/teik/v.买下；拿；取ten/ten/num.十eleven/i'levon/num.十—■twelve/twelv/num.十二thirteen/09：'ti:n/num.十三when/wen/adv.（疑问副词）什么时候month/mAn0/n.月；月份January/'d3&njuori/n.一月February/'februori/n.二月March/ma:tf/n.三月April/'eiprol/n.四月May/mei/n.五月June/d§u:n/n.六月July/d§u'lai/n.七月August/'o:gost/n.八月September/sep'tembo/n.九月October/ok'toubo/n.十月November/nou'vembo/n.十—月December/di'sembo/n.十二月happy/'h&pi/adj.愉快的；高兴的old/ould/adj.年老的；旧的party/'pa:ti/n.聚会；晚会first/fo:st/num.第一second/'sekond/num.第二third/0o:d/num.第三fifth/fif9/num,第五eighth/eit0/num,第八ninth/nain0/num.第九twelfth/twelfG/num,第十二twentieth/'twentioG/num.第二十test/test/n.测验；检查dear/dio/adj.亲爱的student/'stju:dnt/n.学生thing/Gig/n,东西；事情term/to:m/n.学期busy/'bizi/adj.忙碌的；无暇的time/taim/n.时间there/deo/adv.（在）那里favorite/'feivorit/adj.&n.特别喜爱的（人或事物）subject/'sAbd§ekt/n.学科；科目science/'saions/n.科学P.E./pi:'i:/n.（=physicaleducation）体育music/'mju:zik/n.音乐；乐曲math/meG/n.数学Chinese/tfai'ni:z/n.语文；汉语中国的geography/dsi'ogrofi/n.地理（学）history/'histri/n.历史why/wai/adv.为什么because/bi'koz/conj.因为Monday/'mAndei/n.星期一Friday/'fraidei/n.星期五Saturday/'s&todei/n.星期六free/fri:/adj.空闲的cool/ku:l/adj.妙极的；酷的Tuesday/'tju:zdei/n.星期二Wednesday/'wenzdei/n.星期三Thursday/'Gozdei/n.星期四Sunday/'sAndei/n.星期日A.M./ei'em/（=a.m.）上午P.M./pi:'em/（=p.m.）下午；午后useful/'ju:sfl/adj.有用的；有益的trip/trip/n.旅游；旅行art/a:t/n.艺术；美术from/frotrip/trip/n.旅游；旅行art/a:t/n.艺术；美术二、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a,an）两种。1、定冠词the表示特指，可译为这个、那个、这些、那些，弹奏乐器要加the:playthepiano/playtheguitar。独一无二的名词前要加the：如thesun（太阳）；序数词前要加the:thefirst/thesecond。2、不定冠词a,an用来表明（可数）名词的数量是一个。an用于以元音开头（注意不是以元音字母开头）的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。元音发音和辅音发音以发音时牙齿和嘴唇是否有摩擦为准，有摩擦则为辅音，即用a，否则为an。但是U的发音除外，当在单词中发类似you这个单词的发音统统用a，其他的如unhappy则用an.3、不定冠词a,an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调数量，而基数词则强调数量。吃三餐不要用冠词：havesupper/havedinner/havebreakfast/.另外，打球下棋也不要用冠词：playbasketball/playchess.实战演练：冠词用a，an，the或者\填空Thereiswateronthefloor.Thereis orangeondesk.Whatdoyouknowaboutpandas?Iwanttohavechickenfordinner.Thereisfishinthebow.Look!Itcanswimveryfast.Thereis'm‘in'climb,andthereis'u‘in'country。Idon,tlikebroccolibutIlikeapples.Mybrotherisengineer,andmysisterisexecutivenow.Idon,tlikemovie.It,sboring.Jenny,sbirthdayisNov.12th--Let,sgoandplaychess.--Sorry,I'mafraidIcan't.It'stimeformetoplaypiano.Heusuallyhashisbreakfastat7:00amandgoestoschoolat7:30.Weshouldhelppoors（poor：形容词“穷的”）。14）moonissobrighttonight.三、be动词用法be动词有三种变形，分别是：am,is,are。记忆口诀：我用am,你用are,is用于他、她、它；单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。死记：我（I）是第一人称、你（you）是第二人称，只要即不是你也不是我的，统统都是第三人称。所谓的三单是指：谓语或be动词前面的主语（名词或代词）是第三人称而且是单个的名词时，这个时候be动词要用单数（is）谓语动词要加s（一般现在时）。实战演练：Be动词填写1)IfromAustralia.9)Whichdog yours?2)Sheastudent.10)Tenandtwo twelve.3)JaneandTom myfriends.11)You agoodboy.4)Myparents verybusyeveryday.12)Hisfriend quitebadtohim.5)They fromChina.13)16.There_ agirland2boysthere.6)YangLing. elevenyearsold.14)17.It _veryinteresting.7)Where yourfriends?15)18.There_ agirlandtwoboysintheclassroom.8)Howold— youlastyear?

四、代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）实战演练：用代词的适当形式填空。MissGaoteaches实战演练：用代词的适当形式填空。MissGaoteachesEnglishatschool.(we)Ineedanewschoolbag,so motherbuysoneforThisisnotmydictionary.Thisis(she)Thisbookisnot(he)Lookatmouth.(I)Theyareparents.(he)Yourschoolisnewer(更新)than(比) .(she)classroomisbright(明亮).(I)Heis father.(Bob)Thankyouforhelping (I)Thisisn,t pen. isoverthere.(she)schoolisfarawayfrom(远离) home.(he)(we) cangotothezoobybus.MsDingteaches(we)maths.Bobloves(he)motherverymuch.Doyouknow(they)newteacher?17)(we)newmodelplanecanflyveryhigh.Ihavealovely(可爱的)cat,(it)nameisCarl.Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike(he).TheboyunderthetreeisHenry.Thisis(he)bike.Shedoesn,tlike(she)newskirt.Whobought(买)itfor (she)?Whoisthemanoverthere(那边)？Heis (we)teacher.2.序数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,五、基数词与序数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数)1.五、基数词与序数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数)1.基数词：zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty,twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,onehundred,onehundredandone。tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetietho3.Hundr,thousand,million表示具体的数目时，如有数词或one/a这种修饰时，后面不加s也不加of.如果表示大概数目，1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs2反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves3指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some4疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever5关系代词/连接代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as6不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another.all/both.neither/either7相互代词eachother,oneanother

比如成千上万、成百上千，则前面无法加基数词，后面需加s和of比如成千上万、成百上千，则前面无法加基数词，后面需加s和of,比如：ahundred/twomillion;thousandsof(成千上万)studentoThisisasmallclass,andofthestudentsareboys.A.twothirdB.secondthreeC.twothirdsD.twothreeThepopulationofChinaisabout.A.13millionB.130millionC.1.34billion D.13.4billionPleaseopenyourbooksatpage5andwearegoingtolearnthelesson.A.twoB.threeC.fifthD.six4)boystookpartintheHappyBoyCompetitionbutonlyfewofthemsucceeded.A.OnemillionofB.ThreemillionsC.MillionsofD.ThousandsandmillionsDuringtheSeven-dayNationalDayholiday,familieswentouting.A.thousandB.thousandsofC.thousandsD.thousandsandthousandsInourschool,ofthestudentsaregirls.A.threefifthsB.threefifthC.thirdfiveD.thirdfifths—Whattimeisitnow?—It,s.A.nineforty-fiveB.forty-fivepastnineC.fifty-fivetonineD.threequarterstotenDecemberismonthoftheyear.A.oneB.thelastC.lastD.thefirst9)Thereare peopleinthepark.A.ahundredofB.3hundredsB.2hundredsofD.Hundredsof10)Thecomputerwasveryexpensive.Ispentfiveyuanonit.A.thousands B.thousandC.thousandsof D.thousandof六、可数名词变复数：可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：1）一般情况直接在词尾加“-$"，如：cake-cakes,bag-bags,day-days,face-faces,orange-oranges等；2）以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，要在词尾加"-©5"，如：bus-buses,watch-watches,box-boxes等；3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-©5”,如：baby-babies,country-countries,family-families等；4）部分以f（e）结尾的词，变f（e）为"ves"，如：knife-knives,half-halves等；5）以o结尾的词，力P'-s"或"-es"，如：zoo-zoos,photo-photos,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是有生命的，加“-©5"，无生命加飞”。2、不规则变化：1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth等；2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese等；3）其他形式：mouse-mice,child-children等。3、名词所有格1、Kangkang'sbooks；TomandHelen'sdesk;Ann'sandMaria'sbikes;2、用of表示” 的"，但要从of后往of前翻译：abookofmine（我的一本书）3、have与of的区别：have一般表示“主动拥有"，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：Ihaveanewbike.Shehastwobigeyes.实战演练：用所给名词的正确形式填空1)Ihavetwo (knife)4)Afew —aredrawingonthewall.(boy)2)Therearemany here.(box)5)The areplayingfootballnow.(child)3)Therearemany ontheroad.(bus)6)Pleasetaketwo__ forme.(photo)

7)Ilikethered .(tomato)13)Thegreensweaterishis (brother).8)Wouldyoupleasecleanyour now?14)Thisyear, isonMay9th.(fatherbirthday)(tooth)15)My (father)brotherisaworker.9)Doyouwantsome ?(milk)16) (LliMingandHarry)fatherareteachersinour10)My (parent)friendsareallteachers.school.11)XiaoliandXiaoming's fatherisadoctor.12) (he)schollissobeautiful.七、介词序号介词介词用法举例1In.表时间：在什么时间段；.表地点：在什么大的地方.用什么语言（说哪个东西）Inwinter/inthemorning/inMayInShanghai/InChina/IntheschoolInEnglish.2on.表时间：在某一天、某个星期几或具体的某个早上、上午或下午。.表地点：在某个物体的上面.在……方面On12nd,May,2017/onMonday/onthemoringofMarch3rd2017OnthedeskIhaveabookonhistory.3at.表时间：在哪个时间点.表地点：在哪个小地方.在……方面At3:00intheafternoonAtschoolIamgoodatsinging.4from1.来自2.从……到……1.IamfromBeijing2.Imustreadfrom14:00-15:00.5for1.为了2.给3.对于MymotherbougabookformeThisisforyouTheT-shirtistoobigforme.6to.到……地方去.对于.To+do（这时并不是介词，而是非谓语动词动词不定式的标志：todo形式）GotoschoolHeisquitegoodtomeIwanttogothere.7with1.和（从属关系，而不像and属于并列关系）2.带有3.固定搭配Iwanttogotoschoolwithyou.Ihaveahousewithagarden.Helpsbwith;begoodwith8behind在……后面Thereisadogbehindthedoor.9by1.乘坐2.被3.通过4.在……旁边Bysea/bike/planeIwasgivenup(抛弃)bymymother.Iimprove(改进)myEnglishbyreading.Thereisahousebythesea.10about1.大约2.关于3.周围About60studentsareintheclassroomThisbookisaboutChinesehistoryIwanttowalkaboutthisschool11after在 之后Threehoursafter/after10days12of 的。相当于形容词，如beautifulThisisaphotoofmyfather.实战演练：用如下介词填空inafteronforatwithtobehindofbyaboutfromMyfamilyoftenbuyclothesHuaXingstoreweekends.CanyouhelpthechildrenEnglish?Youmaycomeourclub.I‘mlookingsomepresents.HowmanycitiesarethereGreece?--Idon,tknow.Look,thebirdsarethetree!Whenisherbirthday?Ican,tremember…It'sJanuary.Mr.Greenalwaysgoestoworkbus.Hehastogetup6o'clockthemorning.Comeon!I'mhungry.Whatdowehavedinner?Don'teatandreadnight.Thatisbadyourhealth.Whatdoyouthinkthecomputergame?-Oh,itissoexciting.WeliveLondon.Howaboutyou?Wheredoyoucome?12.Sundaymorning,Iusuallysleeplatehome.JackisshorterthanSam,butJackissittingSam.Hereisaphotoyourfamily.Therearen'tmanypeoplethetrainfiveo'clockthemorning.八、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语(少数情况：当动词后面不适宜直接接它自己的对象内容，不可以直接接名词时，基本结构救有可能是：主语+谓语，宾语不一定要有)，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：.一般动词在词尾加―-$"，如：like-likes,tell-tells,play-plays等；.以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词加“-©5"，如：guess-guesses,teach-teaches,watch-watches等；.以o结尾的动词一般加“-©5"，如：do-does,go-goes等；.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i,再加“-es^^,如：fly-flies,carry-carries等；.have的三单形式是has。实战演练：用所给词的适当形式填空并分析其句子结构句子类型。TomandMary(come)toChinalastmonth.句子结构： 句子类型： Mike(notgo)tobeduntil12o'clocklastnight.Sohe(get)uplate.句子结构： 句子类型： Mary(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.句子结构： 句子类型： Tom(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.句子结构： 句子类型： XiaoMingcan(swim)well.句子结构： 句子类型： Thereatelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)

句子结构： 句子类型： Whenyou(come)tochina?——Lastyear.句子结构： 句子类型： 8)(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?句子结构： 句子类型： Howmanypeople(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?句子结构： 句子类型： There(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI(have)notimetowatchit.句子结构： 句子类型： 九、have和therebe的区别Therebe：.在某地有某物或某人。主语是单数或不可数名词，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。如Thereisabag,twobooksandthreepensonthedesk..其否定为在be动词后加not，一般疑问句为把be动词提前。Have：而且某人某物作为句子的主语。Ihavetwofriends/Cathasfourlegs.12)astory-bookonthetable.而且某人某物作为句子的主语。Ihavetwofriends/Cathasfourlegs.12)astory-bookonthetable.13)anyflowersinthevase?14)Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?15)Myparentssomenicepictures.16)somemapsonthewall.17)amapoftheworldonthewall.18)Davidatelescope.19)David’sfriendssometents.20)manychildrenonthehill..其否定与疑问句和其他主谓宾结构一致。实战演练：1)Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.2)atelescopeonthedesk.3)Heatape-recorder.4)abasketballintheplayground.Shesomedresses.Theyanicegarden.Whatdoyou?8)areading-roominthebuilding?9)WhatdoesMike?10)anybooksinthebookcase?11)Myfatherastory-book.十、助动词的用法助动词，就是帮助动词完成疑问及否定的，本身没有什么含义，也不能在简单句中做谓语成分。主要的助动词包括：do/does/did/be/can/could/shall/should/must/nees（can等事实上也是情态动词，为了好简单记忆，我把can等情态动词也放在一起讨论）只有实意动词（暂且认为动词分为Be动词与实意动词）作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及主谓一致原则。eg:IlikeEnglishalot.

MichaellikesChinesefoodverymuch.2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为三单时，要使用does;当主语为非三单时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkanglikesmath.——Kangkangdoesn'tlikemath.Theylikesports. Theydon'tlikesports.3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：MichaellikesChineseFood.——DoesMichaellikeChinesefood?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.JaneandHelenlikemusic.——DoJandandHelenlikemusic?Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.一、情态动词的规则：由情态动词can,may,will，shall等构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把can,may,will，shall提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可.变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可.例如：肯定句：Shecanswim. 一般疑问句：Cansheswim? 否定句：Shecannotswim.实战演练：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.实战演练：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： Therewereaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句： 一般疑问句： Hecanswimwell否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 对划线部分提问： LastweekIreadanEnglishbook.否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定/否定回答： 对划线部分提问： Mybrotherwasintheparkjustnow.否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 十一、现在分词、动名词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形（原形做谓语，既要表示动做又不能用原型，所以只能用现在分词），构成如下：一）一般在后加口ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再力口ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再力口ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于注：有时候虽然也是ing形式，但是并不表示某个动作，而是把动词名词化了，比如swimmingisagoodsportforus/Playingbaskedtballisquiteinteresting.实战演练：(play)basketballisreallygoodforus.Myfatherlikes(sing)somuch.Look!LiLeiis(cook)himselfnow.(be)friendlytootherswillmakeyouhappy.MyfriendLiMingenjoys(dance).Whatabout(take)awalkafterschool.amnotgoodat(write).Thereisa(swim)pool(池子)inmyschool.(walk)inthepark,heissingingsohappily.Whatdoyouthinkof(have)lunchnow?十二、情态动词情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。①can,could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)2)表示请求和允许。 CanIgonow? Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.3)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Thiscan,tbedonebyhim.②may,might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can,t或mustn,t，表示“不可以，禁止”。——Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?——No,youmustn't.——May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?——Yes,youcan.(No,youcan't/mustn't.)用MayI…？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI…？在口语中更常见。③must,haveto1)表示必须、必要。Youmustcomeintime.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn't,don'thaveto(不必).——Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?——Yes,youmust.——No,youdon'thaveto/youneedn't.must是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，haveto有更多的时态形式。heplayisn'tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.实战演练：10MrWangbeinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.A.mustn,tB.maynotC.can,tD.needn't-MustIstayathome,Mum? --No,you_.A.needn,tB.mustn,tC.don,t D.maynot-Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?--Sorry,Ican't.Itakecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.CanB.mayC.wouldD.haveto-MayIgotothecinema,Mum?--Certainly.Butyoubebackby11o,clock.A.canB.MayC.must D.needTomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn,tbethrownB.mustn,tbethrowC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrow-MayIgoouttoplaybasketball,Dad?--No,you.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn,tB.maynotC.couldn,tD.needn't-WhereisJack,please?--Hebeinthereadingroom.A.can B.needC.would D.must-Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?--No,itbehim.MrLiismuchtaller.A.musn,tB.maynotC.can,t D.needn't-Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?--Sure,butyouhelpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.can B.mayC.must D.Could十三、时态1、一般现在时：表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be动词：She5saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn5taworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican,tplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon5twanttoeatanytomatoes./Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn,thaveawatch.实战演练2、现在进行时：表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.I,mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I,mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn,twritingaletter.They,relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren,tlisteningtothepopmusic.3、一般过去时：和一般现在时一样，只是把里面的be动词或谓语动词修改为相应的过去式实战演练：Whattimehisfather(do)thework?He(get)upatfiveo,clock.you(brush)yourteetheverymorning.What(do)heusually(do)afterschool?Tom(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.11Kittysometimes(go)totheparkwithhissister.Ateightatnight,she(watch)TVwithherparents.Mike(read)Englisheveryday?Howmanylessonsyourclassmates(have)onMonday?Weoften(play)footballintheplayground.There(be)agirland2boysintheclassroom.Myfatherandmother(be)bothteachers.I(see)himintheparkyesterday.Lastyear,Myfather(gave)meabookaboutscience.(can)yougiveadictionary?(do)hehavelunch?Look!Thereisabird(fly)inthesky.MysisterMaryis(write)wordinherbedroom.Ican,t(go)therewithyou.He(be)lateforschoolyeasterday.十四、句式讲解.陈述句肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)There,sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)否定陈述句a)Thesearen,ttheirbooks.b)Theydon,tlooknice.c)Katedoesn,tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecan'tfindherdoll.e)Thereisn,tacathere.(=There,snocathere.).祈使句肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman./Let,slearnEnglish!否定祈使句a)Don5tbelate.b)Don5thurry..疑问句一般疑问句 b)CanIhelpyou? d)DotheywatchTV?a)IsJimastudent? c)Doesshelikesalad? e)Isshereading?肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否定回答：a)No,heisn5t.b)No,youcan5t.c)No,shedoesn*.d)No,theydon5t.e)No,sheisn5t.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It,sbig./It,ssmall.3)特殊疑问句①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?12

⑥问时间What,sthetime?（=Whattimeisit?）It,saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo,clock./Whendoyouwanttogo?Let,sgoat7:00.⑦问地方Where,smybackpack?It,sunderthetable.⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue./What,syourfavouritecolor?It,sblack.⑨问人物Who,sthat?It,smysister./Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn'tatschool?PeterandEmma./WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩问东西What,sthis/that（inEnglish）?It,sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.问姓名What5syouraunt5sname?HernameisHelen./She5sHelen.问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.问字母Whatletterisit?It,sbigD/smallf.问价格Howmucharethesepants?They,re15dollars.问电话号码What,syourphonenumber?It,s576-8349.问谓语（动作）What,shedoing?He,swatchingTV.问职业（身份）Whatdoyoudo?Tmateacher./What,syourfather?He,sadoctor.实战演练：一、根据要求填写相应的疑问词1.isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister..areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou.1.isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister..areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou..doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday..hasabeautifulflower?Johnhasabeautifulflower..arethey?Theyaremyparents..ismymother?Sheisinthelivingroom..areyougoing?Wearegoingtothebakery（面包坊）..doJimandWendyplayball?Theyplayballintheafternoon..doeshejog?Hejogsinthepark.二、按要求改写句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.（改为否定句） Idomyhomeworkeveryday.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）Shelikesmilk.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）Amylikesplayingcomputergames.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）Wegotoschooleverymorning.（改为否定句） He speaks Englishverywell.（改为否定句） Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（对划线部分提问） .areyoufrom?I'mfromChangchuncity..studentsinyourclass?20..areyourfather?38yearsold..willyoustayinBeijing?10days..isitfromChangshatoGuangzhou?About400kilometers..doesthebookcost?40Yuan..fatherisascientistinourclass?Lilei,s..appledoyoulikebest?Thisone..willBarrygobacktoschoolfrombeijing?In10day.JohncomesfromCanada.（对划线部分提问） Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?（肯定回答）Ihavemanybooks.（改为否定句）GaoShan'ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis.（改为否定句）ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork.（改为一般疑问句） IwatchTVeveryday.（改为一般疑问句）13

13疑问句，并做否定回答）7.Isitaredtomato?（改为复数句）8.Thatisqyfamilyphoto.（改为复数句）二、就画线部分提问9.Thesupermarketisneartheschool.1.MyfriendTomusuallygoestoseeactionmovieson10.Thelaptop（笔记本电脑）isonthetable.weekends.（就画线部分提问）11.Jenniferhasapairofearrings（耳环）.2.Tomhasaredjacketandabluesweater.（就画线部分提12.Theflowersareintheflowerpot（花盆）.问）13.Mygrandpatook-ustothezoo.3.Mom’skeysareinthedrawer.（就画线部分提问）14.Iputthegoldfish（金鱼）intothefishtank（鱼缸）.Theyellowhatis10dollars.（就画线部分提问）My-grandfatherlikesdocumentaries.（改为否定句）Mymotherusuallygoestoseeactionmovies.（改为一般完形填空练习Ianastudent.Myname_1—Sarah.I,mfromAmerica.Mymumanddad_2—inamiddleschool.Theygotoworkonweekdays.Ihaveabrother,heisastudent,too.Buthedoesn,tlikeplayingsoccer,—3 Istudyatthesameschool_4—mybrother.Wecometoschool_5—seventhirty.We―6_ourhomeworkintheevening.We-7-fourlessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Sometimesmybrother_8—gamesonthecomputer.WelikeChinese,musicandsome_9—subjects.WearegoodatEnglish.Weoftenhelpmyfriends_10—English.1.A.callB.isC.calls;D.writes6.A.helpB.haveC.doD.does2.A.teachesB.teachC.teachingD.areteaching7.A.haveB.hasC.tohaveD.having3.A.tooB.andC.either D.or8.A.playB.playswithC.playingD.plays4.A.withB.forC.to D.and9.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers5.A.inB.toC.from D.at10.A.studiesB.studyC.withstudyD.studyingWehavemanyvegetables.Theyare 36 ,carrotsandbroccoli.Vegetableshavemany 37 Theyareusuallygreen,red,yellow_38white.The39—vegetablesarethebest.We40—manygreenvegetableseveryday.Vegetablesaregoodforus.Theyare 41 food.Wecanmakevegetablesalad.Ihavesomevegetablesalad_42—breakfast.MysisterLucyisabaseballplayer.She_43—toeatfruitbest.Sheeats_44fruitsaladeveryday.Shemakesitwith 45 .36.A.hamburgersB.tomatoesC.bananas37.A.colorsB.namesC.kinds38.A.butB.andC.so39.A.whiteB.yellowC.green40.A.wantB.sellC.eat41.A.healthyB.ChineseC.happy42.A.atB.inC.for43.A.enjoysB.likesC.has44.A.muchB.manyC.alittle45.A.vegetablesB.saladC.fruit阅读理解练习Oneday,Mr.Smithwenttoadinnerparty.Hewaswearingveryoldclothes.Hecameintotheroom.Butpeopleintheroomdidn,tlookathim.Theydidn,taskhimtositatthetable.Hewasn,thappy.Buthesaidnothing.14Mr.Smithwenthomequicklyandputon(穿上)hisbestclothes.Hewentbacktotheparty.Everyoneintheroomstoodupandlookedathim.Theygavehimgoodfoodtoeat.Mr.Smithtookoffhiscoat,andputitonthefoodandsaid,“Eat,coat!”Theotherpeopleweresurprisedandasked,“Whatareyoudoing?Whydoyoudothat?”Mr.Smithanswered,“Iamaskingmycoattoeatfood.WhenIworeoldclothes,youdidn,tlookatme.Youdidn,taskmetositdown.NowIamwearingtheseniceclothes.Andyougivemegoodfood.NowIsee,yougivethefoodtomycoat,nottome.”( )1.Oneday,Mr.Smithwentto.A.abirthdayparty B.adinnerpartyC.anEnglishparty D.amovie( )2.Whenhecameintotheroom,thepeopledidn,tlookathim.Why?A.Becausethepeopledidn,taskhimtocome.B.BecauseMr.Smithworeoldclothes.C.BecauseMr.Smithdidn,tsayhellotothemfirst.D.Becauseitwasnight,theydidn'tseehim.( )3.Whydidhegohomequickly?A.Becausehedidn,twanttostayhere.B.Becausehewenthomeforhisbestclothes.C.Becausethepeoplethereaskedhimtoleave.D.Becausehedidn,tlikethefoodthere.( )4.What,sthemeaningof—surprised”inChinese?A.高兴的 B.不满的C.感到奇怪的 D.生气的( )5.Whichstatementisright?A.Apersoningoodclothesshouldeatgoodfood.B.Agoodcoatshouldeatgoodfood.C.Wecan,tjudge®1断)amanbyhisclothes.D.Mr.Smithisstupid(愚蠢的).Itwasverycold.Itsnowedheavilyandblewverystrongly.Itwasnotagoodnighttogoout.ButDavidhadtowalkhomefromwork—Icanbewarmer,"hethought,“Iwearmycoatbackwards①.”Hetookoffhiscoatandputitonbackwards.“That,smuchbetter.”Hethoughtandwalked