国际贸易实务(英文版)专门讲 International trade Terms

InternationalTradeTermsMainpointstobeunderstoodinthischapter1.Definitionandroleofinternationaltradeterms2.Applicationof8tradeterms3.3maintradetermsandtheirderivedforms〔衍生的形式〕4.Comparisonamongdifferentterms开篇案例：吴先生在商场购置彩电，29吋彩电的标价是“1888元，送货上门〞解读“送货上门〞：商场负责安排市内运输,搬运到家——责任〔responsibility)商场承担彩电上门以前的风险——风险(risk)商场支付市内运费——费用〔expense〕交货地点-上门----物权转移〔transferringofownership)

“送货上门〞是针对“1888元〞这项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分。１、THEDEFINITIONOFTRADETERMS〔贸易术语的定义〕:P46FOBLONDONCIFJIUJIANG

Thetradeterms,aretheshorttermsorabbreviationsorbriefEnglishconcept(3EnglishcharactersinIncoterms2000)toindicate/explainthecomposition/formationofaunitprice，standingforspecificobligationsofthebuyerandtheseller.返回目录１、THEROLESOFTRADETERMS〔贸易术语的作用〕:P462)Thetradetermsusedinacontracthavethefunctionofnamingtheexactpointatwhichtheownershipofthemerchandiseistransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.3〕Theuseoftradetermsgreatlysimplifiesthecontractnegotiations,andthussavestimeandcost.1〕Thetradetermscandefinetheresponsibilities/(rightsandobligations),risksandexpensesofboththesellerandthebuyer.１、THEROLESOFTRADETERMS〔贸易术语的作用〕:5)Tradetermsofferrulestosettledisputesinthefulfillmentofcontract.4〕TradetermsarebeneficialforthecalculationofpriceTHEMOSTINFLUENTIALTRADEUSAGES1、Warsaw-OxfordRules(W.O.Rules)1932?华沙牛津公约?2、RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941?1941美国对外贸易定义修订本?3、InternationalRulesFortheInterpretationofTradeTerms?国际贸易术语解释通那么?(InternationalCommercialTerms-INCOTERMS)Ithasbeenamendedandrevisedin1953,1982,1990and2000BriefIntroductionofCustomPracticeNameIssuedbyEstablishingtime

tradeterms《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》(RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941)美国商业团体AmericancommercialgroupsIn1919ExPointofOrigin,ExDock.FOB,FASVessel,C&F,CIF《1932年华沙—牛津规则》（Warsaw-OxfordRules）国际法协会InternationalLawInstituteIn1928CIF《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms)INCOTERMS2000国际商会InternationalChamberofCommerceIn1936E、F、C、D四组13个贸易术语ItismainlyusedtoindicatethenatureandcharacteristicoftheCIFcontractandalsotostipulatetheresponsibilitiesoftwopartiesunderCIFterms.(1)Warsaw-Oxfordrules1932?1932华沙-牛津规那么?P47OriginallyTheUSExportQuotationsandAbbreviationsin1919美国出口报价及缩写条例Revisedandrenamedin1941Sixtradeterms:ExPortofOrigin,ExDock,FreeonBoard,FreeAlongSideVessel,Cost&Freight,Cost,InsuranceandFreight.ApplicableintheUSA,CanadaandothercountriesinAmerica.(2)RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941

1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本P47(3)InternationalCommercialTerms

贸易术语解释通那么P48AlsoabbreviatedasIncotermsEstablishedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)in1936,revisedin1953,1982,1990and2000.AimedatprovidinguniformrulesfortheinterpretationoftradetermsE组启运EXW

EXWorks工厂交货FCAFreeCarrier

货交承运人

FAS

FreeAlongsideShip

船边交货FOB

FreeOnBoard

装运港船上交货F组主运费未付C组主运费已付D组到达CFRCostandFreight

成本加运费CIF

Cost,Insurance

成本加保险费、

andFreight

运费CPTCarriagePaidTo

运费付至CIP

Carriageand

InsurancePaidToDAF

DeliveredAtFrontier

边境交货DES

DeliveredExShip

目的港船上交货

DEQDeliveredExQuay

目的港码头交货DDU

DeliveredDutyUnpaidDDPDeliveredDutyPaid

完税后交货未完税交货

运费、保险费付至适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运同上适用于海运及内河运输同上适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运同上同上同上同上同上同上适用于海运及内河运输适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运?2000年通那么?四组术语(共13种)任何方式卖方卖方指定目的地货交买方处置时卖方DDP任何方式买方卖方指定目的地货交买方处置时卖方DDU水上运输买方卖方目的港码头货交买方处置时卖方DEQ水上运输买方卖方目的港船上货交买方处置时卖方DES任何方式买方卖方边境指定地点货交买方处置时不确定DAF任何方式买方卖方出口国内地、港口货交承运人处置时卖方CIP任何方式买方卖方出口国内地、港口货交承运人处置时卖方CPT水上运输买方卖方货物越过装运港船舷卖方CIF水上运输买方卖方货物越过装运港船舷卖方CFR水上运输买方卖方货物越过装运港船舷买方FOB水上运输买方卖方装运港货交船边后买方FAS任何方式买方卖方出口国内地货交承运人处置时买方FCA任何方式买方买方商品经营所在地(工厂〕交货买方处置时买方EXW适用的运输方式进口报关责任、费用由谁负担出口报关责任、费用由谁负担风险转移界限主要运费由谁承担贸易术语3.AguideE-termtoIncoterm2000EXW

ExWorks(…namedplace)工厂交货P50Exworksmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehasmadethegoodsavailableathispremises(i.e.works,factory,warehouse,etc.)tothebuyer.Inparticular,heisnotresponsibleforloadingthegoodsonthevehicleprovidedbythebuyerorforclearingthegoodsforexport.

TRADETERMSININCOTERMS2000US$100perdozenEXWNingboTRADETERMSININCOTERMS2000EXWExWorks(…namedplace)工厂交货按E组术语成交的合同属启运合同/发货合同，按E组术语成交，卖方在自已的地点〔工厂仓库等所在地〕为买方备妥货物，即在其工厂仓库所在地将货物交付至买方即履行了交货义务。

Theseller’sobligationsprovisionofgoodsincompliancewiththecontractcostofbasicpackingnoticetothebuyerassistanceoncustomsformalities〔手续〕risksbeforedeliveryThebuyer’sobligationspaymentforgoodslicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalities，customsdutiesrisksafterdeliveryfreightandinsuranceTakingdelivery(收货〕……KeyPoints(1)Thesellerdoesn’tholdanyresponsibilitiesoftheexportandimport(4)Thebuyershouldpayany,

othertaxesandallcostsinobtainingthedocumentsrequiredforthepurposeofandexportation.clearances.(2)Thesellerminimizeshisobligationswhilethebuyerobtainsthegoodsatthepossibleprice.lowest

(3)Theresponsibilitiesofthebuyeraremoreextensive;hemustpayforthegoodsandbearalltheofthegoodsfromthetimewhenthegoods

havebeenplacedathisdisposal.risksandexpensescustomsdutiesimportationTRADETERMSININCOTERMS2000FCAFreeCarrier(…namedplace)货交承运人

FASFreeAlongsideShip(…namedportofshipment)

装运港船边交货FOBFreeOnBoard…namedportofshipment)

装运港船上交货GroupFMainCarriageunpaid〔主要运费未付〕称为装运合同FCAFreeCarrier货交承运人

〔……指定地点〕FreeCarrier

meansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakethegoodsintohischarge.USD130PERM/TFCANINGBOKeyPoints(3)Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsistransferredfromthesellertothebuyeratthetimethegoodsattheprescribedplace.(1)Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthe(2)Thesellermustprovideexportlicensesandgothroughandsupplythegoodsattheprescribedplace.modeoftransport;customsclearancethecarriernominatedbythebuyeracceptsFCA术语练习案例分析：我宁波A公司与韩国B公司以FCA义乌成交皮鞋一批，B公司及时派来装运车辆，并要求A公司将皮鞋装上指定的装运车辆，A公司认为按FCA术语成交，装货应由买方负责，拒绝装货。试分析此案例。KeyPoints(4)Itshouldbenotedthatthechosenplaceofdeliveryhasanimpactontheobligationsofloadingandunloadingthegoodsatthatplace.Ifdeliveryoccursattheseller’spremises,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.Ifdeliveroccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.

P51FAS---FreeAlongsideShip船边交货

〔……指定装运港P52〕FreeAlongsideShipmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenplacedalongsidethevesselonthequayorinthelighters(驳船〕atthenamedportofshipment.

US$100perdozenFASNingboKeyPoints(TORF)

(1)Thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatthenamedportofshipment.(2)Thistermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.(itisquitedifferentfromthepreviousIncoterms(Incoterms1990).(3)Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.FAS术语练习

FAS术语买卖双方义务有：A、卖方办理出口清关手续；B、买方负责将货物装上指定的船上；C、卖方必须提供相关的运输单据；D、买方办理进口清关手续；ABD

FOB,FreeonBoard(…NamedportofShipment)

指定装运港船上交货

Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyhavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallexpensesandrisksofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.SuchasFOBShanghaiorFOBHamburg

Theseller’sobligationsProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractProofofdelivery,

Exportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesforexport,basicpackingDeliveryofthegoodsonboardtheshipExpensesandrisksbeforethegoods’passingtheship’srailNoticetothebuyerThebuyer’sobligationsPaymentforgoodsImportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesContractofcarriageandinsuranceTakingdeliveryExpensesandrisksafterthegoods’passingtheship’srailNoticetothesellerFOB…〔NAMEDPORTOFSHIPMENT〕

〔装运港〕船上交货FOB…〔NAMEDPORTOFSHIPMENT〕

〔装运港〕船上交货卖方风险在船舷转移卖方办出口手续海运买方负责运输、运费、进口手续目的港KeyPoints(1)Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthesegoodspassovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.(2)Thebuyermustpaythefreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination(arrival).(3)Thistermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.(4)Thistermcanbeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.THEVARIATIONOFFOBTRADETERMP54Inordertoindicatewhoshallbeartheloadingcharges,therearefourvariationsofFOB:P541、FOBlinerterms班轮条件：装船费用按班轮做法,卖方不需另行支付2、FOBundertackle吊钩下交货：卖方将货物置于买方指派船只的吊钩所及处，从货物起吊开始的装船费用由买方负担。3、FOBstowed包括理舱：卖方将货物装入船舱并承担理舱费在内的装船费用。4、FOBtrimmed包括平舱：卖方将货物装入船舱并承担平舱费在内的装船费用。凡FOB后未加“理舱〞和“平舱〞字样者，那么理舱和平舱的费用，卖方不予负担。FOB+装运港〔portofshipment)交货点：装运港船上风险划分点：装运港船舷为界费用划分点：装运港船舷为界〔运费、保费、其他〕报关出口卖方，进口买方使用FOB术语时应注意的问题

接上页买方发“充分通知〞船货衔接卖方发“及时通知〞只适用海运或内河航运装船费的负担—四种变形船先到：造成空舱〔deadfreight〕船后到：增加货物仓储费；船及时到、货迟到：造成空舱使用FOB术语时应注意的问题FOB术语练习1、按照FOB术语，卖方承担的义务有：A、取得进口许可证或官方证件，办理进口报关手续；B、取得出口许可证或官方证件，办理出口报关手续；C、按照通常条件订立运输合同，在规定的期限内在装运港将合同规定的货物装上船；D、提交商业发票或相等的电子信息。BD2、按照?2000通那么?对FOB术语解释，买方负责：A、办理进口报关手续；B、办理出口报关手续；C、订立运输合同；D、货物海运途中的灭失风险；ACD3、我某出口公司按FOB条件出口一批货物,采用程租船运输,如我出口方不愿承担装货费用,应采用A.

FOBLinerTems〔FOB班轮条件〕B.

FOBUnderTackle〔FOB吊钩下交货〕C.

FOBStowed〔船上交货并理舱〕D.

FOBTrimmed〔船上交货并平舱〕BConclusionF组术语，称主运费未付〔MainCarriageUnpaid〕术语。按F组术语成交，买方负责订立运输合同，支付运费，卖方在合同规定的装运地/港将货物交付至买方指定的承运人/船边/船上，即履行了交货义务，按F组术语成交的合同属主运费未付的装运合同。TRADETERMSININCOTERMS2000GroupCMainCarriagePaidCFRCostandFreight(namedportofdestination)CIFCost,InsuranceandFreight(…namedportofdestination)CPTCarriagePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)CIPCarriageAndInsurancePaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)

C组术语为主运费已付术语〔MainCarriagePaid〕按C组术语成交，卖方负责订立运输合同，支付运费，(其中CIF、CIP的卖方须办理货物运输保险，支付保险费)，卖方在合同规定的装运港/地将货物交付至船上或承运人，即履行了交货义务。按C组术语成交的合同，也属装运合同按C组术语成交的合同属主运费已付的装运合同CFR(COSTANDFREIGHT，…NAMEDPORTOFDESTINATION)本钱加运费(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellershallundertakethecostandfreightnecessarytocarrythegoodstothenamedportofdestination,buttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportofshipment．P54返回目录CFR…NAMEDPORTOFDESTINATION

在装运港船上交货卖方承担运费卖方办理租船订舱、出口手续买方负责进口手续目的港买方风险在船舷转移海运

CFR:CostandFreight(…namedportofdestination)

Theseller’sobligations

ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractExportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesforexportBasicpackingContractofcarriageDeliveryRisksbeforethegoods’passingtherailofthevesselNoticetothebuyerProofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessageThebuyer’sobligationsPaymentforgoodsContractofinsuranceImportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesCargoinsuranceRisksandadditionalcostsafterthegoods’passingtheship’srailTakingdelivery

CFR变形—卸货费用loadingcharges的负担问题CFRLinerTerms〔班轮条件〕卸货费按班轮方法处理，一般由卖方负担，即买方不负担卸货费。CFRExShip’sHold〔舱底交货〕货物到达码头后，买方自行启舱，并负担货物从舱底到码头的费用。CFRLanded〔卸到岸上〕卖方负担将货物卸到目的地港按上的卸货费。CFR术语练习1、我某出口公司按CFR条件出口一批货物,采用程租船运输,如我出口方不愿承担卸货费用,应采用:〔〕A．CFRLinerTermsB．CFRLandedC．CFRExShip’sHoldCC案例分析我某公司按CFR术语与英国A客户签约成交，合同规定保险由买方自理。我方于9月1日凌晨2点装船完毕，受载货轮于当日下午起航。因9月1、2日是周末，我方未及时向买方发出装船通知。3日上班收到买方急电称：货轮于2日下午4时遇难漂浮，货物灭失，要求我方赔偿全部损失。试分析此案例。CFR术语下，卖方有义务在装船后24小时内，及时向买方发出已装船通知以供对方办理保险，否那么因卖方没有及时向买方发装运通知而耽误办理保险所造成的损失均由卖方承担。AmerchantinSouthAmericaplacedanorderwithaChineseexportcompanyforacertaincommodityonCFRAsuncion(亚松森)terms.andthetransactionwassoonconcluded.Whenshippingthegoods,however,thiscompanycametorealizethatAsuncionisaninlandcity.Aswasthecase,ifthecompanyhadthegoodstransportedtoAsuncion,ithadto,firstofall,havethegoodstransportedbyseatoaseaportinArgentinaorsomeotherSouthAmericanneighboringcountry.Afterthat,thegoodsmightbetransportedtoAsuncionthroughrivertransportationorinlandtransportation.Asaresult,thiscompanyhadtopayaconsiderablesumoffreight.Whatcanwelearnfromthiscase?CASEInthiscasethelosswascausedsimplybecauseoftheignoranceonthepartoftheexporter.Whatwecanlearnfromthiscaseisthat,whenofferingabroad,wemustmakeexactcalculationsofthetotalfreightandotherrelevantcharges.Mostimportantly,itisverybeneficialforeveryexportertolearngeographywellininternationaltrade.ANSWER

1、CFR术语下风险划分点是装运港船舷，运费付到目的港2、CFR后接目的港3、卖方的装运义务卖方一般负责装货，不负责目的港的卸货费用，但在定期班轮的船运条件下，卖方支付定期班轮的运费时已包含目的港的卸货费用。4、装船通知的作用(ShippingNotice)按照CFR条件达成的交易，货物装船后必须及时向买方发出装船通知，以便买方办理投保手续。如果货物在运输途中遭受损失或灭失，由于卖方未发出通知而使买方漏保，那么卖方就不能以风险在船舷转移为由免除责任。CFR应该注意的问题CIF(COST，INSURANCEANDFREIGHT，…NAMEDPORTOFDESTINATION)本钱加保险费、运费(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellerhastheobligationtoeffectmarineinsuranceagainsttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.返回目录CIF(COST，INSURANCEANDFREIGHT，…NAMEDPORTOFDESTINATION)Theseller’sobligationsP55ProvisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontractBasicpackingExportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesContractofcarriageandinsurance

DeliveryRisksbeforethegoods’passingtheship’srailNoticetothebuyerProofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessage

Thebuyer’sobligationsPaymentforgoodsImportlicenses,officialdocumentsandcustomsformalitiesTakingdeliveryRisksafterthegoods’passingtheship’srailTakingdeliveryCIF〔…NAMEDPORTOFDESTINATION〕在装运港船上交货卖方承担运费和保险卖方办理租船订舱、投保、出口手续买方负责进口手续目的港买方风险在船舷转移