苔丝专题教育课件

12英语五班赵喜喜王浙科陈莹吴园The20thCenturyModernPeriod:fromthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandtheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury.TheSocialBackground:theinfluenceofthetwoWorldWarsontheEnglishliterature:Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism.TheFirstWorldWarandtheSecondWorldWarhadgreatlyinfluencedtheEnglishliterature.ThecatastrophicFirstWorldWartremendouslyweakenedtheBritishEmpireandbroughtaboutgreatsufferingstoitspeopleaswell.Itsappallingshockseverelydestroyedpeople'sfaithinVictorianvalues;thepostwareconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusionproducedaprofoundimpactupontheBritishpeople,whocametoseetheprevalentwretchednessincapitalism.TheWorldWarmarkedthelaststageofthedisintegrationoftheBritishEmpire.Britishsufferedheavylossesinthewar:thousandsofpeoplewerekilled;theeconomywasruined;andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost.Peoplewereineconomic,culture,andbeliefcrises.IdeologicalBackground:Theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.AftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared:symbolism,expressionism,surrealism,cubism,futurism,Dadaism,imagismandstreamofconsciousness.

Towardsthe1920s,thesetrendsconvergedintoamightytorrentofmodernistmovement,whichsweptacrossthewholeofEuropeandAmerica.AftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony."The20thCenturyThe20thCenturyModernEnglishPoetry:

The20thcenturyhaswitnessedagreatachievementinEnglishpoetry.Itis,insomesense,arevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry.Themodernistpoetsfoughtagainsttheromanticfuzzinessandself-indulgedemotionalism,advocatingnewideasinpoetry-writingsuchastousethelanguageofcommonspeech,tocreatenewrhythmsastheexpressionofanewmood.ThomasHardywasoneoftheimportantrealisticpoetsintheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.ImagismleftanotableimpactonthedevelopmentofEnglishpoetry.ThetwomostimportantEnglishmodernistpoetsareW.B.YeatsandT.S.Eliot.Theyadvocatedtoallowabsolutefreedominchoosingsubjects,andtousehard,clearandpreciseimagesinpoems.

ModernEnglishNovels:Novelputemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters’psychologicalactivities,andsohassometimesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfiction.ThetheoryoftheFreudianandJungianpsycho-analysisplayedaparticularlyimportantrole.OneofitspioneersisD.H.Lawrence,whoiswell-knownforhisnovelswrittenundertheinfluenceofFreud’stheoryofpsychologicalanalysis.

The“stream-of-consciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“thefluxofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill.”WriterslikeJamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfconcentratedalltheireffortsondiggingintothehumanconsciousness.Theyhadcreatedunprecedentedstream-of-consciousnessnovelssuchasPilgrimagebyRichardson,UlyssesbyJoyce,andMrs.DallowaybyWoolf.Modernistnovelscametoadeclineinthe1930s.AftertheSecondWorldWar,modernismhadanotherupsurgewiththeriseofexistentialism.Butitwasreflectedmainlyindrama.

The20thCenturyThe20thCenturyModernEnglishDrama:Themostcelebrateddramatistsinthelastdecadeofthe19thcenturywereOscarWildeandGeorgeBernardShaw.ShawisamoreimportantfigureindramathanWilde.Heisconsideredtobethebest-knownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare.Inhisplays,Shawlaidbarethegrossinjusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeoissociety.HisexposureofthecapitalistsocietyisverysignificantanditplacesShawamongthemostimportantrepresentativesofcriticalrealisminmodernEnglishliterature.

ThomasHardy

(1840-1928)

--Englishpoetandnovelistofrealism.

Life:Hardyspenthisearlylifeinthechurchchoirwithhisfather.HehasstudiedarchitectureinLondonforfiveyearsWorkasanarchitectinhisnativelandBeginhisliterarycareerasapoetTurntowritingnovelsAtabout60returntopoetrywriting托马斯哈代

ThomasHardywasbornonJune2,1840inDorset,England.Throughouthislife,hewouldrememberthishouseandfrequentlyvisitit.ThomasHardy'sHomeThomasHardy'sStatueHardy’sfirstwifeEmmaLaviniaGifford

hissecondwifeFlorenceEmilyDugdale

In1914,HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale,whowas39yearshisjunior.DuetoFlorence’scare,Hardycouldremainhealthyandcontinuehiswritingcareer.MajorworksHardyhimselfdividedhisnovelsintothreegroups:1.NovelsofCharacter&Environment2.NovelsofRomances&Fantasies3.NovelsofIngenuity1.NovelsofCharacterandEnvironment

（性格与环境小说）ThePoorManandtheLady(1867,unpublishedandlost)《穷汉与贵妇人》UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)《绿树荫下》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874)《远离尘嚣》TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886)《卡斯特桥市长》Tessofthed'Urbervilles(1891)《德伯家旳苔丝》

JudetheObscure(1895)《无名旳裘德》2.RomancesandFantasies

（传奇与幻想小说）APairofBlueEyes(1873)《一双蓝眼睛》TwoonaTower(1882)《塔里旳两个人》

TheWell-Beloved(1897)(firstpublishedasaserialfrom1892)《心爱旳人》

mainlytalkaboutromanticlovestories.3.NovelsofIngenuity

（机巧和试验小说）DesperateRemedies(1871)《铤而走险》TheHandofEthelberta(1876)《埃塞尔伯塔旳婚姻》ALaodicean(1881)《冷漠旳人》Featuresofhisworks1.Hardyisagreatpainterofnature.Inhishand,thewessexprairiecomestolife,withitsowncolor,temper,mystery,omen,andforceofdestruction.Itisasmuchalivingcharacterasmenandwomeninthenovels.2.Instyle,Hardyisatraditionalist,althoughthereareobvioustraitsofmodernisminthematicmatters.Almostallhisworksareperfectlystructuredandwellplotted.Therusticdialectheightensitslocalorregionalcolor.Theyarealsonotedforthedetailedandpoeticdescriptionofthecharacter’sinnerlife—theirdesires,passions,andsufferings,etc.—anditsreflectionintheenvironment.Hardy’spoetry:Hardy’spoetryiscommonlyreferredtoaspessimisticandwasnotreceivedwellduringhislifetime.OneofthemostcommonelementsseenthroughoutHardy’spoetryishisuseofautobiographicalinformationwithinthepoems.Hardy’sNovelsHardy’snovelsareallVictorianindate.MostofthemaresetinWessex,thefictionalprimitiveandcruderuralregionwhichisreallythehomeplacehebothlovesandhates.Theyareknownforthevividdescriptionofthevicissitudes(变迁；兴衰)ofpeoplewholiveinanagriculturalsettingmenacedbytheforcesofinvadingcapitalism.Hisbestlocal-coloredworksarehislaterones,whichareknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment”,arethemostrepresentativeofhimasbothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriter.InmanyofHardy’snovels,theconflictbetweenthetraditionalandthemodernisbroughttothecenterofthestage.Hardy’sNovelsAchievementsThomasHardybecameknownasaprominentnovelistandpoetinBritishandAmericanliterature,andheisthemostimportantrepresentativeoftheEnglishliterature.Tessofthed'Urbervilles(1891)TessDurbeyfield—Theprotagonist,eldestdaughterinapoorruralworkingfamily.AngelClare—Thethirdsonofaclergyman;Tess'shusbandandtruelove.HerejectsTessontheirweddingnightwhensheconfessesthatsheisn'tavirgin,eventhoughhe,neither,hasengagedinpremaritalsex.Alecd'Urberville—ThesonofMrs.d'Urberville.HeeitherrapesorseducesTesswhensheisnomorethansixteenorseventeenyearsold,andlaterpursuesherrelentlessly.JohnDurbeyfield—Tess'sfather,apedlarinMarlottvillagewhoisalazyalcoholic.JoanDurbeyfield—Tess'shardworkingmotherwhohasapracticaloutlookonlife.Thisincludesbeingpreparedtouseherdaughterforherowngains.MaincharactersMainplot:

ItcameintoconflictwithVictorianmorality.

exploredthedarksideofhisfamilyconnectionsinBerkshire.InthestorythepoorvillagergirlTessDurbeyfieldisseducedandrapedbythewealthyAlecD’Urberville.Then,shebecamepregnantbutthechilddiedininfancy.AfterthatTessleftherhomeandfoundworkasadairymaidonafarminanothervillageandfellinlovewithAngelClare,aclergyman’sson.TheymarriedbutwhenTesstoldAngelaboutherpast,hehypocritically（伪善地）

desertedher.TessbecameAlec’smistress.AngelreturnedfromBrazil,repentinghisharshness,butfoundherlivingwithAlec.TesskilledAlecindesperation,shewasarrestedandhanged.

《德伯家旳苔丝》

《德伯家旳苔丝》讲述旳是一种纯洁质朴、聪明漂亮旳农村姑娘被逼得走头无路，终于杀人旳故事。小说一开始，苔丝替她爸爸赶马车去城里送货，黑夜里她旳马车与邮车相撞，把家里旳老马弄死了。苔丝闯了大祸，出于一种赎罪心理，来到杜伯维尔家去做工，以贴补家用。杜伯维尔家少爷阿列克在林中将她奸污。苔丝失贞后来，选择离开阿列克，回到家生下了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿·克莱尔，并与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝旳失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西，苔丝转到另一种农场做工。爸爸死后，房东将她家住旳房子收回。为了不让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔过，忽然回来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作为杀人犯被处以绞刑。

《德伯家旳苔丝》是哈代最著名旳小说，小说旳女主人公苔丝则是哈代所塑造旳最成功旳女性形象。

Tess’slifeexperienceAbeautifulpoorvillagegirl

SeducedbythewealthyAlecRalliedandfellinlovewithClareAfterthewedding,Clarecan’tacceptthetruthandleftBythelifeforceandre-seeAlecTesssentencedtobehangedforshekilledAlecTessisa16-year-oldbeautifulcountrygirl,thedaughterofJohn

Tess,asapurewomanbroughtwithtraditional

ideaofwomanlyvirtues（贞操）,isabusedanddestroyedbybothAlecandAngel,agentsofthedestructiveforceofthesociety.Andthemisery,thepovertyandtheheartfeltpainshesuffersandherfinaltragedygiverisetoamostbittercryofprotestanddenunciationofthesociety.AsHardysayattheendofthestory，“Justicewasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortalshadendedhissportwithTess.”Tofullyunderstandthenovel