公路工程专业词汇翻译

公路highway道路服务水平道路road公路交通规划公路工程highwayengineering交通调查公路网highwaynetwork交通量调查公路网密度highwaydensity交通量观测站公路等级highwayclassification公路自然区划climaticzoningforhighway起迄点调查（OD调查）公路用地highwayright—of-way出行高速公路freeway境内交通等级公路classifiedhighway过境交通辅导reliefroad交通发生干线公路arterialhighway交通分布支线公路feederhighway交通分配专用公路accomodationhighway交通预测国家干线公路（国道）nationaltrunkhighway行车道省级干线公路（省道）provincialtrunkhighway分离式行车道县公路（县道）countyroad车道乡公路（乡道）townshiproad变速车道辐射式公路radialhighway加速车道环形公路ringhighway减速车道绕行公路bypass爬坡车道交通结构trafficstructure停车道交通组成trafficcomposition错车道混合交通mixedtraffic自行车道交通流trafficflow路侧人行道交通流理论trafficflowtheory分隔带车流vehiclestream中央分隔带交通密度trafficdensity中间带车头间距spaceheadway路肩车头时距timeheadway路缘带车间净距vehiculargap路缘石延误delay侧向余宽地点速度spotspeed路拱行驶速度runningspeed路拱横坡运行速度poeratingspeed公路建筑限界临界速度criticalspeed公路路线平均速度averagespeed公路线形计算行车速度（设计车速）designspeed平面线形交通量trafficvolume纵面线形年平均日交通量annualaveragedailytraffic线形要素月平均日交通量monthlyaveragedailytraffic平曲线年第30位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighestannualhourlyvolume极限最小平曲线半径年最大小时交通量maximumannualhourly复曲线设计小时交通量designhourlyvolume反向曲线通行能力trafficcapacity断背曲线基本通行能力basictrafficcapacity回头曲线可能通行能力possibletrafficcapacity缓和曲线设计通行能力designtrafficcapacity竖曲线弯道加宽levelofservicetrafficplanningtrafficsurveytrafficvolumesurveytrafficvolumeobservationstationorigin—destinationstudytriplocaltrafficthroughtraffictrafficgenerationtrafficdistributiontrafficassignmenttrafficprognosiscarriagewaydividedcarriagewaylanespeed-changelaneaccelerationlanedecelerationlaneclimbinglaneparkinglaneturn—outlanecyclepathsidewalklaneseperatormediandividercentralstripshoulder；vergemarginalstripkerb;curblateralclearancecamber；crowncrownslopeclearanceofhighwayhighwayroutehighwayalignmenthorizontalalignmentverticalalignmentalignmentelementshorizontalcurvelimitedminimumradiusofhorizontalcurvecompoundcurvereversecurvebroken—backcurveswitch-backcurvetransitioncurveverticalcurvecurvewidening加宽缓和段transitionzoneofcurve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevationrunoff纵坡longitudinalgradient最大纵坡maximumlongitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimumongitudinalgradient变坡点gradechangepoint平均纵坡averagegradiant坡长限制gradelengthlimitation高原纵坡拆减highlandgradecompensation缓和坡段transitiongradingzone合成坡度resultantgradent视距sightdistance停车视距non—passingsightdistance;超车视距stoppingsightdistancepassingsightdistance道路交叉roadintersection；道口railroadgradecrossing平面交叉at-gradeintersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angleintersection斜交叉skewintersection环形交叉rotaryintersection十字形交叉"+”intersectionT形交叉Tintersection错位交叉offsetintersection；staggeredjunctionY形交叉Yintersection立体交叉gradeseparation分离式立体交叉simplegradeseparation，互通式立体交叉separategradecrossinginterchange首蓿叶形立体交叉fullcloverleafinterchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamondinterchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three—leginterchange环形立体交叉rotaryinterchange匝道ramp交叉口roadcrossing；intersection交叉口进口intersectionentrance交叉口出口intersectionexit加铺转角式交叉口intersectionwithwidened拓宽路口式交叉口cornersflaredintersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weavingsection合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflictpoint交通岛trafficisland导流岛channelizationisland中心岛centralisland安全岛refugeisland沿线设施roadsidefacilities交通安全设施trafficsafetydevice人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrianunderpass人形天桥pedestrianovercrossing护栏guardfence防护栅guardfence，safetybarrier遮光栅anti—dizzlingscreen应急电话emergencytelephone反光标志reflectivesign反光路钮reflectivebutton弯道反光镜trafficmirror道路交通标志roadtrafficsign警告标志warningsign禁令标志regulatorysign指示标志guidesign指路标志informationsign辅助标志auxiliarysign可变信息标志changeablemessagesign路面标线pavementmarking防雪设施snowprotectionfacilities防沙设施sandsprotectionfacilities隔音墙acousticbarrier停车场parkingarea踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibilitystudy线形设计highwayalignmentdesign公路景观设计highwaylandscapedesign选线routeselection路线控制点controlpoint定线location比较线alternativeline展线linedevelopment初测preliminarysurvey定测locationsurvey地貌topographiefcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddleback平原区plainterrain微丘区rollingterrain重丘区hillyterrain山岭区mountainousterrain沿溪线valleyline山脊线ridgeline山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridgecrossingline土方调配cut—filltransition土方调配图cut-filltransitionprogram土方调配经济运距economicalhaulingdistance导线traverse导线测量traversesurvey中线centerline中线测量centerlinesurvey施工测量constructionsurvey竣工测量finalsurvey（路线）平面图plan交点intersectionpoint虚交点imaginaryintersectionpoint转点turningpoint转角intersectionangle方位角azimuthangle象限角bearing方向角directionangle切线长tangentlength曲线长curvelength外（矢）距externalsecant测站instrumentstation测点observationpoint中桩centerstake加桩additionalstake护桩referencestake断链brokenchainage水准测量levellingsurvey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolutedatum高程elevation地面高程groundelevation设计高程designedelevation（路线）纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cutandfillatcenterstake地形测量topographicsurvey基线baseline地形图topographicmap等高线contourline横断面测量cross-sectionalsurvey横断面图cross—section坑探pittest钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerialphotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量groundstereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量航摄基线影像地图像片索引图（镶辑复照图）航摄像片判读综合法测图全能法测图微分法测图像片镶嵌图路基路堤路堑cutting半填半挖式路基台口式路基路基宽度路基设计高程（路基）最小填土高度边坡边坡坡度（边）坡顶（边）坡脚护坡道边坡平台碎落台护坡挡土墙重力式挡土墙横重式挡土墙悬臂式挡土墙扶壁式挡土墙柱板式挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙锚碇板式挡土墙石笼抛石路基排水边沟截水沟排水沟急流槽跌水蒸发池盲沟渗水井透水路堤过水路面填方挖方借土groundcontrol—pointsurveyaerophotobasephotographicmapphotoindexaerophotointerpretationplanimatricphotouniversalphotodifferentialphotophotomosaicsubgradeembankmentpartcut—partfillsubgradebenchedsubgradewidthofsubgradedesignelevationofsubgrademinimumheightoffillsideslopegradeofsideslopetopofslopetoeofslopebermplainstageofslopebermatthefootofcuttingslopeslopeprotectionretainingwallgravityretainingwallbalanceweightretainingwallcantileverretainingwallcounterfortretainingwallcolumn-plateretainingwallanchoredretainingwallbytierodsanchoredbulkheadretainingwallrockfilledgabionriprapsubgradedrainagesideditchinterceptingditchdrainageditchchutedropwaterevaporationpondblinddrainseepagewellpermeableembankmentfordfillcutborrowearth弃土waste取土坑borrowpit弃土堆wastebank回填土back—lling黄土loess软土softsoil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土saltysoil膨胀土expansivesoil冻土frozensoil流砂quicksand软弱地基softground强夯法dynamicconsolidation预压法preloadingmethod反压护道loadingberm砂井sanddrain路基沙垫层sandmatofsubgrade压实compaction压实度degreeofcompaction（标准）最大干容重maximumdryunitweight相对密实度relativedensity毛细水capillarywater土石方爆破blastingcrater抛掷爆破blastingforthrowingrock爆破漏斗blastingcrater松动爆破blastingforlooseningrock爆破作用圈actingcirelesofblasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elasticmultilayertheory（回弹）弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR）Californiabearingratio(CBR)路面宽度widthofpavement路槽roadtrough刚性路面rigidpavement柔性路面flexiblepavement路面结构层pavementstructurelayer面层surfacecourse磨耗层wearingcourse联结层bindercourse基层basecourse垫层bedcourse隔水层aquitard隔温层thermalinsulatingcourse封层sealcoat透层primecoat保护层protectioncourse补强层strengtheninglayer高级路面hightypepavement次高级路面sub-hightypepavement中级路面intermediatetypepavement低级路面lowtypepavement水泥混凝土路面cementconcretepavement沥青路面bituminouspavement沥青混凝土路面bituminousconcretepavement沥青碎石路面bituminousmacadampavement沥青贯入碎（砾）石路面bituminouspenetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminoussurfacetreatment块料路面blockpavement石块路面stoneblockpavement泥结碎石路面clay—boundmacadampavement水结碎石路面water—boundmacadampavement级配路面gradedaggregatepavement稳定土基层stabilizedsoilbasecourse工业废渣基层industrialwastebasecourse块石基层telfordbase层铺法spreadinginlayers拌和法mixingmethod厂拌法plantmixingmethod路拌法roadmixingmethod热拌法hotmixingmethod冷拌法coldmixingmethod贯入法penetrationmethod铺砌法pitchingmethod缩缝contractionjoint胀缝expansionjoint真缝truejoint假缝dummyjoint横缝transversejoint纵缝longitudinaljoint施工缝constructionjoint传力杆dowelbar拉杆tiebar路面平整度surfaceevenness路面粗糙度surfaceroughness路面摩擦系数frictioncoefficientofpavement附着力adhesiveforce水滑现象hydroplaningphenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highwaybridge公铁两用桥highwayandrailtransitbridge人形桥pedestrianbridge跨线桥overpassbridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanentbridge半永久性桥semi-permanentbridge临时性桥temporarybridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforcedconcretebridge预应力混凝土桥prestressedconcretebridge钢桥steelbridge圬工桥masonrybridge木桥timberbridge正交桥rightbridge斜交桥skewbridge弯桥curvedbridge坡桥bridgeonslope斜桥skewbridge正桥rightbridge上承式桥deckbridge中承式桥half-throughbridge下承式桥throughbridge梁桥beambridge简支梁桥simplesupportedteambridge连续梁桥continuousbeambridge悬臂梁桥cantileverbeambridge联合梁桥compositebeambridge板桥slabbridge拱桥archbridge双曲拱桥two—waycurvedarchbridge空腹拱桥openspandrelarchbridge实腹拱桥filledspandrelarchbridge系杆拱桥bowstringarchbridge桁架桥trussbridge钢构桥rigidframebridgeT形钢构桥T—shapedrigidframebridge连续钢构桥continuousrigidframebridge斜腿钢构桥rigidframebridgewithinclinedlegs斜拉桥（斜张桥）cablestayedbridge悬索桥suspensionbridge漫水桥submersiblebridge浮桥pontoonbridge开启桥movablebridge装配式桥fabricatedbridge装拆式钢桥fabricatedsteelbridge涵洞culvert管涵pipeculvert拱涵archculvert箱涵boxculvert盖板涵slabculvert无压力式涵洞non-pressureculvert压力式涵洞pressureculvert半压力式涵洞partialpressureculvert倒虹吸涵siphonculvert上部结构superstructure主梁mainbeam横梁floorbeam纵梁longitudinalbeam,stringer挂梁suspendedbeam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrelstructure腹拱spandrelarch拱上侧墙spandrelwall桥面系floorsystem，bridgedecking桥面铺装bridgedeckpavement伸缩缝expansionandcontractionjoint桥面伸缩装置bridgefloorexpansionandcontractioninstallation安全带afetybelt桥头搭板transitionslabatbridgehead下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pierbody墩帽coping盖梁bentcap破冰体iceapron重力式桥墩gravitypier实体桥墩solidpier空心桥墩hollowpier柱式桥墩columnpier排架桩墩pilebentpier柔性墩flexiblepier制动墩brakingpier单向推力墩singledirectionthrustedpier桥台abutment台身abutmentbody前墙frontwall翼墙wingwalls台帽coping锥坡conicalslope耳墙wingwallsU形桥台U-shapedabutment八字形桥台flarewingwallabutment一字形桥台headwallabutment,straightabutment重力式桥台gravityabutment埋置式桥台buriedabutment扶壁式桥台counterfortedabutment锚锭板式桥台anchoredbulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supportedtypeabutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidatedsubsoil天然地基naturalsubsoil基础foundation扩大基础spreadfoundation沉井基础opencaissionfoundation管柱基础cylindricalshaftfoundation桩基础pilepoundation桩pile预制桩precastpile就地灌注桩cast-in-placeconcretepile摩擦桩frictionpile支承桩bearingpile承台bearingplatform支座bearing固定支座fixedbearing活动支座expansionbearing索塔cablebenttower索鞍cablesaddle调治构造物regulatingstructure丁坝spurdike顺坝longitudinaldam桥位bridgesite桥梁全长totallengthofbridge主桥mainbridge引桥approachspan跨径span桥涵计算跨径computedspan桥涵净跨径clearspan矢跨比risespanratio计算矢高calculatedriseofarch桥下净空clearanceofspan桥面净空clearanceabovebridgefloor桥梁建筑高度constructionheightofbridge荷载load永久荷载permanentload可变荷载variableload偶然荷载accidentalload荷载组合loadingcombinations车辆荷载标准loadingstandardfordesignvchicle设计荷载designload施工荷载constructionload梁beam简支梁simple-supportedbeam连续梁continuousbeam悬臂梁cantileverbeam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigidframe柱column强度strength刚度stiffness，rigidity抗裂度crackresistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchmentbasin集水面积runoffarea径流runoff水文测验hydrologicalsurvey河床riverbed河槽riverchannel主槽mainchannel边滩sideshoal河滩rloodland河床宽度bedwidth河槽宽度channelwidth过水断面dischargesection水位waterlevel最高（或最低）水位maximum（minimum）waterlevel通航水位navigablewaterlevel设计水位designwaterlevel水面比降watersurfaceslope河床比降gradientofriverbed湿周weffedperimeter糙率coefficientofroughuess水力半径hydraulicradius水文计算hydrologicalcomputation设计流量designeddischarge设计流速designedflowvelocity行近流速approachvelocity洪水调查floorsurvey洪水频率floorfrequency设计洪水频率designedfloodfrequency潮汐河流tidalriver悬移质suspendedload推移质bedmaterialload水力计算hydrauliccomputation水头waterhead冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷generalscourunderbridge桥墩（或墩台）局部冲刷localscournearpier自然演变冲刷naturalscour冲刷系数coefficientofscouring淤积silting壅水backwater流冰icedrift先张法pretensioningmethod后张法post—tensioningmethod缆索吊装法erectionwithcableway悬臂拼装法erectionbyprotrusion悬臂浇筑法cast—in—placecantilevermathod移动支架逐跨施工法spanbyspanmethod纵向拖拉法erectionbylongtitudinalpulling顶推法methodincrementallaunchingmethod转体架桥法constructionbyswing浮运架桥法erectingbyfloating顶入法jack-inmethod围堰cofferdam护筒pilecasing隧道tunnel洞门tunnelportal衬砌tunnellining明洞opencuttunnel围岩surroundingrork隧道建筑限界structuralapproachlimitofrunnels明挖法opencutmethod矿山法minetunnellingmethod盾构法shieldtunnelingmethod沉埋法（沉管法）lmmersedtunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnelsupport构件支撑elementsupport喷锚支护lockboltsupportwithshotcrete隧道通风tunnelventilation隧道照明tunnellighting养护maintenance定期养护periodicalmaintenance巡回养护patrolmaintenance大中修周期maintenanceperiod小修保养routinemaintenance中修intermediatemaintenance大修heavymaintenance改善工程roadinprovement抢修emergencyrepairofroad加固strengtheningofstructure回砂sandsweeping罩面overlayofpavement路面翻修pavementrecapping路向补强pavementstrengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surfacecorrugation路面网裂net-shapedcracking路面龟裂alligatorcracking路面碎裂pavementspalling反射裂缝reflectioncrack路面坑槽potholes路面冻胀surfacefrostheave路面沉陷pavementdepression路面滑溜surfaceslipperiness露骨suifaceangularity啃边edgefailure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blowup错台faultingofslabends错位slabstaggering滑坡slide坍方landslide崩塌collapse碎落debrisavalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mudavalanche（振动）液化liquefaction翻浆frostboiling岩溶karst沙害sandhazard雪害snowhazard水毁washout好路率rateofgoodroad养护质量综合值generaltatingofmaintenancequality路容roadappearance路况roadcondition路况调查roadconditionsurvey路政管理rladadministration民工建勤civilianlabourersworkingonpublicproject养路费tollofroadmaintenance养路道班maintenancegang粒料granularmaterial集料（骨料）aggregate矿料mineralaggregate矿粉mineralpowder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sandgravel卵石cobblestone碎石brokenstone,crushedstone片石rubble块石blockstone料石dressedstone石屑chip工业废渣industrialsolidwaste结合料binder有机结合料沥青organicbindingagentbitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青naturalasphalt石油沥青petroleumasphalt煤沥青coaltar乳化沥青emulsifiedbitumen氧化沥青oxidizedasphalt路用沥青roadbitumen无机结合料inorganicbindingagent粉煤灰flyash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminousmixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcretemixture沥青碎石混合料bituminousmacadammixture沥青砂asphaltsand沥青膏asphaltmastic水泥砂浆cementmortar石灰砂浆limemortar水泥混凝土混合料cementconcretemixture水泥混凝土cementconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete预应力（钢筋）混凝土prestressedconcrete早强混凝土earlystrengthconcrete干硬性混凝土dryconcrete贫混凝土leanconcrete轻质混凝土light-wehghtconcrete纤维混凝土fibrousconcrete外掺剂admixture减水剂waterreducingagent加气剂airentrainingagent早强剂缓凝剂retarderearlystrengthagent钢筋steelbar预应力钢材prestressingsteel高强钢丝hightensilesteelwire钢铰线strandedsteelwire冷拉钢筋cold—stretchedsteelbar冷拔钢丝cold-drawnsteelwire高强螺栓highstrengthbolt空隙率porosity孔隙比voidratio粒径grainsize颗粒组成graincomposition细度fineness筛分sieveanalysis级配gradation级配曲线gradingcurve最佳级配optimumgradation含水量watercontent最佳含水量optimumwatercontent稠度界限consistencylimit液限liquidlimit塑限plasticlimit缩限shrinkagelimit塑性指数plasticityindex水泥标号cementmark水泥混凝土标号cementconcretemark水泥混凝土配合比proportioningofcementconcrete水灰比watercementratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性airhardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing（沥青）稠度consistency(ofbitumen)针入度penetration粘（滞渡viscosity软化点softeningpoint延度ductility闪点flashpoint溶解度dissolubility热稳性hotstability水稳性waterstability油石化asphalt—aggregateratio含油率bitumencontent压碎率rateofcrushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulusofelasticity回弹模量modulusofresilience劲度（模量）stiffnessmodulus模量比modulusratio泊松比poisson'sratio疲劳试验fatiguetest劈裂试验splittingtest三轴试验triaxialtest击实试验compactiontest触探试验conepenetrationtest弯沉试验deflectiontest环道试验circulartracktest承载板试验loadingplatetest透水性试验perviousnesstest车辙试验wheeltrackingtest马歇尔试验Marshallstabilitytest压实度试验compactnesstest铺砂法sandpatchmethod硬练胶砂强度试验earth-drymortarstrengthtest软练胶砂强度试验plasticmortarstrength—test（水泥）安定性试验soundnesstest（ofcement）击实仪compactiontestequipment长杆贯入仪penetrationtestequipment承载板loadingplate杠杆完沉仪beamleverdeflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface—curvatureapparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifth-wheeltester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speeddetector万能试验机universaltestingmachine三轴（剪切）仪triaxialshearratiotester加州承载比（CBR）测定仪Californiabearingratiotester标准筛standardsieves（沥青）针入度仪penetrometer（沥青）粘度仪viscosimeter（沥青）延度仪ductilometer（沥青）软化点仪（环-球法）softeningpointtester（ringballmethod）闪点仪（开口杯式）flashpointtester（opencupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshallstabilityapparatus（沥青混合料）抽提机bitumenextractor砂浆稠度仪mortarpenetrationtester坍落度圆锥筒slumpcone标准工业粘度计standardconcreteconsistometer饱和面干吸水率试模saturated—surface—duiedmoistureretentiontester撞击韧度试验机impacttoughnessmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wearhardnessmachine狄法尔磨耗试验机Devalabrasiontestingmachine洛杉矶磨耗试验机LosAngelesabrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushingstrengthtester单斗挖掘机single-bucketexcavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi—mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rockbreaker碎石机stonecrusher碎石撒布机stonespreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-footroller手扶式单轮压路机walkbehindsingledrum蛙式打夯机frogrammer内燃夯实机internalcomtustioncompactor铁夯（铁撞柱）tampingiron压路机roller振动压路机vibratoryroller沥青加热器asphaltheater沥青泵asph