梁实秋介绍-英文版

Liangshiqiu梁实秋

BibliographyTranslatedworksMasterpiecePerspectivesAchievementsEvaluationsOutlineLiangShiqiu:(January6,1903-November3,1987),arenownededucator,writer,translator,literarytheoristandlexicographer.Hisfather,LiangXianxi(梁咸熙),wasaXiucaiintheQingDynasty.HewaseducatedatTsinghuaCollegeinBeijingfrom1915to1923.HewentontoStudyatColoradoCollegeandlaterpursuedhisgraduatestudiesatHarvardandColumbiaUniversities.AtHarvard,hestudiedliterarycriticismunderIrvingBabbitt,whoseNewHumanismhelpedshapehisconservativeliterarytenets.BibliographyAfterhisreturntoChinain1926,hebeganalongcareerasaprofessorofEnglishatseveraluniversities,includingPekingUniversity,TsingtaoUniversity,andJinanUniversity.Healsoservedastheeditorofasuccessionofliterarysupplementsandperiodicals,includingthefamousCrescentMoonMonthly(1928–1933).DuringthisperiodhepublishedanumberofliterarytreatiseswhichshowedthestronginfluenceofBabbittanddemonstratedhisbeliefthathumanlifeandhumannaturearetheonlypropersubjectsforliterature.ThebestknownliterarytreatisesareTheRomanticandtheClassical,LiteratureandRevolution,TheSeriousnessofLiterature,andThePermanenceofLiterature.Ineachofthesetreatises,heupheldtheintrinsicvalueofliteratureassomethingthattranscendssocialclassandstronglyopposedusingliteratureforpropagandistpurposes.ThesepronouncementsandhisdislikefortheexcessiveinfluenceofJean-JacquesRousseauandotherRomanticistsinChinatriggeredapolemicwarbetweenhimandLuxunanddrewtheconcertedattacksofleftistwriters.JamesBarrie'sPeterPan

GeorgeEliot'sSilasMarner

Mr.Gilfil'sLoveStoryMarcusAurelius'Meditations.GeorgeOrwell'sAnimalFarm

EmilyBrontë'sWutheringHeights.TheCollectedWorksofShakespeare(Hamlet,OthelloTheMerchantofVenice，etc.)Hismaintranslatedworks

FromaCottager’sSketchbook《雅舍小品》HistoryofEnglishliterature《英国文学史》《浪漫的与古典的》(评论集)《冬夜草儿评论》(评论，与闻一多合著）《骂人的艺术》(杂文集)《文学的纪律》(评论集)《偏见集》(评论集)《文学因缘》(散文)《略谈中西文化》MasterpieceIn1949,toescapethecivilwar,LiangfledtoTaiwanwherehetaughtatTaiwanNormalUniversityuntilhisretirementin1966.Duringthisperiod,heestablishedhimselfasalexicographerbybringingoutaseriesofEnglish-ChineseandChinese-Englishdictionaries.InTaiwanFirstly,hewasagainst"rigidtranslation",claimingthatreadersshouldbeconsideredfirst,andtranslationshouldbesmoothandexpressive;Secondly,heinsistedthatliteratureshouldnotbeassociatedwithclassnature,thoseliteraryworksreflectinggeneralhumanityshouldbetranslated;Thirdly,hewasagainst"retranslation".Perspectives1.SmoothandExpressiveLangShiqiupointedoutthatLuxun‘stranslationisclosetoorevenhasnodifferencewith“stifftranslation”(死译),andhecomplainedthat"Readingsuchabookislikelookingsomethinginamap,weneedtoseekthepositionwithourfingers.Healsosuggestedthattranslatorsshouldtakereadersintoaccountbymakingthetranslationsmooth,notobstinatelyclingingtothesyntaxofthesourcetext.2.OnRetranslationLiangShiqiuwasinsistentlyagainstretranslation.Inthe1930s,itbecamepopularthatsomewritersretranslatedliteraryworksfromcolonialcountries.Infact,translatorslikeLuxunintendedtoshowChinesepeoplethetragedyofthesedestroyedcountriesbyintroducingtheirliteraryworksinordertotellpeoplethatthefateofChinawillbethesameastheirswithoutrevolution,andalso,thiswasawaythewritersrepresentedbyLutowithstandthehegemonyofthewesternworld.WhileLiangShiqiushowednopityforthesecolonialcountries,hetookareasonableattitudeandintendedtointroducetheadvancedliteratureofthewesttoChinesepeople.Inthiscase,hedidnotagreetoretranslateliteraryworksfromotherlanguages.3.PreservingtheoriginLiangShiqiuregardedShakespeare'sworksas"agreatliteraturethatsurpassedtimeandspace,profoundandintensive,withrespirationofhumanity."Totranslatesuchawork,translatorsshouldbefaithfulenoughtoshowtheoriginaltext,bothinmeaningandinthestyleofShakespeare'slanguage.Inordertoreachhisownrequirements,Liangtriedhisbest.Hechosethesourceversioncautiouslybeforehistranslation.HegatheredsuchamplematerialaboutShakespeare'splaysthatthenumberofhiscollectionhadexceededthatofsomefamouslibrariesofthetime.AtlasthisselectedtheeditionfromOxfordthathadbeentakendelightinbythepopulace.LiangShiqiu'sperspectivesontranslationputforwardinthe1930sprofoundlyinfluencedallofhistranslations.Iftheimpulsiveandtartdictioninthatcontroversywerenotconsidered,hisperspectivesontranslationdeeplyinfluencedtheformationofthetranslationsystematthattime..When"LungShiqiu"ismentioned,Chinesepeopleoftenassociatethenamewith"capitalistflunky"or"reactionaryliterati",whilemanyofhisachievementswerepassedintosilence.ButhewasthefirsttopersonallytranslatetheCollectedWorksofShakespeare,aswellasabout15otherkindsofwesternliterarymasterpieces.Histranslationreadssmoothlyandturnsouttobefaithfultothesourcetext.AchievementsHewroteacomprehensivehistoryofEnglishliteratureinChinese,whichwascompletedin1979andconsistsofathree-volumehistoryandacompanionsetofSelectedReadingsinEnglishLiteratureinChinesetranslation,alsointhreevolumes.

Inrecentyears,withtheintroductionofLiangShiqiu'stranslationofCollectedWorksofShakespeare,studiesonLiangShiqiu'sasatranslatorhavecausedtheattentionofChinesetranslationtheorists.Positiveevaluations:ThefamousscholarYuGuangzhongsaid,"Mr.Liang'scontributiontotranslationiswidelyrecognized.Ontheonehand,thetranslationcansubstitutetheoriginaltext;ontheo