2023年中考英语复习名词性从句讲解

名词性从句(复合句)一、主语从句1、语序：主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。2.连接词的选用that和what的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语'宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if,只能用whethero其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever二anythingthat;whoever二anyonewhoo要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。Eg:Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句)=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句)=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.t构成的主语从句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem,appear,becertain,beapity,beawonder,beone'shope,belikely等词或短语。需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。用于Itissuggested/required/ordered/demandedthat…句型中,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用"should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.你应该花更多的时间学习英语。(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构.)Itisafact(agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews...)that....)Itisnecessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely...)that...需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“(should)+动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气.)Itisreported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/believed/decided/suggested/ordered...)that....)Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/...that....句式用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：Itissaidthat...据说Itisreportedthat...据报导Itiswellknownthat... 众所周知Itisannouncedthat...据宣布Itisbelievedthat...人们相信Itisthoughtthat...人们认为Itisunderstoodthat...自不待言Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认否定转移1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,seem,appear等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式［否定前移］。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。2)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Eg:Idon!trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样——个人。(not否定动名词短语having...).表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另夕卜,常用的还有thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等结构。二、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。三、宾语从句.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1)由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。3）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序.宾语从句的时态1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时名词性从句练习题单选hascausedgreatconfusionishemadeitwithoutanyoneelse'shelp.A.What;that.B.What;how.C.It;how.D.It;that.theearthcooleddown,waterbegantoB.What;whether;astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoB.What;whether;asD.It;whether;asA.When;that;whenareplayinganimportantpartiswellknowntousall.areplayinganimportantpartiswellknowntousall.areplayinganimportantpartiswellknowntousall.C.What;that;asareplayinganimportantpartiswellknowntousall.A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoHasitbeenannounced?A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoHasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff— A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoHasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff— A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoHasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff— A.ThatwhoB.ThosewhoHasitbeenannounced?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff— madeherashamedofherself?thelowestmarkinherclass.C.WhothatD.WhoB.thataretheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoffA.What;BecauseshegotC.Whatwasitthat;Thatshegot6.madememoreunhappywasA.What;BecauseshegotC.Whatwasitthat;Thatshegot6.madememoreunhappywasA.What;BecauseshegotC.Whatwasitthat;ThatshegotA.What;BecauseshegotC.Whatwasitthat;Thatshegot6.madememoreunhappywasB.Wasitwhat;GettingD.Whatwasitthat;Gettheboyaskedmyfriendtobehisgirlfriendandsheagreed.A.What;thatB.That;that C.What;whetherD.It;thatItisaruleinhisfamilythatcomeshomefirstshouldcookthedinner.A.anybodyB.who C.whoever D.whothatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.WhoC.ThatD.Whetherwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmoretobepolite.A.That B.What C.Which D./mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhyB.That C.Which D.Whathisfailureliesisexpectedcleartous.A.What...tomake B.How...madeC.Where...tobemadeD.Why...makingexcitedJennymostwasshefinallysucceededinseemedtobethemostdifficultexamtohim.A.That;that;which B.What;that;whatC.That;because;that D.What;because;whichisknowntousallisthatJohnsonbrokehispromisehewouldcometohelpmeassoonaspossible.A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whichD.What;which14.surprisedmemostwasthegirlpassedthedrivertest.A.That;thatB.What;howC.What;thatD.That;why15.isknowntoallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.A.As B.What C.It D.Which16.hasnotbeendecidednext.A.HowtodoB.WhattodonextC.TodowhatD.Todohow17.Webelieveyouhavebeendevotedtonaturallyofgreatnecessity.A.that;beingB.allthat;beC.thatall;areD.what;isYouwillneverguess.A.whoamIwaitingfor B.whathashappenedC.howcanshehelpme D.wheredidIgo—Hey,youlookworried.What'sup?—I'mnotsurethatcanIpasstheexamornotIfIcanpasstheexamornotWhetherIcanpasstheexamornot—Doctor,itseemsyouliketoworkwithanimals.一Yes,weshouldanimalsasourfriends.A.that;regard B.what;beregardedC.that;beregarded D.what;regardYouhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Thatsyoureyeshurt.A.whyB.howC.what D.whenItisstillunknownhowAI（人工智能）thewayofourlifeaswellastheworld.A.changeB.changedC.willchangeD.waschangingbreakstheschoolwindowswillbeinfortrouble.A.Whoever B.WhoC.Which D.Whose一rilhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon'tknow.一HowaboutParis?A.whentogo B.wheretogo C.whattodo.Thatiswewerelatelasttime.A.that B.when C.why D.whatdoesn'tmatteryoucomeornot.A.That;whetherB.It;whetherC.That;ifD.It;ifTheplacethebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbethecrossrivertrafficistheheaviest.B.atwhich;whichA.which;whereC.atwhich;where D.which;inwhichB.atwhich;whichIsthisschooltheyvisitedtheotherday?A.that B.which C.where D.theoneCouldyoutellmeyesterdayafternoon?whentheschoolsportsmeetingendedwhendidtheschoolsportsmeetingendwhentheschoolsportsmeetingendswhendoestheschoolsportsmeetingendisknowntoallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.A.As B.What C.It D.Which【拔高题】Shewassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstoodhesaidmeant.A.that B.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhatAfterhadhappenedhecou