放射物理单词

放射物理单词Chapter1Intuitive：直觉的Vibration振动Oscillation周期性地振荡Dimension单位Coulomb库仑Proportional正比Isotope同位素Random随机Condenser电容器Prefix前缀Electrostatic静电的Numerical数字的Convert转换Planetary行星式的Diffuse分散Penetrate穿过Constituent组成Bombard轰炸Eject射出Spectrometer谱仪Arbitrarily指定的Scale刻度Subscript下标Superscript上标Alpha希腊字母aOrbit轨道Quantum量子Mechanical:机械的，力的Finite有限的Precision精度Tungsten金属钨Cascade雪崩Infrared红夕卜Geigercounter盖革计数器Emit发射Pertinent:relevantto,有关的，中肯的Spectrum频谱Etcetera:et.等等…Voltage电压Impinge:impose,施加于Formula公式Kinetic：动能Exponential：指数Attenuation：衰减Semilog：半对数Linear：线性Logarithmic：对数Fractional：分数Analogous:模拟Collision:碰撞Lethal:致命的Exponential：指数的GlossaryofChapter2(problemsandprojectspartsexcluded)Filament:灯丝Milliammeter:毫安表Rhenium:金属铢grid:栅winding:线圈rheostat:变阻器wafer：应该是waterindium:金属锢arsenic：砷contour：轮廓线、等高线armature:（电机里面的）转子molybdenum:金属钼（乳腺X线机中球管用的主要材料）pit：坑、凹stray:离散的、零落的hooded:罩photocell:光细胞photon:光子bremsstrahlungrediation：轫致辐射superimposed:叠加的betatron:8对撞机mammography:乳腺X线机preferentially:优先地Chapter3Ejection射出Configuration:Deuteron：氘Bombard：轰炸Betatron：6对撞机Linear：线性Nitrogen：氮Analogous： 模拟的pinhead:针尖rifle：步枪Geigercounter:盖革计数器Scintillation：闪烁Substitute：替代Decay:衰减integral:集合的exponential：指数的cobalt：钻emit:发射dosimetry:剂量学“emittedradiation”：发射的射线Cumulate:应该是accumulate积累Hypothetical：假设Exponentially:指数地rectangle:长方形dosage：剂量值proportional：正比的vertical：垂直的horizontal：水平的intersection:交叉的cluster：簇uranium：铀repulsion:排斥isobars:同质素（核子数同，质子数不同）sulphur：硫phosphorus：磷electroncapture：电子俘获schematically：图解地monoenergetic:单一能量radon：氡（镭衰变产生的放射性气体元素）plus：加fluorescent：荧光的Rutherford:卢瑟福Luminous:发光的Dials:刻度盘Proximity:大概Scintillate:闪烁Ionization:电离Vapor:蒸发Droplets:滴Collide:碰撞Tortuous弯曲的Negatron:负电子Negligible：忽略的Emission:发射isobaricline:同质素线neutrino：中微子neutral:核心的unequivocal:不等价的spectra:频谱的复述形式deposited:留存fraction:分数、部分spectrum：频谱cascade:雪崩barium：钡component:成分metastable：可能是拼错了finite:有限的reactor-produced:反应堆产生的thedaughternucleus:子核nitrogen：Mkinetic:动能annihilate：湮灭depicted:描绘theparentanddaughternuclei:父核子核augerelectron:锇歇电子neon:氖internalconversion:内部转换superimposed:叠加的spectral：谱的perturb：扰舌Lmonoenergetic：单一能量的thefluorescentyield:产生的荧光vacancy:空的favored:可能是拼错了Auger:同锇歇电子Fraction:部分Isomer:同质异能素（质子数和中子数都同，核能态不同）Enunciate:清晰讲述/解释等Penetrate:穿过Instructive：指导的Horizontal：水平的Cows:奶牛（指能产生放射性核素的母核）Sterile：1贫瘠的，无结果的2消毒的SolventShield:屏蔽Milk:指放射性核素technetium-99m:得-99ratio：比率equilibrium:平衡radioactivecow:能产生放射性核素的母核approximate:大约的cyclotron：回旋加速器initially:初始的fission:分裂fragment：裂片subtraction：减fusion：聚合intercept:截留cobalt：钻derive：演变assumption:假设irradiation:照射scatter：分散resonance：共振thermalneutrons:热核子potassium:车甲saturation:饱和exponential：指数的Avogadro’snumber:阿佛加德罗常数Iodine:碘Mold:Integrate:集成Embed:嵌入Conversion:转换KMMAugerKMLAugerElute：可能是拼错了Megawatts:兆瓦slices层、片Chapter4（1）Dosimetry剂量学fluence通量spectrum频谱atom原子collision碰撞bremsstrahlung轫致（辐射）kinetic动能的attenuation衰减coefficient系数irradiate发射fluctuation波动equilibrium平衡schematically依照表格的bombard轰炸attenuation衰减portion部分equilibrium平衡dotted点的horizontal水平的attain达到exponentially指数的upstream上游plot画schematic图表的coefficient系数monoenergetic单一能量的fraction部分分数depict描绘parallel平行的traverse穿过cavity空腔molecule分子integral集成的intergral同上isotope同位素linace直线加速器betatronbeta加速器filtration滤波cobalt钻phantom体模spectra频谱linear线性的arbitrariness指定、任意chamber腔体tungsten钨numerator（数学）分子denominator（数学）分母tabulate列表radius直径perturb扰动摄动homogeneous同类的，相似的photon光子negligible可忽略的perturbation扰动摄动finite有限的geometry几何composite组成equivalent等效affix词缀使附于bracket括号accuracy准确vapor蒸发calibrate教标seal封cone锥形segregate分解situate：Toplaceinacertainspotorposition放置于axis轴inverse相反rectangle长方形collimator准直器interval内部的bathe浴condense密的thimble顶针，针状aluminum铝impurity不纯colloidal胶状的，胶质的graphite石墨equivalent相当auxiliary辅助snugly整洁地，尚可的，贴身地，隐蔽地rectify矫正versus对appendix附录fractional 分数的，小数的tabular制成表的，扁平的，表格式的，平坦的interpolate加入，插入ferrous含铁的，［化］亚铁的sulphate［化］硫酸盐equation方程nitrogen氮Chapter4(2)dosimetry放射剂量学tissue-air组织backscatter逆散射depict描述描写irradiate辐射照射calibration教标dosimeter放射剂量计phantom体模kerma比释动能equilibrium平衡statistical统计的attenuation衰减diameter直径sphere球cylinder柱形cavity腔洞tubing管状的electrometer静电计precise精确的calorimeter热量计approximate大概obsolete荒废的，陈旧的portion一部分impurity不纯洁spectrum频谱proportionality比例cylindrical柱形的linac直线加速器numerical数字的spectra频谱（复数）equivalent平衡fraction分数penetrate插入negligible忽略的linear线性的perturb扰动flux流量perturbation扰动perpendicular垂直的，正交的axis轴penetrate插入monoenergetic单一能量analogous类似的，相似的polarization极化condense压缩gaseous气态的interface界面equilibrium平衡attenuation衰减coefficient系数bremsstrahlung轫致辐射appendix附录integrals集成yield产生exponential指数的dash冲撞upstream向上游larynx喉部plot点auxiliary辅助的scattering散开的traverse横贯的dotted点的hence因此emitter发射器scheme计划方案simplify简化tabulate制表ingest摄入咽下valid合法的calibrate校正configure配制设定bracket括号apparent明显的recoil反冲Compton（人名）Victoreen可能错误的拼写78.tabulate制表CHAPTER5Instrumentationsandtechniques仪器和技术ionization电离saturationinionchambers饱和电离室dimension维尺度thepolarizingvoltage极化电压pulsed脉冲作用的aluminumplates车吕板molecules分子aparallelplate平行板afinitechanceofbumping有限机会的碰撞anionrecombining离子组合ionconcentration离子浓缩ionchambercalculation电离腔计算tacitlyassumed假定decay衰减exponential指数的pulsedradiation脉冲式的辐射theprinciplesinvolved包含的原则approximateexpression大概的表达Boag(B9)andGreening(G8)aparallelplatechamber平衡板腔occupy占领overlapregion重叠区域integral集成的evaluate评价thedimensionlessvariable无量纲变量coulombs库仑saturationcurve饱和曲线breakdown崩溃theinsulation绝缘indicate指示graphically图形parameter参数negligible忽略的density密度cylindricalandsphericalchambers柱形和球形腔thecentralelectrode中央电极aparallelplateionizationchamber平行板电离腔equivalentgap平衡缺口theratiooftheradiusoftheshell半径与壳体的比例operationalamplifiers运算放大器sensitiveelectrometer敏感的静电计inexpensivesolidstateoperationalamplifiers不昂贵的固态运算放大器triangularstructure三角结构impedance阻抗substituting代替的“virtualground”虚拟地leakagecurrent漏电流asophisticatedcircuit复杂的线路afrequencycompensator频率补偿current-to-voltageconverter电流电压转换器aninfiniteimpedance无限大阻抗integrationperiod综合周期integrationcycle综合循环switch开关squeeze压榨drainofthetransistor三极管耗尽differentialamplifier差分放大severalamplifiersinseries系列的几个放大器practicaldevicesformeasuringradiation测量放射的实际设备shieldedcable屏蔽电缆thepolarizingvoltage极化电压rubberinsulation橡胶绝缘accidentalground附属地aconductingplastic传导塑料acobaltunit钻单元sensitivity灵敏度guardedconstruction保护结构thecableofinferiorquality次级质量电缆imbedded嵌入insulator绝缘asheathofinsulation绝缘鞘，护套，外壳arubbersheath橡胶鞘，护套，外壳spurioussignals伪造的，假造的，欺骗的信号condenserchambers压缩电离腔thehollowinsulator中空绝缘thecalibrationfactor校正系数dosimeters计量计wearer佩带townsendbalance汤森平衡anintegratingdosimeter集成剂量剂guardedconstructionanelectrometerdevice静电计设备potentiometer电势差计initialnullreading初始空读数recalibration重新校正Mylar聚脂薄膜thecavity空腔simultaneously同时地acobaltunit钻单元thesourceoffapproximate大约ascatteringmedium分散媒介perturb扰动stem茎干malfunction错误动作linearaccelerator直线加速器betatronsbeta加速器terminate终结thebendingmagnets

linac102.102.103.104.105.106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.quadrant象限anaccuratelycalibratedchamber精确校正的电离腔correctionforinversesquarelawsiliconrectifier硅整流器fabricated焊接的，虚构的diffused分散的漫射的transparent透明的atypicaldiode典型的二极管linear线性的oscilloscope示波器avoltmeterofinfiniteimpedance内阻无限大的电压计circumstance情况theory理论logarithm对数diagnostic诊断theswitchingtransients交替的瞬态absorptioncoefficient吸收系数photon光子photoelectricabsorption光电吸收anenormousdynamicrange巨大的动态范围

123.1123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.theemissionoflightgeologists地质学家assumption假®lithiumfluoride氟化锂crystallinestructure晶体状结构imperfection不完善lattice点阵晶格impuritylevels不纯程度subsequent接下来的theemissionoflightschematically图表的theirradiatedsample放射的样本photomultiplier光放大cylindrical柱状的quantitative数量的areproducibleway可复制的方法automaticcommercialequipment自动商业机器monitoring监视molecules分子ferricions亚铁离子theopticaldensity光密度spectrophotometer分光光度计dimensionless无量纲的theferroussulphate硫酸亚铁spectraldistribution谱分布theFrickedosimeter弗里克剂量剂anirradiatedvolumeofcomplexshapethepresenceofsulphurapproximately大致的themassenergyabsorptioncoefficient质能吸收系数filmasadosimeter用菲林做剂量计theunaffectedsilverbromide未受影响的溴化银aphotocellplaced安装的一个光单元simplification简化theopticaldensity光密度thecalorimeter卡路里计（一种热量计）semiconductor半导体exhibit展览pinhead针头fluence通量thermally热的vacuum真空minimizes最小化aluminum铝phantom体模graphite石墨tissue-equivalentplastic与组织相当的塑料thejacket外层configuration轮廓组态外形thermalcapacity热容量parallel平行的isolation分离隔离thethermalconductivity热传导irradiation放射depletion枯竭损耗annealinganddegasificationprogram退火去气程序feasible可行的graphite石墨approximation大约Chapter66.01Mechanism机制Macroscopicscale肉眼观察的范围Deposit沉淀Molecule分子Progeny次级后代Irradiation辐射Fractionate分级sublethal次致命的redistribution重新分布reoxygenation重新充氧作用复氧hypoxic缺氧therapeuticratio治疗比equivalence等积等价isoeffectcurve（原文在哪里？可能是印刷错误）cervix子宫颈6.02Mammal哺乳动物Molecule分子Discrete离散的Schematically图解的Cluster簇Tortuous弯曲Medium介质Cobalt钻（一种放射性元素）Collide碰撞Spectrum频谱Velocity速度Phantom体模Maximum最大的Approximately大致Parameter参数Manipulate操纵Ingenious灵巧精巧Demonstrating演示Fluctuation波动Implication隐含6.03Solved可解的Equation方程Polar极Aqueous含水的Transient透明的Radical基Indicated标明的oxidizingagent氧化剂mechanism机制phosphate磷酸elaborate精巧strand带optimum优化最佳的equivalent相当的当量6.04Assay检验Proliferative增生性的Vitro活体petridish培养皿incubating孵化aliquot可分量整除数dilution稀度稀释法hematopoietic造血的marrow骨髓intravenously静脉的recipient接受者leukemic白血病的analogous类似的模拟的hamster田鼠spleen脾inoculum接种constant常数minimum最小的situcrypt隐窝intestine肠histological组织学的slope斜坡6.05Mathematicalaspect数学角度Scale标尺刻度Linear线性的Region区域Exponentially指数的Random随机Deposition沉淀沉积Inactivate灭活Attenuation衰减Integrate集成殍密*uoijeDiidujOD国汲asiiuojdiuojZ0'9目异uujn|O3P!°^§!sBWuo!spsd刷阜垂|8。!】脂/\90'9导拗appuioj刷书拗AlieDOAinbaun同aABDUOD宛快Ajbjjuod喜昴f叫昴fJuaujajDui凛遂jajaiuejej¥"我括M3Biuoijeiodejjxa凛快主§o|!iuas刷¥"导P!|6A阳留aouaHConceptually概念的Mammalian哺乳动物Malignant恶性的Subsequent接下来后来的6.08Linacs直加Erythema红斑Meson介子6.09Mitosis有丝（分裂）Synthesis合成Metabolic代谢的tritiatedthymidine氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷synchronized同步地asynchronously非同步地individualpattern个体模式6.10fractionation分馏法malignant恶性的elapse经过significant显著的verticalpulse垂直脉冲6.11isoresponsecurves等响应曲线isodose等计量pelvicregion盆腔部位profile侧面图轮廓plateau高地symmetrical对称的penalty惩罚isocentric同心的steepergradient陡梯度6.12Hypoxia低氧denominator分母evaluate估价dose-modifying计量修改kilopascals千帕capillaries毛细管metabolism新陈代谢morphological形态学的distinct清晰的necrotic坏死intermittent间歇性的modification修改demonstrated演示的intrinsically本质上virtually实际上circumstantial'情况reoxygenation复氧potential潜性电极severe严重analogy模拟6.13Isoeffect等效Nominal名义的Recurrence复发重现Equivalent相当的squamouscarcinoma鳞状癌breast胸部regime体制状况mam