高考英语阅读词义猜测

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!感谢阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!感谢阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!感谢阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!阅读专题二.英语阅读词义猜测◎设问形式

The

underlined

word...in

the

second

(third…)

paragraph

refers

to

(means)

______.By

saying...in

the

firs

(second…)

paragraph,

the

author

means

that

______.

In

paragraph

…,

…

can

be

replaced

by

______.

The

meaning

of

…

in

paragraph…

is

related

to

______.

Which

of

the

following

has

the

closest

meaning

to...?

The

underlined

sentence

in

the

…

paragraph

probably

means

that_____.

◎词义猜测方法：definition定义法2.contrast对比法3.similarity相似法4.causeandeffect因果法5.examples举例法6.wordformation构词法7.context上下文8.commonsense普通常识

一、定义法

通过对其定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来推测出它的词义。常用“tobecalled,bedefinedas,beknownas,tomean,toreferto,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely”等词语来提示。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要解释前文。如：1.Theschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoff---eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.(06福建A)kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless2.HereisthePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(04福建E)PlaceinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesMountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyTownwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkRestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffoodItwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle--thatis,itwillbreakeasily.fragileB.softC.weakD.strong4.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()二、对比法通过前面或后面出现的反义词或对比词语推知生词的意思。体现对比关系的词主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。标点符号分号也可表示对比。如：1.Lackofparentwillpowermaycontributemoretojuvenileobesitythanunder-exercisingorovereating.（05天津D）adulteducationB.childhoodoverweightC.parents’influenceD.growingpains2．Wetriedtoborrowwhiteshirtseverywheresoastotakepartintheeveningparty.Butwetriedinvain.Everyoneofuslookeddisappointedatthebadnews.A.insurpriseB.uselesslyC.insilenceD.usually3.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.lateB.slowlyC.punctualD.quickly4.Mymindwasinamilliondifferentplaces.Thankstothestricttraining,Bellisnownolongernervousandalotmoreconfident.A.Shewasabsent-mindedB.ShewasnervousC.ShewasexcitedD.Shewascurious.5.The

main

point

of

the

plan

is

clear

to

me,

but

the

details

are

still

hazy.()三相似法所谓同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词意都属于同一义域。通常有并列连词and或者or等作同等关系的标志词。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similar等。如：1.The

new

tax

law

supersedes,

or

replaces,

the

law

that

was

in

effect

last

year.

A.

supervise

B.

review

C.

take

the

place

of

D.

start

to

enforce2.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats,oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofsfromhousesorcauserightwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplantgrains,theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests。（06重庆E）A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotectedC.easytodamageD.difficulttofind“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,’saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy.Inlabtests,carbondioxidewasbetterthanheatandseveralotherluresindrawingthebedbugoutofhiding.usedtokillbugs.B.usedtoattractbugsC.usedtoteasebugsD.usedtofeedbugs5.Doctors

believe

smoking

detrimental

to

your

health;

they

also

regard

drinking

harmful.

()四、因果法

我们可通过对原因或结果进行逻辑推理，猜出结果或原因中的生词词义。通常由because,as，since，for，so，thus，as

a

result，therefore,sothat,so／such．．．that等词汇及结构来体现。如：1．Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60to90centimetershigh.Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,ofyoungleaves.(05江西D)regularcuttingoftheplantsB.frequentwateringC.regularuseofchemicalsD.growingtheplantshighinthemountain2.ButtSchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheUSA.That’snosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.（05北京春季E）A.tasksB.messagesCdifferencesD.advantages3.I

feel

that

since

you

are

my

superior,

it

would

be

presumptuous

of

me

to

tell

you

what

to

do

.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquite4.When

some

kind

of

pain

killer

was

brought

out

recently,

researchers

found

that

the

colors

turned

the

customers

off

because

they

made

the

product

look

weak

and

ineffective.

The

underlined

part

”the

colors

turned

the

customers

off”

means

that

the

colors_____.

attracted

the

customers

strongly

B.

had

weak

effects

on

the

customers

C.

tricked

the

customers

into

shopping

D.

caused

the

customers

to

lose

interestShedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.()Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.()举例法利用文中的举例猜测词义，常见的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Today,youngcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,colortelevisionsandrefrigerators.()六.构词法英语中很多单词都是有词根家前后缀组成的，知道词根及前后缀的意思，就可以推断出生词的意思。(1)合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。如：blackboard,man-made,overthrow(2)词性转化：Iwasaskedtominutetherace.“minute”转化成动词，意为“为……计时”hand(n.)—hand(v.)empty(adj.)—empty(v.)词缀：super-(超）mini-(极小的)micro-（极微小的）re-(再，反复)mis-（误）im-（不）un-/in-/non-/dis(不)-able(能...的)-less(不，无)-wards(向)eg:childishmispronouncehomelesssleep-walkantiageingManyartistsfindinspirationintraditionalIndiandesigns.A.confidenceB.creativeideasC.powerD.goodadvice2.….MyteenagesonKarlbecamewithdrawnafterhisfatherdied.Asasingleparent,Itriedtodomybesttotalktohim,butthemoreItried,themorehemovedaway.(04NMET)A.preferredtostayaloneathomeB.lostinterestinhisstudiesC.refusedtotalktoothersD.begantodislikehismotherAccordingtoMorrissey,tryingtofindadietthatcancureyourillness,ormakeyousuperwomanisafruitlesssearch.aneffortwithoutresultsB.asearchfordietwithoutfruitsC.adietservingasmedicineD.aresearchonfruitlessdiet.4.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(03NMET)上下文利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。1.Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?Dirty.B.Dark.C.Worn-out.D.Plain-looking.2.whenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywell-paidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallnewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.(NMET2006广东)Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbakeon”mostprobablymeans﹍﹍﹍﹍A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon3.Spendingaslittleas$5adayonsomeoneelsecouldsignificantlyboosthappiness,theteamattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafound.Theirexperimentonmorethan630Americansshowedthattheyweremeasurablyhappierwhentheyspendmoneyonothers....A.helptofindB.helptobringC.helptoincreaseD.helptoget4.Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithascausedtostockandcrops.Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecrops.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB.goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD.farmanimals5.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?”Iguessifyouwantedtouseoneword,it’dbe‘plasticity’.”saysErieGese,anexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealone,inpairs,orinlargepackslikewolves,huntatnightorduringtheday,occupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremiles,andliveonallsortsoffood,fromlizards（蜥蜴）andshoes,toantsandmelons.Theunderlinedword“plasticity”inParagraph2refersto____________.

A.theabilitytofittheenvironment

B.notorioussmartness

C.huntingability

D.beinghuman-tolerant常识运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，正确猜出生词词意，是一种行之有效的猜测词意的方法。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解。1．Fishesliveinwaterandhavefinswhichhelpthemtoswim.Mostfisheshaveslimyskinscoveredwithscales,soitisdifficulttogetfirmholdofthem.2．Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.4.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.巩固练习1．Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.getworseB.improveC.wasrecordedD.developed2.Theyoungmanfailedinhisexperiment.Heseemedtohavelostallhishope.Justatthattimehisfathercametohelphim,saying,“don’tdespair,child.Ifyouworkharder,you’llsucceedintheend.”A.tofailintheexperimentB.tohelpsomeoneC.tosucceedintheendD.tolostone’shope3.TherewasatalkbetweenanEnglishvisitorandaChineseleader.ThevisitorcouldspeaknothingbutEnglish,andtheleadercouldspeakonlyChinese.Theycouldn’tunderstandeachother.Howcouldtheytalkon?nowcameaninterpreter,whocouldspeakbothChineseandEnglish.SothetalkbetweentheEnglishvisitorandtheChineseleaderwentonwiththehelpoftheinterpreter.A.athingwhichgivesquicktranslationofwordsspokeninanotherlanguageB.apersonwhogivesanimmediatetranslationofwordsspokeninanotherlanguage’C.apersonwhocanspeaknothingbutEnglishD.apersonwhocanspeaknothingbutChinese4.Thereisalegendthat,longagoonQing-Mingholiday,ayoungmannamedXuXianwascomingbackhomewhensuddenlyitstartedtorainheavily.Heranatoncetoanoldtreesoastokeepoutoftherain.Whenhereachedthetree,hesawabeautifulladyandherservantstandingthere.Theyoungmanandthebeautifulladyfellinlovewitheachotheratfirstsight.A.aletterfromEnglandB.astoryfromoldtimesC.abookbyLuXunD.anovelbyCharlesDickens5.Theyoungmanwasbashfulthathedidnotspeaktotheprettygirl.A.afraidB.shockedC.shyD.surprised6.WhengeorgeWashingtonwasquitealittleboy,hechoppeddowntheyoungtreehisfatherlovedbest.Thismadehisfatherveryangry.Later,theboytoldhisfatherthetruththathehadcutdownthetree.Andthismadehisfatherhappy.A.toshopB.tomakeC.tocutD.tolove7.Agroupofsoldiersweregoingtofightwiththeenemyinthevillage.Inordertowinthebattletheofficerhadtoordertwosoldierstogoscoutthevillageatnight,becausehewonderedhowmanysoldierstherewereinthevillage,andwheretheenemysoldierswerehiding.A.tolookforaplacetoliveinB.tosearchaplacetogetinformationC.toleaveaplaceforanotheroneD.togettoaplacetoattendameeting8.Researchersareworriedabouttheincreasingpressureonpilotsandgroundcontrollers.Andincreasingcollisions,occurringat