高考复习方案(全国卷地区专用)高考英语一轮总复习 Unit 4 Earthquakes听课手册 新人

Unit4Earthquakes时间2013年4月20日8时02分四川省雅安市芦山县发生了7.0级地震，地震造成了包括房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等在内的一系列重大损失。地震发生后，四川省立刻启动一级应急程序。近几年全球地震频发，所以在地震中如何保护自己便成了一个重要的话题。请你以“Howtosurviveinanearthquake〞为题写一篇文章。内容要点：1．地震发生时不要惊慌，如果在户外要远离大树、高楼、高压线等物；2．如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌、柜等巩固家具下面以与房间内侧的墙角，并且注意保护好头部；3．逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。精彩美文HowtosurviveinanearthquakeOnApril20,2013anearthquakewiththemagnitudeof7.0hitLushanCountyofYa'anCity,SichuanProvince.Theearthquakehascausedsignificantdamage.Sohowtotakesafetymeasuresduringanearthquakehasbecomeanimportantissue.Herearesomeguidelinestostayingsafeinearthquakes.Firstly,don'tbenervousandkeepcalm.Trytogetintoanopenareaawayfromtrees,buildings,walls,signs,powerlinesandanythingelsethatmightfallonyouifoutdoors.Secondly,ifyouareindoors,staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Coveryourheadandneckwithyourarms.Thegoalistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjectsandbelocatednearthestructuralstrongpointsoftheroom.Avoidtakingcovernearwindows,largemirrorsandhangingobjects.Thirdly,nevergotothestairsandnevertakethelifttogodownstairs.Thestairsarealikelypartofthebuildingtobedamaged.Evenifthestairsarenotcollapsedbytheearthquake,theymaycollapselaterwhenoverloadedbyfleeingpeople.Thoughwecan'tstopearthquakes,wecanreducethedamagethatearthquakesbringusifwetakerightmeasures.名师点睛1．文章体裁：说明文。2．行文逻辑：引出话题→逃生指导→总结扣题。3．词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：significant(显著的)，firstly(首先),secondly(其次),thirdly(再次)，keepcalm(保持冷静)，getinto，belocated，likely(可能的)等。4．句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：①非谓语动词：howtotakesafetymeasures，toprotectyourselffromfallingobjects，takingcovernearwindows，hangingobjects,tobedamaged，whenoverloaded(作状语)；②祈使句：don'tbenervousandkeepcalm,staythere，nevergotothestairsandnevertakethelifttogodownstairs；③定语从句：thatmightfallonyouifoutdoors；④状语从句：ifyouareindoors;evenifthestairsarenotcollapsedbytheearthquake等；⑤省略句：whenoverloadedbyfleeingpeople。Ⅰ.单词荟萃1．________vi.(使)破裂；爆发；突然发作→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)2．________n．污垢；灰尘→________adj.肮脏的；污秽的3．________n．休克；打击vt.&vi.(使)震惊，震动→________adj.震惊的→________adj.令人震惊的4．________n．电；电流；电学→________adj.电的；用电的→________adj.发电的5．________n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→________vt.祝贺6．________n．骑自行车的人→________vt.骑自行车7．________vt.(使)惊吓，吓唬→________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→________adj.令人恐惧的8．________vt.表示；表达→________n．表达，表情9．________n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→________n．判断；评价10．________adj.极度的→________adv.极度地Ⅱ.短语检测1．立刻，马上_______________________2．完毕；终结_______________________3．掘出；发现_______________________4．考虑得少，满不在乎_______________________5．仿佛；好似_______________________6．严重受损；破败不堪_______________________7．许多，大量的_______________________8．以……而自豪_______________________Ⅲ.佳句再现1．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigswere________________eat.在农家院子里，鸡，甚至猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2．________________theworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！3．Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwas____________________thefirstoneshookTangshan.接着在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山市。4．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,______________theseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是城里的百万群众没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样安然入睡了。5．__________theylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。Ⅳ.课文回顾SomethingstrangewashappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Thewaterinthewellsroseandfell.A1.________(smell)gascameoutofthecracks.Thechickensandeventhepigswere2.________nervoustoeat.3.________(mouse)ranoutofthefields,4.________(look)forplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3：00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.At3：42am,oneofthe5.________(great)earthquakesofthe20thcenturybegan.Steam6.________(burst)fromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumn7.________(leaf).Twodamsandmostofthebridgesfell.Therailwaytrackswerenow8.________(use)piecesofsteel.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylay9.________ruins.Itlookedasiftheworldwas10.________anend.单词点睛1burstvt.&vi.(toexplode；tocomeopenorflyapartsuddenlyorviolently)(使)破裂；爆发；突然发作n．[C](asuddenoutbreakoroutburst;anexplosion)爆炸；迸发；爆发burstintotears/laughter＝burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑起来burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支【巧学助记】[温馨提示]burstinto与burstout都有“突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况〞的意思，但burstinto后面接名词，burstout后面接动名词。【活学活用】(1)[2015·全国卷Ⅰ·完形]WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitforwhateverhisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.当我把礼品卡给他，并且说他可以用它买他的家人所需要的任何物品时，他突然大哭起来。(2)AtthenewsthatmydadwouldbebackfromLondonthisweek,Ifeltasifmyheartwould________________.听到爸爸这个星期要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放了。(3)Asthewitnessrelated,thecarskidded,turnedoverand______________.据目击者描述，那辆汽车一打滑翻倒后就起火了。(4)ItwasnotuntilIcamebackfromthemeetingthatIfoundmyhouse________________．直到开完会回来，我才发现有人闯入了我的房子。2ruinvt.(todestroycompletely)(使)消灭；(使)破产；毁坏n．消灭；(theremainsofsomethingdestroyed)(常用复数)废墟；遗迹；剩余(1)inruins严重受损，破败不堪bring…toruin使……消灭；使……没落fallin/intoruin成为废墟(2)ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/声誉【巧学助记】【易混辨析】damage，destroy与ruin这三个词都有“损坏，破坏〞之意，具体区别如下：表示“损害，损坏〞，通常指局部性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效damagedestroy率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。如：Smokingwilldamageyourhealth.吸烟会损害你的健康。表示“毁坏〞，通常指彻底的毁掉或消灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：Thefiredestroyedthebuilding.大火烧毁了大楼。表示“毁坏，消灭〞，指彻底的毁坏、破坏，原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用ruin。如：Anykindofdishonestdealingwillruinhiscareer.任何不诚实的交易都会毁了他的事业。ruin【活学活用】(1)[2015·福建卷·阅读E]Thenmakesurethepeopleyousurroundyourselfwitharesupportive.Don'tletnegativityruinyourmotivation.然后确保你周围的人都是支持你的。不要让消极情绪毁掉你的动机。(2)Havinggonethroughtwoworldwars,thecastle____________________________．经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。(3)Theprojectistotally________bytheflybynightundertakers.这项工程完全是被那些不负责任的承包商破坏的。(4)[2014·福建卷·阅读E]Manyvillagecommunitiesfeeltheircountryside______________bythepower‐producingmachinesofwindfarms.许多村落社区觉得自己的乡村正在被风力发电厂的发电机毁掉。(5)用damage，destroy或ruin的适当形式填空。①Thecarwasnot____________badlyintheaccident,butfivepeoplewereseriouslyhurt.②Shehadnochoicebuttoleavehim.Shecouldnotlethim__________herwholelife.③TheNaziwantedto______________people'shopes,butintheendwhatwasdestroyedwastheNazi'sdreambythepowerofpeople.3shockn．(thefeelingofsurprisewhensomethingbadhappensaccidentally)打击；震动；震惊vt.&vi.(使)震惊；(使)惊愕；(使)触电(1)(be)ashocktosb对某人来说是一个打击agreatshocktosb令某人很震惊的人或事(2)shockedadj.(主语多为人)感到吃惊的，感到惊讶的beshockedat/by…被……震惊beshockedtodosth惧怕做某事(3)shockingadj.(主语多为物)令人气愤的，令人惊讶的[温馨提示]shock意为“令人震惊的人或事〞时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。【活学活用】(1)[2014·陕西卷·完形]Therewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.到处都是血，那位女士局促不安，显然她很害怕。(2)It's______________tohimthathiswifediedinthetrafficaccident.他的妻子在车祸中丧生，这对他来说是一个巨大的打击。(3)Theendofthefilmwasso__________thateveryonewasverymuch____________atit.这部影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。(4)ItshockedMrAdamstoseehis13yearoldsonstealingmoneyfromhiswallet.＝MrAdamswasgreatlyshocked____________(see)his13yearoldsonstealingmoneyfromhiswallet.亚当斯先生发现他13岁的儿子正从他的皮夹子里偷钱时大为震惊。(5)Greatly____________thesadnews,hestoodthere,paralysedwithfear.被这个不幸的消息所震惊，他站在那儿，吓得呆假设木鸡。4trapvt.使陷入困境；设陷阱捕捉(trapped,trapped)n．陷阱；困境；捕捉器(1)betrappedin…陷入……trapsbintodoingsth诱使某人做某事(2)fallintoatrap(＝becaughtinatrap)掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/setatrap(for)安装捕捉机，设陷阱；设计陷害，设圈套【活学活用】(1)[2015·浙江卷·阅读C]Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.光污染对人类的影响并不比对青蛙的少。和大多数其他生物一样，我们也需要黑暗。(2)________________intheminefortwodays,theminersfinallywererescued.在矿井里被困了两天后，矿工们终于获救了。(3)Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerhisquestions.Youmay______________givingawayvitalinformation.回答他的问题之前要仔细思考。你可能会中他的圈套，把重要信息泄露出去。(4)It'sawonderthattheworker________________undergroundforaweekwasfoundalive.那个被困在地底下一个星期的工人被发现还活着，这真是个奇迹。5judgen．法官；(oneappointedtodecidethewinnerofacontestorcompetition)裁判员vt.&vi.(toformanopinionorestimationaftercarefulconsideration)判决；判断；断定(1)judgingfrom/by…根据……来判断(2)judge＋sb/sth＋by/on以……来判断……judge＋sb/sth(＋tobe)＋n./adj.判定……为……judgeit＋adj.＋todosth认为做某事是……(3)judgementn.判断，审判；判断力[温馨提示]judgingfrom/by…置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generallyspeaking一般来说；franklyspeaking坦白地说；considering…考虑到……。【活学活用】(1)[2015·福建卷·完形]Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthantojudgeeverythingsoharshly(评判).很快，她学会了感激生活，不再那么刻薄地评判一切。(2)It'shard______________betweenthetwohandicraftarticles;they'rebothcharming.很难判定这两件工艺品孰优孰劣，它们都很好看。(3)____________hisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。(4)Ifhehadplayedapartinthefilm,he________________________tobethebestactorthisyear.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最优男演员了。6buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏beburiedalive被活埋buryone'sfaceinhands双手掩面beburiedin(doing)sth＝buryoneselfin(doing)sth埋头于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事beburiedinthought陷入沉思[温馨提示]表示“专心于，致力于〞的表达还有：bedevotedto;beabsorbedin;belostin;beoccupiedin;focus/concentrateon;fixone'sattentionon。【活学活用】(1)[2015·江苏卷·阅读A]Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterways.在落后的乡村，请把你的如厕废物掩埋在远离水道的浅洞里。(2)[2014·山东卷·阅读C]Mumbet'stombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshe____________．Mumbet的墓碑仍然屹立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地。(3)Myfather______________abookwhenIwalkedintotheroom.当我走进房间的时候，父亲正在专心看书。(4)Burying____________inherstudy，shedidn'tknowthatalltheothershadleft.她埋头学习，不知道其他人都已经离开了。(5)Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands__________inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.他站在人行道上，双手插在深色外套的口袋里。短语储存1atanend完毕；终结onend连续(地)；直立intheend最后，终于attheendof…在……的末端，在……完毕时bytheendof…到……为止(常与完成时态连用)putanendto完毕【活学活用】(1)ThemeetingwasnearlyatanendwhenIgottothemeetingroom.我到达会议室时，会议快要完毕了。(完毕)(2)Thecourthaspassedsentenceandthematterisnowatanend.法庭已经做出了判决，现在这件事已经告一段落。(告一段落)(3)Imustwarnyouthatmypatienceisalmostatanend.我必须警告你我已经没有多少耐心了。(没有，失去)(4)bytheendof的时态比拟。①Bytheendofthisweek,I____________(finish)mostofthework.到本周末为止，我将会完成大局部工作。②Hisnewlywrittennovel__________(translate)intoEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。(5)用end的短语填空。①The1stroundgame____________.Sofarsogood.The2ndroundwillbetougher.②Iwonderwhatdeterminedhertomarryhim______________．③Theaccident____________mydreamofbecominganOlympicathlete.④Myholidayis____________andImustgobacktoworktomorrow.2a(large)numberof许多的，大量的(1)thenumberof………的数量(2)关于“许多〞“假设干〞的短语：asmallnumberof少量的agreatmany很多quiteafew相当多+可数名词复数+可数名词单数+单数谓语动词manya许多morethanone不止一个agreat/bigdealof许多；很多+不可数名词anamountof/amountsof大量的alittle一些abitof一些+可数名词复数或不可数名词alotof/lotsof许多；大量aquantityof/quantitiesof很多；大量【相关拓展】表示“许多〞的短语可分为三类：alarge/great/goodnumberof，agood/greatmany，quiteafew，dozensof，scoresof修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词agood/greatdealof，alargeamountofalotof，lotsof，alargequantityof，largequantitiesof，plentyof修饰可数或不可数名词[温馨提示](1)“anumberof＋n.(pl.)〞作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多……；大量……〞。“thenumberof＋(pl.)n.〞作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数目〞。如果说“数量多少〞，要用large，small或high，low，不用many，few。(2)aquantityof后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词，在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。即接不可数名词时，如此谓语用单数形式，接复数可数名词时，如此谓语通常要采用复数形式。而quantitiesof后无论接复数可数名词还是不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。(3)alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数形式；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语用复数形式。【活学活用】(1)[2015·安徽卷·阅读D]Thereareanextremelylargenumberofantsworldwide.Eachindividual(个体的)anthardlyweighsanything,butputtogethertheyweighroughlythesameasallofmankind.世界上有极大量的蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁几乎没什么重量，但是如果把所有蚂蚁加在一起，它们的重量却和所有人类加起来的重量大致相当。(2)Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________fifty，butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.被邀请参加聚会的有50人，但其中许多人由于不同的原因而缺席。(3)Afterweusethenewrecyclingmethod,alargenumberoftrees________________(save).我们利用新的回收方法后，大量的树木已被拯救。(4)Largequantitiesofinformation，aswellassometimelyhelp________________(offer)sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.该组织建立以来已经提供了大量的信息和与时的帮助。(5)Alargeamountofmoney____________(spend)onthebridge,whichwastobecompletedthenextmonth.大笔的钱被花在了建桥上，这座桥预计下个月竣工。句型透视1Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。notall/both/everything并非都(局部否认)【句式点拨】该句是表示局部否认的句型。all…not…＝notall…，意为“并非所有的……都……〞。英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否认词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成局部否认，表示“并非都〞。而no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，noone，nowhere，nomore等表否认的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用均构成全部否认。【活学活用】(1)Notalltheuniversitiesallowstudentstostopout.＝Alltheuniversitiesdon'tallowstudentstostopout.不是所有的大学都允许学生中途辍学。(2)Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith________．我同意你说的大局部内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。(3)Iloverunning,but____________________isborntobearunner.我喜欢跑步，但不是每个人生来就适合跑步。(4)It'saneitherorsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholiday,butwecan'tdo________.这是一个非此即彼的情形——今年我们可以购置一辆新车，我们也可以去度假，但是我们不能两者兼得。2Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！仿佛到了世界末日！seemasthough/if…似乎，好似……【句式点拨】本句中asif“仿佛，好似〞，既可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句，本句中引导的是表语从句。asif从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)从句谓语动词用过去完成时(如果从句有表示过去时间的词语，如与过去事实相反此谓语动词用一般过去时)与将来事实相反从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形〞如：Itlooksasifwe'llbelate.看起来我们可能要迟到了。(可能性极大)Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.看样子好似要下雨了。(可能性不大)Whenthemoviestarshookhandswithhim,hefeltasifhewerewalkingonair.当那位电影明星和他握手的时候，他高兴得有些飘飘然了。(非真实情况)[温馨提示]asthough/if引导状语从句时，假设主、从句主语一致，从句谓语是be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，即“asthough/if＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式〞。如：Jasonpausedasif(hewas)expectingLannytospeak.Jason暂停下来，好似他在期待Lanny讲话。Heopenedhismouthasthough/if(hewas)tosaysomething.他张开嘴好似要说什么。【活学活用】(1)[2015·湖南卷·阅读C]Afterhesteadiedhimself,heshookGlenn'smother'shand,andtheinspectioncontinuedasthoughnothinghadhappened.他站稳身子后，握着格伦母亲的手，并假设无其事地继续查看着。(过去的虚拟)(2)[2015·福建卷·阅读B]Papawasthinkingaboutwhatwassaid,asifthesalvation(拯救)oftheworldwoulddependuponit.爸爸仍旧在思考所说的话，仿佛世界的救赎将取决于它。(将来的虚拟)(3)[2015·浙江卷·阅读C]We'velitupthenightasifit____________(be)anunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.我们照亮了夜晚，就如它是一个无人控管的国度，那时没有离真理更远的东西了。(4)[2014·重庆卷·单项填空]ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________(do)it?是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你和我讲起话来好似是我打破的呢？Ⅰ.单句填空1．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings________________(destroy).2．Once____________(bury)inreadingabook,hewillforgeteverythingaroundhim.3．Thenewsofthesuddendeathoftheyoungfamouspianistcamethismorning,whichmadehisfans____________(shock).4．Anumberofchildren____________parentswerekilledintheearthquakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.5．Ifithadn'tbeenforyourtimelyhelp,we____________________(trap)inadilemmanow.6.Whenthebossgottothefactory__________midnight,hefoundit__________ruins.7．Thankyouverymuchforyournoteofcongratulation____________myreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinchemistry.8．Hisbestfriendwaskilledbytheenemyunder__________(extreme)questionablecircumstances.9．OnseeingtheformerchampionoftheOlympicsappearonthestage,theaudienceburstout____________(cheer)．10．Howwildhiswhitehairlookedasifit______________________(electrify)!Ⅱ.单句改错1．Iwanttomakeuseofthisopportunitytoexpresscongratulationsinyoursuccess.2．Judgedbythecurrentsituation,thereisasmallchancethatalargescalewarwillbreakoutbetweenthetwocountries.3．Georgeisorganized，easygoing，hardworkingandintelligent.Inaword，Ican'tthinktoohighofhim.4．Thewholecitywascompletelydestroyedinthesuddenflood，leavingeverythingtothenativepeople.5．Standinginthevillagewhichlayinruin,theoldmancouldn'thelpthinkingalotandbecameverysad.6．Followingthegirl，wewentintoahall，onwh