(英语)高考英语试卷英语阅读理解(科普环保)题分类汇编及解析

（英语）高考英语试卷英语阅读理解(科普环保)题分类汇编及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationashouseholdhelpsandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.

AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig-Maximilians-Universitaet(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.

AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:"Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?"Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanized(人性化的)tovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.

Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.

"Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,"saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."（1）Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A.

Howtohumanizethem.B.

Howtotreattheminlife.C.

Howtousethemeffectively.D.

Howtofindmoreapplications.（2）Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.A.

whentosacrificearobotB.

wheretoexperiencerisksC.

whichrobottoworkwithD.

whatrobotsshouldbelike（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?A.

Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B.

Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.C.

Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D.

Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Robots,AMustforFutureB.

HumanizedRobots,ANewTrendC.

RobotSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD.

HumanizedRobots,ReplaceHuman【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待他们，如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.”可知，随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能，承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives?’"可知，在这项研究中，参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot,’saysPaulus."Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous."可知，Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远，可以推断出，Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。因此标题“机器人被拯救，人类就会承受打击”最切题，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二极管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。”（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。”故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡议)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提炼)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.

E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.

Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.

Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.

NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?A.

startingperiod

B.

collectioneffort

C.

finalstage

D.

hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.

Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.

Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.

Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.

Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Ambiguous

D.

Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Slowlybutsurely

we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmart-homesecuritytoself-drivingcars,alltheinternet-connecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightning-fastspeedswithreduceddelay,Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbycomparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.

“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theself-drivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基础设施)construction.There'slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeed.

Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven'tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechcompaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.

EricssonstatedatFebruary'sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbecomefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithcomponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.

Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.（1）WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.

Thelighting-fastspeedof5G.B.

Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.

Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.D.

Theinternet-connecteddevicesinourlife.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emblem"inParagraph2mean?A.

Exhibition.

B.

Success.

C.

Symbol.

D.

Explanation.（3）Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.

5Gworldwon'tcomewithoutARglassesB.

5GhelpstocreatetheartificialintelligencevehicleC.

ApplecompanyisdevelopingARglassesworldwideD.

Techcompanieswillfacethefactthatsmartphonesmaybereplaced（4）Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.

Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.

Smartglasseswillbecomefasterandlighter.C.

Why5Gisn'tconcentratedinbigcities.D.

Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们离5G世界越来越近了。（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Slowlybutsurely,we'removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.”缓慢但肯定的是，我们离5G世界越来越近了。可知，作者在第一段想强调“5G光速快。”故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“andthatistosay,itisasignoftim”也就是说，这是时间的标志，”可知，划线词的意思是“标志，象征”。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ThisisnotablebecausecompaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.”这一点值得注意，因为据报道，苹果(Apple)等公司正在开发增强现实眼镜，以帮助——甚至取代——智能手机。”可知，我们可以从文中推断，科技公司将面临智能手机可能被取代的事实。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Butdon'tgettooexcited.There'sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn'tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.”但是不要太激动。与此同时，仍有很多工作要做，包括各种试验，以确保收音机能很好地配合硬件和基础设施建设，这样5G就不会只集中在大城市。”可知，作者接下来可能会告诉我们“如何全面扩大5G覆盖。”故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Three-quartersoftheworld'scoffeefarmsdestroyforesthabitattogrowcoffeeinthesunandtypicallyuseharmfulpesticides(杀虫剂)andchemicalsthatpoisontheenvironment.Whenforestsdisappear,migratory(迁徙的)songbirdsdisappear,too.Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.

BirdFriendlycoffeesareshade-grown,meaningthecoffeeisplantedundertrees,ratherthanonthelandthathasbeenclearedofallotherplants.Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.BirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesgrowunderbio-diverseshadethatprovideshabitatformigratorysongbirdsandotherwildlife,storescarbonandfightsclimatechange.BirdFriendlycoffeesarealsocertifiedorganic,meaningtheyaregrownwithoutpesticides,whichisbetterforpeopleandfortheplanet.

BirdFriendlyproducerscanalsoearnmorefortheircrops.Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.EverycupofBirdFriendlycoffeepurchasedrewardsthesefarmerswithalittlemoremoneyforbeinggoodstewardsoftheenvironmentandencouragesthemtocontinueconservingBirdFriendlyhabitat.

BuyingBirdFriendlysupportstheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter'sconservationresearchaimedatunderstandingandprotectingyourfeatheredfriends.YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup.Findastoreorcafenearyou,orbetteryet,haveitshippedtoyourdoorwhenyouorderonline.（1）Whatisthepresentsituationofcoffeefarms?A.

Onefourthofthemhavedestroyedforesthabitatforbirds.B.

Pesticidesandchemicalsusedonthempoisonedmanybirds.C.

Farmershavebeenawareofenvironmentprotection.D.

Scientistspayattentiontothemandhavecomeupwithanidea.（2）What'sacharacteristicofBirdFriendlycoffees?A.

Theymayhaveabettertaste.

B.

Theyhaveastrangeflavor.C.

Theytakelesstimetoripen.

D.

Theyaregrownonunpollutedland.（3）HowcanBirdFriendlyfarmersearnmoremoney?A.

Bychargingconsumersmoremoney.

B.

Bysellingfruitsandwoodfromtrees.C.

Bycuttingdowntreesandsellingwood.

D.

Byservingasstewardsofcoffeeconsumers.（4）Whatdoesthetextsuggestcoffeeconsumersdo?A.

Consumelesscoffee.

B.

Ordercoffeeonline.C.

Purchaseshade-growncoffee.

D.

Donatetocoffeefarmers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了theBirdFriendlycertification。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“

Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.

”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的thewoodandfruittrees增加收入，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“

YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup”你能在全世界买BirdFriendly认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.

Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.

AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.

Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.

NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.

Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.（2）Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.（3）Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?A.Sentout.B.Sentup.C.Sentin.D.Senton.（4）Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe

.A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhiB.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhiC.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhiD.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题；第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产，是不会抱怨的，故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Itistheidealwayfortravelertoensuretheywakeupwiththeperfectview—aportableEco-capsulethatcanbesetupanywhereintheworld.Theegg-shapedpod(独立舱)ensurestravelerscancampinthemostextremecornerswithalltheluxuryofahotelroom.

Lookinglikesomethinginasci-fimovie,thepodisequippedwithsolarpanels,whichguaranteesolarenergyasitspower.Inthiswaythetinyhomecanletyoulivecomfortablywhereveryoutravel.Itevenhasitsownshowerandtoilet,sleepingareafortwo,andasmallkitchen.The3,306ibpodscanbetransportedinasea-container,meaningthepossibilitiesareendless.

Bratislava-basedNiceArchitectsarebehindtheextraordinaryEco-capsulesandsaidtheyinitiallydesignedthemforpeoplewhostayinthenatureforalongtime.However,itquicklybecameapparentthattheycouldbeopeneduptothewiderpublicandevenusedinurbanareastofightagainsthighrentandplacedonroofsforstudiospaceorlivingquarters.TheEco-capsulecanserveasacottage,apop-uphotelorevenasachargingstationforelectriccars.TheEco-capsulescouldevenbequicklyimportedforhousingforemergencyteamswhohavebeenquicklyarrangedtohelpwithnaturaldisasters.Describedbythewebsiteasa"SwissArmyknife"—itpackseverythingyouneed,theself-containedunitcansustainlongperiodsoftimewithoutexternalresources.

The86sqftpodsareabletosleeptwopeopleforuptoyearandforthoseworriedaboutacoldnight'ssleep,theEco-capsulehasathicklayerwhichsignificantlyreduceheatloss.

Thepodisdesignedtocopewithextremeweatherconditionsduetoitsinnovative(创新的)designandmaterialsused.NowondertheNiceArchitectsaresoconfidentaboutitsfutureandtheproducersarereceivingheavyorders.（1）WheredoestheEco-capsulegetpower?A.

Fromachargingstation.

B.

Fromaportablebattery.C.

Fromsolarpanels.

D.

Fromelectriccars.（2）WhommaybetheEco-capsuleinitiallydesignedfor?A.

Astronauts.

B.

Officeladies.

C.

Homelesspeople.

D.

Fieldbiologists.（3）TheEco-capsule'susersdon'tworryaboutcoldnessbecause_______.