《建筑初步》之建筑概论

建筑初步Architecturedesigne7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5Ce7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C1、建筑功能

建筑分为居住、教育、交通、医疗……，但各种类型的建筑都应满足下述基本功能要求：

（1）人体活动尺度的要求

（2）人的生理和心理要求

（3）人的使用要求：

流线、疏散建筑概论构成建筑的基本要素建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C1、建筑的功能

建筑分为居住、教育、交通、医疗……，但各种类型的建筑都应满足下述基本功能要求：

（3）人的使用要求：

流线、疏散你能想到哪些建筑是有流线顺序要求的？e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5Ce7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C1、建筑的功能

建筑分为居住、教育、交通、医疗……，但各种类型的建筑都应满足下述基本功能要求：

（2）人的生理和心理要求

建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C1、建筑的功能

建筑分为居住、教育、交通、医疗……，但各种类型的建筑都应满足下述基本功能要求：

（1）人体活动尺度的要求门高、宽窗台高座椅高走道宽（n人并行）……建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（1）建筑结构（2）建筑材料（3）建筑施工（4）建筑形象：

比例、尺度、对比、韵律、均衡、稳定建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（1）建筑结构建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（2）建筑材料建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（3）建筑施工建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

比例、尺度、对比、韵律、均衡、稳定建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

比例：建筑各种长短、高矮、大小等的比较关系。推敲比例！建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

尺度：建筑与人之间的关系，建筑各部分之间的关系。建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

尺度：建筑与人之间的关系，建筑各部分之间的关系。建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

对比：形状、质地、方向、虚实……建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

韵律建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

均衡：对称、不对称建筑概论建筑基本构成要素e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C2、物质技术条件（4）建筑形象：

稳定：建筑重心不超过底面积范围时。建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C1、空间和人对空间的感受

在我们周围的生活中，可以看到人们用各种手段取得适合于自己需要的空间。你想坐哪个位置？把自己设身处地放在你的设计里建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C

建筑空间是一种人为的空间。在建筑艺术表现方面，古典建筑更倾向于把建筑视为一种造型艺术(实），在建筑的实体处理上取得了极高的成就。

近代建筑则更加强调建筑的空间以，认为建筑是空间艺术（虚）。e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5Ce7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C3、

建筑空间与建筑功能

（1）空间大小与形状

平面形状

剖面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建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C3、

建筑空间与建筑功能

（2）空间组织：

A、根据空间属性划分

流通空间与滞留空间

公共空间和私密空间

主导空间与从属空间建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C3、

建筑空间与建筑功能

（2）空间组织：

B、根据空间组织划分

并列关系

序列关系

主从关系

综合关系建筑概论建筑空间处理手法e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C4、

建筑空间处理手法

（1）空间的限定：垂直、水平、综合

建筑概论建筑空间处理手法e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C4、

建筑空间处理手法

（2）空间的穿插与贯通（水平、垂直）：

功能需求、增加空间层次感与流动感。

建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C老子曰：“埏植以为器，当其无有器之用。凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。故有之以为利，无之以为用。”糅合黏土做成器具，正因为中间是空的，所以才有器具的作用。凿了门窗盖成一个房子，正因为中间是空的，才有房子的作用。”建筑概论建筑空间e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC088C283181605E184D6D6879568EB73EB808A103F0784C8DFC3E9CDD14B61FDDA6A8A6237D2DFE3BBAEC8979D824A43E015648F6CB3D1F8D3E352A4BDC9925C075CFF312C4A0BE75FDF5C建筑设计空间的艺术课后作业e7d195523061f1c01da5a1f0837ac25283df40ff0a16bfd61AE6AB84AD7EB485CA8019BF267F2027DE2BF09650313B56A435BB3664F8B916CA3777391AC0