10月现代语言学自考试题

2009年10月现代语言学自考试题全国2009年10月自考

现代语言学试题

课程代码：00830

Ⅰ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.

(2%10=20%)

1.Saussureused______torefertotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.()

A.performanceB.parole

C.langueD.competence

2.InEnglish,aphonememayberepresentedbytwoormoreallophones.Thechoiceoftheallophoneis______.()

A.randomB.rule-governed

C.haphazardD.unpredictable

3.Inword-formation,a______isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.()

A.phonemeB.word

C.compoundD.morpheme

4.A______categoryusuallyreferstoawordorphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction,suchasthesubjectorpredicateinasentence.()

A.lexicalB.phrasal

C.syntacticD.phonetic

5.Inthefollowingpairsofwords,______areapairofrelationalopposites.()

A.“buy”and“sell”B.“male”and“female”

C.“hot”and“cold”D.“alive”and“dead”

6.Theillocutionarypointof______hasthecharacteristicthatthesuccessfulperformanceofanactofthiskindbringsaboutthecorrespondencebetweenwhatissaidandreality.()

A.directivesB.declarations

C.commissivesD.representatives

7.OldEnglishhadarichcase-endingsystem,e.g.,OldEnglishnounhadfourcases,i.e.,nominative,genetive,dativeand______.()

A.possessiveB.vocative

C.accusativeD.locative

8.______dialectsarecharacteristicofaparticulartypeoflinguisticactivityandappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.()

A.SocialB.Ethnic

C.RegionalD.Situational

9.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageoftenbillionnervecellscalled______.()

A.nervefibersB.nerves

C.neuronsD.cerebralcortex

10.Bythetimechildrenaregoingbeyondthe______stage,theybegintoincorporatesomeoftheinflectionalmorphemes.()

A.telegraphicB.multiword

C.two-wordD.one-word

II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)

11.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnot,itissaidtobep.

12.Languagesthatusethepitchofindividualsyllablestocontrastmeaningsarecalledt

languages.Pitchvariationscanbeusedtodistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.

13.Imorphemesarethosemorphemesthatshowvariousgrammaticalrelationsorcategoriessuchasnumber,tenseandcase.

14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.

15.Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalledp,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

16.ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPrincipleliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconveymorethanisliterallysaid.

17.Themethodofrofaparentlanguagefromacomparisonofitsdaughterlanguagesiscalledthecomparativemethod.

18.Theavoidanceofusingtlanguagemirrorssocialattitude,emotionsandvaluejudgements.

19.Genie’scasenotonlyconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesis,butalsotheviewthathuman’slanguageadeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilities.

20.Ifthetargetlanguagefunctionsasaforeignlanguage,thelearnerislikelytobenefitfroman

imotivation.

Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinkso.(2%10=20%)

21.()Thearbitrarynatureoflanguageisabsolute,i.e.,therearenowordsinworldlanguagesthatmaintainacorrespondencebetweenformandsound.

22.()Certainstringsofphonemesarepermissibleandothersarenot.Ifawordbeginswithan/1/or/r/,thenextsegmentmustbeavowel.Thatiswhy/1bIk/doesnotsoundlikeanEnglishword.Itviolatestherestrictiononthesequencingofphonemes.

23.()Thedifferentstressesusedinacompounddonotusuallyaffectthemeaningofthecompound.

24.()Therecursivepropertiesofphrasestructurerulesenabletheserulestogenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength.

25.()Entailmentisarelationofinclusion.IfXentailsY,themeaningofXisincludedinY.

26.()Performativesaresentencesthatdonotstateafactordescribeastate,andarenotverifiable.

27.()Anotherkindofchangethatcanbethoughtofas“economyofmemory”resultsinareductionofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes.Forexample,childrenandadultsarepresentlysayingIdreamedlastnight(insteadofdreamt).Thiskindofchangehasbeencalledrulesimplification.

28.()Onestrikingfactabouttheasymmetrybetweenmaleandfemaletermsinmanylanguagesisthatwhentherearemale/femalepairs,themaleformforthemostpartisunmarkedandthefemaletermisproducedbyaddingaboundmorphemeorbycompounding.

29.()Researchfindingshaveshownthatlanguageprocessingcentersaresituatedinasingleareaofthelefthemisphere.

30.()Thegrammaticalerrorsthatoccurinsecondlanguageacquisitioncanallbeexplainedbymothertongueinterference.

Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration,ifnecessary.(3%10=30%)

31.synchronicstudy

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