英语四级考试模拟模拟真题及答案

6月大学英语四级考试真题PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis36thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost."Allchildrenare37toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis38importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull39,"U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep40ofournation'steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill41theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto42ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand43effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."Today'sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a44ofPresidentObama'syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe45ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitmentE.componentF.contestsG.criticallyH.developI.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potentialM.properlyN.qualifiedO.retainSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheChangesFacingFastFoodA）Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whoselogosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"tradingdown”provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.C)Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.Insalesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald's,theworld'slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.D)Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.E）Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.F）Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.G）Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald’sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafe"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.H)Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald’swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatorofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"saysRickCarlucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.I)Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.J)Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America’shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunlinDonutsoutletwasnearby--asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labelingcouldfavorchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie”HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.47.Fast-foodfinsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.55.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofwhattheyserveonthemenu.SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomastheevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.AAustralianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotectionnotsunscreenseemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperlyapplyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworryingrecentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.58.WhatdowelearnfromtheAustralianstudyof1,621people?A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.BHigh-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.59.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育顶峰期诞生美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefamed-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?A.Longerlifeexpectancies.B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.BGovernmentbudgetswillincrease.C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国是世界上最古老文明之一。组成当代世界基础许多元素都起源于中国。中国此刻拥有世界上进展最快经济，并正经历着一次新工业革命。中国还开启了雄心勃勃太空探讨打算，其中包含到建成一个太空站。现在，中国是世界最大出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。6月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解PartⅢReadingComprehension美国教育部正在尽力确保全部学生享受同意高质量教育乎等权利：今天，它(36)宣告开始实施“为全部学生提供优异教育工作者”活动方案。这一方案将帮忙各州和各学区为那些有最迫切需要学生提供优异教育工锋者支持.“全部小孩.不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应(37)有权利同意高质量教育。为教师和校长们提供帮忙学生发挥全数(39)潜力所需支持是(38)相当主要，”美国教育部部长阿恩·邓肯说。“尽管咱们国家教师和校长们工作超卓且全情(40)投入，全国各地那些极为贫困及少数民族聚集学校学生依然受到不公正对待：咱们必需尽力做到愈加好。地址官员和教育工作者都将(41)形成他们自己制造性处理方案，可是咱们必需一起尽力，(42)增强咱们关于怎样愈加好地为全部学生招募、支持和(43)留住优异教师和校长关注，专门是那些最需要他们小孩们。”今天公告是改进取得高质量教育权利又一主要步骤，是奥巴马总统行动年一个(44)组成部份。今天晚些时候，邓肯部长将率领召开与来自全国各地校长和学校教师展开圆桌会议，讨论关于在高需求学校工作面临(45)挑战和怎样采取有前途举措以支持在这些学校教育工作者：名词：C)challenges挑战；D)commitment投入，许诺；E)component组成部份，部件；F)contests竞赛；L)potential潜力，可能性动词：A)announcing宣告，宣称；H)develop形成，进展；I)distributing分发，散布；J)enhance增强，提升；K)entitled使(某人)有权利；O)retain留用形容词：B)beneficial有利，有利；N)qualified胜任，合格副词：G)critically专门大程度上，极为重腹地；M)properly合理地，正确地36.A)announcing。动词辨析题。句首显现时刻状语today，空格位于系动词is和名词短语thelaunchof…之间，所以空格处需要填人动词此刻分词形式，组成此刻进行时。前一句提到，美国教育部正在尽力确保全部学生享受同意高质量教育平等权利。所以，空格处需要填人一个能够与名词launch组成动宾搭配动词，表示“宣告开始实施一项方案或活动”。由此确信announcing为此题答案，意思是“宣告”。备选词中，distributing意思是“分发，散布”，与此处文意不符，且无法与launch组成动宾搭配，故排除。37.K)entitled。动词辨析题。空格前面是系动词are，后面是介词to及其宾语，所以空格处需要填入形容词作表语或动词被动语态，并与介词to搭配。上文提到，美国教育部今天宣告开始实施为全部学生提供优异教育工作者活动方案，本句说明了实施此方案缘故，即全部小孩都应有权利同意高质量教育。所以，空格处需要填人一个表示“有权利”或“有资格”形容词，且能够与介词to搭配，备选形容词中只有entitled同时符合这两项要求，由此确信其为此题答案。beentitledto意思是“有……资格”。备选词中，beneficial意思是“有利，有利”，与此处文意不符，排除；qualified意思是“有资格”，但不能与介词to搭配利用，所以也能够排除。38.G)critically。副词辨析题。空格前面是系动词is，后面是形容词important，所以空格处需要填入一个副词，用来修饰形容词important。上句提到，全部小孩，不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应有权利同意高质量教育，本句承接上句，说明为教师和校长们提供帮忙学生发挥全数潜力所需支持主要性。所以，空格处需要填入一个表示“超级，相当，很”副词，与important表示“相当主要”意义，由此确信副词critically为此题答案，意思是“专门大程度上，极为重腹地”。备选词中，properly意思是“合理地，正确地”，与此处文意不符，所以能够排除。39.L)potential。名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词性物主代词their及形容词hill，所以空格处需要填人一个名词。本句提到要为教师和校长们提供支持，而这些支持是为了帮忙学生发挥其全数潜力。所以，空格处需要填入一个能与动词reach相搭配名词，且表示“潜力，能力”意义，由此确信名词potential为此题答案，意思是“潜力”。备选词中，challenges意思是“挑战”，commitment意思是“投入，许诺”，component意思是“组成部份，部件”，contests意思是“竞赛”，均与此处文意不符，且不能与动词reach搭配，能够排除。40.D)commitment。名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词deep，后面为介词of，所以空格处需要填人名词。依照连词and能够判定，该名词与and前面excellentwork在意义上应该是并列，且依照上下文，此处要表示意义是教师和校长们工作超卓且尽力。所以，空格处名词表示是“尽力”或“投入”意思，且为不可数抽象名词，备选词中只有commitment一词符合要求，由此确信其为此题答案。备选词中challenges和contests均为可数名词复数形式，能够排除；component意思是“组成部份，部件”，与此处文意不符，且不能用deep进行修饰，能够排除；potential已经用过，直接排除。41.H)develop。动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词will，后面为名词短语theirowncreativeSolutions，所以空格处需要填入动词原形，与will组成一样以后时态，并与名词Solutions组成动宾短语。Solutions意思是“处理方案”，所以填入动词应该表示“想出，找到”或“研究出，制订出”意义。由此能够确信，动词develop为此题答案，意思是“形成”。备选词中，enhance意思是“增强，提升”，retain意思是“留用”，均不能与Solutions搭配，且与此处文意不符，所以能够排除。42.J)enhance。动词辨析题。空格前面是动词短语worktogether及动词不定式符号to，后面是名词短语ourfocus，所以空格处需要填入动词原形，且与Ourfocus组成动宾搭配。依照上下文，教育部长认为咱们必需一起尽力增强关于一些问题关注。所以，空格处填人动词应该表示“增强，增加”意义，由此能够确信，动词enhance为此题答案，意思是“增强，提升”。备选词中，develop已经用过，直接排除；retain意思是“留用”，与此处文意不符，也能够排除。43.O)retain。动词辨析题。依照and前面两个动词recruit和support及其形式能够判定，空格处需要填入是动词原形，且与recruit和support组成并列关系，recruit意思是“招募”，support意思是“支持，配置”，宾语都是空格后effectiveteachersandprincipals，由此能够确信，动词retain为此题答案。44.E)component。名词辨析题。空格前面是不定冠词a，后面是介词of，所以空格处需要填入可数名词单数形式。前面讲到，今天公告是改进取得高质量教育权利又一主要步骤，而介词of后面又提到了奥巴马总统行动年，所以能够判定今天公告内容是奥巴马总统行动年行动内容之一，空格处应填入表示“内容，组成部份”名词。由此能够确信名词component为此题答案，意思是“组成部份”。备选词中，commitment和potential已经用过，直接排除；challenges和contests均为可数名词复数形式，也能够排除。45.C)challenges。名词辨析题。空格前面是定冠词the，后面是介词of，所以空格处应填入名词形式。本句介绍是邓肯部长将率领召开与来自全国各地校长和学校教师展开圆桌会议内容，依照上下文，在高需求学校工作必将面临更多挑战或困难。所以，空格处填入名词可能表示“困难，问题”或“挑战”意义，由此能够判定，名词challenges为此题答案，意思是“挑战”。备选词中，commitment，potential和component均用过，直接排除；contests意思是“竞赛”，与此处文意不符，也能够排除。快餐业面临改变A)快餐业不能不成为一个厚着脸皮生存群体。健康教授因其向人们兜销令人肥胖食物而不停对其进行猛烈抨击。评论家们乃至埋怨说商标代表超高热量麦当劳不该该获准赞助世界杯。(47)这些是快餐业已经学会去向理一些情形。可是，可能撑不了多久。当汉堡企业预备采取策略来对全世界经济转变做出回应时,还面临着来自监管部门更多压力。B)快餐曾经被认为能够抗击经济衰退。(50)逻辑上，当消费者要削减开支时，巨无霸和皇堡等廉价食物会变得更有吸引力。在最近经济衰退中，当快餐商家留住了那些在休闲餐馆也付不起钱消费者时，如此“降级消费”得以证实。在美国，那个快餐发源地，伴伴随快餐业打折活动和促销活动，比如推出l美元菜单和廉价什锦饭，快餐店客流也变得兴隆起来。C)结果，快餐连锁企业比那些贵一点同行们愈加好地度过了这次经济危机。在美国提供全方位效劳餐馆营业额与以前同期相较有超出6％降幅，可是快餐连锁企业营业额却依然维持不变。其余国家市场，如日本、法国和英国，在快餐上整体消费呈增加态势。在美国同行业营业额中，世界上最大快餐企业麦当劳在没有下滑情形下度过了经济衰退期。以其新鲜原料闻名美国快餐连锁店帕尼罗面包一样表现良好，因为它以比饭馆低廉价钱提供了更高质量食物。D)但并非全部快餐企业都如此幸运。诸如汉堡王等许多企业营业额就有所下滑。(51)在经济衰退严峻时期，尽管一些人降级消费转向快餐，但许多人为了省钱而更频繁地在家里用饭。瑞士联合银行分析师大卫·帕尔曼表示，在美国，一些小型快餐连锁店，如玩偶匣和卡乐星，在这次经济衰退中受到了专门严峻冲击，因为它们要与麦当劳如此全世界性快餐巨头进行竞争。去年，在其余企业都降低广告投入情形下，麦当劳在广告宣传土投入却增加了7％多。E)一些快餐企业还不吝捐躯自己利润试图给用户们愈加好优惠。(52)在经济衰退期间，很多商家采取低价策略，他们期望一旦吸引用户进门，就能够够劝说他们购置稍贵产品。但在多数情形下，这种策略并非奏效。去年，汉堡王特许经销商就因为双层奶酪汉堡促销活动而起诉该企业，宣称以l美元出售这些本钱价为1.10美元产品对他们来讲是不公平。五月份法官裁决表示支持汉堡王。尽管如此，这家企业可能仍是要咒骂其做出促销廉价菜品而不是更高价菜品决定，因为这些“实惠菜单”上菜品在销售总额中所占百分比从去年lo月l2％上升到了此刻20％。F)(54)分析人士对今年快餐业适度增加有所期待。可是衰退形势促使商家从头考虑他们策略。此刻许多商家推出一些价钱稍高商品试图将消费者从1美元特价商品中吸引回来。拥有塔可钟和必胜客百胜餐饮集团旗下品牌肯德基已经推出了一款售价约5美元鸡肉三明治。五月份汉堡王推出了7美元八个烤猪排。G)许多快餐企业也试图让消费者购置包含饮料在内更多新产品。麦当劳开始销售更优质咖啡作为对星巴克挑战。它“麦克咖啡”系列在美国本土销售量约占6％。(48)星巴克已经将它西雅图最好咖啡品牌版权出售给了汉堡王，该咖啡将在今年晚些时候开始销售。H)因为销售策略从“大尺寸”向“更多买家”转变，快餐商家需要维持一天高客流量。(53)许多商家看到了早饭市场庞大商机，而不是仅仅出售高脂肪食物。麦当劳明年将在美国销售粥类食物。伯恩斯坦调查企业分析师莎拉·塞纳托尔表示，早饭市场具备专门好盈利潜力，因为其利润相当高。快餐商家也在增加中午和夜晚小吃种类，比如混合型饮料及包装食物。其方式是，经过在菜单上涵盖更广范围，“咱们能够卖给消费者他们一整天都需要食物，”百胜集团首席财务官瑞克·卡如茨说道。I)可是那些越长越粗腰围怎样办呢?到现在为止，快餐企业已经伶俐地躲开了政府监管。(49)经过提供一些健康选择，像沙拉和低热量三明治，这些企业最少给人们留下了采取行动帮忙反抗肥胖印象。提供这些东西未必是赔本特卖品，因为它们增强了廉价食物店对食客群体，包含不想吃汉堡人们吸引力。可是消费者不能被强制点沙拉来代替薯条。J)在以后，简单提供一些健康可供选择食物可能是不够。“每一个我所了解包装食物和餐馆企业此刻都在关切法律要求，”瑞银集团帕尔曼先生表示。(55)今年美国国会经过健康改革法案要求拥有20家及以上连锁店餐馆将它们所供给食物卡路里含量印制在菜单上。一项由美国国家经济研究局开展对在纽约推出相同热量张贴法案对星巴克妨碍跟踪调查发觉，在隔壁有唐恩都乐连锁店情形下，星巴克每次交易中平均热量值降低了6％，而收益增加了3％——也确实是说，这些菜单标签有利于这些连锁企业提供更健康菜品。K)为了幸免与美国和其余地址法规起冲突，快餐企业将不能不继续创新。麦当劳沃特·瑞克宣称其企业已经对菜单进行了改良，这意味着麦当劳与几年前相较会提供更多健康食物。“与世界上其余餐饮企业相较，咱们可能会销售更多蔬菜、更多牛奶、更多沙拉和更多苹果，”他说道。(46)可是加利福尼亚州一个小镇最近提出一项议案，即禁止麦当劳在其高热量“欢乐套餐”中附赠玩具，因为立法者们认为这会引诱小孩们去吃不健康食物，这说明还有更多情形等着快餐企业去做。46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.有些人提议立法来禁止麦当劳将玩具附赠到为小孩提供特价食物上。由题干中proposelaws和toys定位到文章K)段画线处。K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.47.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.快餐企业在很快以后可能不能处置来自食物法规压力。由题干中copewith，pressures和foodregulation定位到文章A)段画线处。A)Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald’s,whoselogosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.汉堡王将开始出售西雅图最好咖啡来提升销售额。由题干中Burgerrang和Seattle’sBestcoffee定位到文章G)段画线处。G)Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafe"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshasSoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.一些快餐企业提供健康食物以给人留下他们在帮忙处理肥胖问题印象。由题干中healthyfood，givetheimpression和obesity定位到文章I)段画线处。I)Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingSomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludeSomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.在经济衰退期，很多用户为了省钱都转向快餐。由题干中recession，customers和fastfood定位到文章B)段画线处。B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"tradingdown"provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.在经济衰退时期，很多人为了省钱而降低在外用饭次数。由题于中eatout，savemoney和recession定位到文章D)段西线处。D)Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whileSomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald’s,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing’spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemSoftenprovedineffective.在经济衰退时期，汉堡王提供低价食物促销策略经常被证实是没有成效。由题干中BurgerKing，strategy和low-priceditems定位到文章E)段画线处。E)Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBur