2022年职称英语理工类C级模拟试题

2022年职称英语理工类C级模拟试题(2)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请认真阅读短文并依据短文答复其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇EndangeredSpecies

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangeofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation(捕食).Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment(侵害)onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredfornumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats(栖息地).Drainageofwetlands(沼泽地),cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationcrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmall“islands”losecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmenteffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheconventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement(实施)andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseoflackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

31Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanyspeciessincethe17thcentury?

AHumanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

BSomeendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

CThedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

DTheworld’sclimatehaschangedgreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

32Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto

Athelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater.

Bthewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw.

Cthepiecesoflandseparatedbymodernbuildingsandroads.

Dthesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies.

33ThispassagementionsallofthefollowingcausesfortheextinctionofmanyspeciesEXCEPT

Anaturalselectionofspecies.

Bvariousnaturaldisasters.

Ccommercialtradeandkilling.

Ddestructionofnaturalsurroundings.

34Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

AGovernmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

BPeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

CRelevantlawmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

DSomeorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenot