2020年7月英语四级真题

大学英语四级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2020年7月)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Watchtheweatherforecast.C)AvoidtravelonWednesday.B)Evacuatetheareawiththeorangealert.D)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.2.A)Paymoreattentiontotheroads.C)Bringmoremobilephones.B)Stayatasaferplace.D)Takeatrainhome.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)ThereisonlyoneecosysteminEurope.B)Romania’swetlandsthriveagain.C)ThewildlifeinRomaniaisn’twellprotected.D)Thereare200speciesofbirdsinRomania’swetlands.4.A)Blockthewaterways.C)Usemonitoringequipment.B)Restorethefishingban.D)Prohibitfishinginthenext10years.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hehadacaraccident.B)Heattendedhisgraduationceremony.C)Hehadaheartattack.D)Hegaveaperformanceintheauditorium.6.A)Whathappenedtohim.C)Whenthegraduationceremonywas.B)Whatdateitwas.D)Wherehewas.7.A)Hewasreallytouchedbyhisclassmates.B)Hedidn’tknowwhathappenedatall.C)Hecouldn’trememberwhattosay.D)Hisparentsworecapsandgowns.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Herchildren’sdisruption.C)Asenseofisolation.B)Quietatmosphere.D)Longerworkinghours.9.A)Itdoesn’toffercoffee.C)Itdoesn’thavefreeWi-Fi.B)It’stooquiet.D)Itlacksthematerialsheneeds.10.A)Thesenseofbeingoutintheworld.C)Thecoffeetable.B)Thecoffeeitprovides.D)Thecomfortableworkingcondition.11.A)Peopledon’torderanything.B)Peoplebringtheirlaptopsandpaperwork.C)Peopleoccupyvaluabletablespaceinquiettimes.D)Peopleoftwooccupyatableforsix.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheisnotsatisfiedwiththesalary.B)Sheisnotcapableofthejob.C)Sheoftenworksovertime.D)She’sreceivedajobofferfromanothercompany.13.A)Theymaybeconsideredaslessroyal.B)Theywon’tgetthepromotionopportunities.D)Theywillbegivenhiringpriority.14.A)Shemighthavetodoextraworkeveryday.B)Shemightnotgetapayrise.C)Shemightnotgetenoughvacation.D)Shemightnotgainmoreexperience.15.A)Experience.B)Confidence.C)Fortune.D)Opportunity.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)It’sahorriblefeeling.C)It’sboringanddangerous.B)Itcanbeablessing.D)It’sthemostcomfortablestate.17.A)Tobeactive.C)Totravelabroad.B)Tomeetupwithyourfriends.D)Toseekadvicefromothers.18.A)Itprovidesachanceforpeopletothinkdeeply.B)Itmakesustreasurethetime.C)Itenablesonetoidentifytruefriends.D)Ithelpsustakecareofproblemsmoreefficiently.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heisaharshperson.C)Heisverydemandinginhiswork.B)Heismeantoothers.D)Heusuallyworksverylate.20.A)Hemovedoutanddivorced.B)Hewasplaguedbydrugsandgangviolence.C)Helivedtherefor20years.D)Hisparentswouldmoveintohisnewhouse.21.A)Hewasonlyresponsibleforunloadingfood.B)Hehadtosignhisnameoneverylabel.C)Itwasahardandtediousjob.D)HewasrequiredtoworkatFridaynight.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)ByrecordingthetimepeoplespendonTV.B)Bytrackingpeople’slivinghabits.C)Byusingmemoryandfluencytests.D)Byscanningpeople’sbrains.23.A)Watchingtelevisionforhours.C)Readingbooksandmagazines.B)Playingvideogames.D)SurfingtheInternet.24.A)TelevisionviewingmaybeapotentialfactorforAlzheimer’sdisease.Alzheimer’spatientstendtowatchtelevisionmorethan3hoursaday.C)Someresearchhasconfirmedthelinkbetweenthem.D)TelevisionwatchingisbeneficialtoAlzheimer’spatients.25.A)Watchtelevisionnomorethan3hourseachday.B)Balancetelevisionviewingwithothercontrastingactivities.C)WatchsomeeducationalTVprograms.D)Takemorephysicalexercise.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Scienceandeverydaylifecannotandshouldnotbeseparated.”ThosewerethewordsutteredbypioneeringBritishscientistRosalindFranklin,whofirmlybelievedthatthepursuitofscienceshouldbe___26___toall.Asawomanworkinginthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,Franklin’scontributionstosomeofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesofourtimeincludingthestructureofDNAweresadly___27___inherlifetime.Morethan60yearsafterFranklin’sdeath,weare___28___livinginadifferentworld,wherewomenplayanimportantpartineveryechelon(阶层)ofoursociety—notleastinscience,innovation,highereducationandresearch.UKuniversitiesareworldleaderswhenitcomestoadvancingand___29___genderequality.Inthepastdecade,wehaveseena___30___increaseinEnglandinthenumberofwomenacceptedontofull-timeundergraduatedegreesinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(Stemsubjects).Andinthelastacademicyear,women___31___formorethanhalfofallStempostgraduatesatUKuniversities.Datashowsusthe___32___tosuccessgetsharderforwomentoclimbthefurtheruptheygo.Althoughwomenmakeupthemajorityofundergraduatesinouruniversities,justunderhalfofacademicstaffarefemale.At___33___levels,onlyaquarterofprofessorsarewomen,andblackwomenmakeuplessthan2%ofallfemaleacademicstaff.Therearealsostarkdifferencesinpayacrossgrades.Thegenderpaygapbasedonmediansalariesacrossthesectorin2016-2017was13.7%,___34___thereisstillsomewaytogotoensurewomenarerisingthroughtherankstohighergradepositionsandbeingpaid___35___.A)accessibleI)nominationB)accountedJ)overlookedC)adaptationK)promotingD)appropriatelyL)seniorE)considerableM)submissionF)effectiveN)suggestingG)ladderO)thankfullyH)misreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowtoEatWellWhydosomanyAmericanseattonsofprocessedfood,thestuffthatiscorrectlycalledjunk(垃圾)andshouldreallycarrywarninglabels?It’snotbecausefreshingredientsarehardtocomeby.Supermarketsoffermorevarietythanever,andthereareoverfourtimesasmanyfarmersmarketsintheUSastherewere20yearsago.Norisitforlackofavailableinformation.Thereareplentyofrecipes(食谱),how-tovideosandcookingclassesavailabletoanyonewhohasacomputer,smartphoneortelevision.Ifanything,theinformationisoverwhelming.Andyetwearen’tcooking.IfyoueatthreemealsadayandbehavelikemostAmericans,youprobablygetatleastathirdofyourdailycalories(卡路里)outsidethehome.Nearlytwo-thirdsofusgrabfastfoodonceaweek,andwegetalmost25%ofourdailycaloriesfromsnacks.Sowe’reeatingoutortakingin,andwedon’tsitdown—orwedo,butwehurry.Shouldn’tpreparing—andconsuming—foodbeasourceofcomfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation,sociability?Somethingthatconnectsustootherhumans?Whywouldwewanttooutsource（外包）thisbasictask,especiallywhenoutsourcingitissoharmful?WhenItalkaboutcooking,I’mnottalkingaboutcreatingelaboratedinnerpartiesorthree-dayscienceprojects.I’mtalkingaboutsimple,easy,everydaymeals.Mymissionistoencouragegreenhandsandthoselackingtimeormemorytofeedthemselves.Thatmeansweneedmodest,realisticexpectations,andweneedtoteachpeopletocookfoodthat’sgoodenoughtosharewithfamilyandfriends.Perhapsareturntorealcookingneedn’tbefaroff.ArecentHarrispollrevealedthat79%ofAmericanssaytheyenjoycookingand30%“loveit”;14%admittonotenjoyingkitchenworkandjust7%won’tgonearthestoveatall.Butthisdoesn’tnecessarilytranslatetorealcooking,andtheresultofthissurveyshouldn’tsurpriseanyone:52%ofthose65oroldercookathomefiveormoretimesperweek;onlyathirdofyoungpeopledo.Backinthe1950smostofusgrewupinhouseholdswhereMomcookedvirtuallyeverynight.Theintentiontoputahome-cookedmealonthetablewasprettymuchuniversal.Mostpeoplecouldn’taffordtodootherwise.Althoughfrozendinnerswereinventedinthe’40s,theirpopularitydidn’tboomuntiltelevisionsbecamepopularadecadeorsolater.Sincethen,packaged,pre-preparedmealshavebeenwhat’sfordinner.Themicrowaveandfast-foodchainswerethebiggestcatalysts（催化剂）,butthebigfoodcompanies—whichwanttosellanythingexcepttherawingredientsthatgointocooking—madethehomecookanendangeredspecies.Still,Ifinditstrangethatonlyathirdofyoungpeoplereportpreparingmealsathomeregularly.Isn’tthisthesamecrowdthatrailsagainstprocessedjunkandchampionscraftcooking?Andisn’tthisthegenerationwhosaythey’reconcernedabouttheirhealthandthewell-beingoftheplanet?Ifthesearetrulythevaluesofmanyyoungpeople,thentheirbehaviordoesn’tmatchtheirbeliefs.Therehavebeenhalf-heartedbutwell-publicizedeffortsbysomecompaniestoreducecaloriesintheirprocessedfoods,buttheStandardAmericanDietisstillthepolaroppositeofthehealthy,mostlyplant-baseddietthatjustabouteveryexpertsaysweshouldbeeating.Consideringthatthegovernment’sstandardsarenotnearlyambitiousenough,thepictureisclear:bynotcookingathome,we’renoteatingtherightthings,andtheconsequencesarehardtooverstate.Tohelpquantify(量化)thecostsofapoordiet,Irecentlytriedtoestimatethisimpactintermsofamostfamousfood,theburger（汉堡包）.Iconcludedthattheprofitfromburgersismorethanoffsetbythedamagetheycauseinhealthproblemsandenvironmentalharm.Cookingrealfoodisthebestdefense—nottomentionthatanymealyou’relikelytoeatathomecontainsabout200fewercaloriesthanoneyouwouldeatinarestaurant.TothoseAmericansforwhommoneyisaconcern,myadviceissimple:Buywhatyoucanafford,andcookityourself.Thecommonprescriptionistoprimarilyshopthegrocerystore,sincethat’swherefreshproduce,meatandseafood,anddairyare.Andtosavemoneyandstilleatwellyoudon’tneedlocal,organicingredients;allyouneedisrealfood.I’mnotsayinglocalfoodisn’tbetter;itis.Butthereisplentyofdecentfoodinthegrocerystores.Theothersectionsyoushouldgettoknowarethefrozenfoodsandthecannedgoods.Frozenproduceisstillproduce;cannedtomatoesarestilltomatoes.Justmakesureyou’regettingrealfoodwithouttonsofaddedsaltorsugar.Askyourself,wouldGrandmaconsiderthisfood?Doesitlooklikesomethingmightoccurinnature?It’sprettymuchcommonsense:youwanttobuyfood,notunidentifiablefoodlikeobjects.Youdon’thavetohitthegrocerystoredaily,nordoyouneedanabundanceofskill.SincefewerthanhalfofAmericanssaytheycookatanintermediatelevelandonly20%describetheircookingskillsasadvancedthecrisisisoneofconfidence.Andtheonlyremedyforthatispractice.There’snothingmysteriousaboutcookingtheeveningmeal.Youjusthavetodoalittlethinkingaheadandredefinewhatqualifiesasdinner.Likeanyskill,cookinggetseasierasyoudoitmore:everytimeyoucook,youadvanceyourlevelofskills.Somedayyouwon’tevenneedrecipes.Myadviceisthatyounotpayattentiontothenumberofstepsandingredients,becausetheycanbedeceiving.Time,Irealize,isthebiggestobstacletocookingformostpeople.Youmustadjustyourprioritiestofindtimetocook.Forinstance,youcanmoveaTVtothekitchenandwatchyourfavoriteshowswhileyou’restandingatthesink.Nooneisaskingyoutogiveupactivitiesyoulike,butifyou’rewatchingfoodshowsonTV,trycookinginstead.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthemtoconnectwithoneanother.AbundantinformationaboutcookingisavailableeitheronlineoronTV.Youngpeopledolesscookingathomethantheelderlythesedays.Cookingskillscanbeimprovedwithpractice.Inthemid-20thcentury,mostfamiliesatedinnerathomeinsteadofeatingout.Eventhoseshortoftimeormoneyshouldbeencouragedtocookforthemselvesandtheirfamily.Eatingfoodnotcookedbyourselvescancauseseriousconsequences.Toeatwellandstillsavemoney,peopleshouldbuyfreshfoodandcookitthemselves.Wegetafairlylargeportionofcaloriesfromfastfoodandsnacks.ThepopularityofTVledtothepopularityoffrozenfood.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshoppingwhereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturnnowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters,likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilk,fromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstoresVictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstanceyoudon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregister,whenyoudecidetopay.Thestaffareequippedwithipadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacrosssociety,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI'mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn’titabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink（眨眼）ofaneye?Doesn’tawallet—thattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters?ButI’llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet—thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets—istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.Theroundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableasapebble（鹅卵石）.Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocorners,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.46.Whatishappeningtothewallet?A)Itisdisappearing.C)Itisbecomingcostly.B)Itisbeingfattened.D)Itischanginginstyle.47.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodernstores?A)Individually.C)Intheabstract.B)Electronically.D)Viacashregister.48.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?A)Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B)ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.C)Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.D)Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.49.Whydoestheauthorchoosetowriteaboutwhat’shappeningtothewallet?A)Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld.B)Ithassomethingtodowitheverybody’slife.C)Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition.D)Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists.50.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A)Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B)Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.D)Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’slateintheevening:timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinues—inyourdreams.Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandthefragmented,oftenbizarreimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedisassociatedwithimprovedperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularnotionthatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,researchersarecomingtorecognizethatdreamingisanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn.Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural（神经的）virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreplaycanbeseeninavideoresearchersmaderecentlyaboutsleepdisorders.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestoagroupofpatientswithconditionslikesleepwalking,inwhichthesleeperengagesinthekindphysicalmovementthatdoesnotnormallyoccurduringsleep.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept,Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,onefemalepatientonthetapeperformsthedancemovesshelearnedearlier.Thisshowsthatwhileourbodiesareatrest,ourbrainsaredrawingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatdataintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow.Ina2010study,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermaze（迷宫）tasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytofindtheirwaythroughthemazecomparedwithparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.RobertStickgold,oneoftheHarvardresearchers,suggeststhatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.Thinkaboutthatasyourheadhitsthepillowtonight.51.Whatisscientists’findingaboutdreaming?A)Itinvolvesdisconnectedweirdimages.B)Itresemblesfragmentsofsciencefiction.C)Dreamingaboutalearnedtaskbettersitsperformance.D)Dreamingaboutthingsbeinglearneddisturbsone’ssleep.52.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?A)Thebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.B)Theneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.C)Thebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.D)Thebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.53.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?A)Itsystematizesallthedatacollectedduringtheday.B)Itsubstitutesoldinformationwithnewdata.C)Itprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquireddata.D)Itclassifiedinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.54.WhatdoesRobertStickgoldsuggestaboutenhancinglearning?A)Havingalittlesleepafterstudyingintheday.B)Stayinguplatebeforegoingtobed.C)Havingadreamaboutanything.D)Thinkingabouttheoddsofdreamingaboutthematerial.55.Whatcanbeinferredaboutdreamingfromthepassage?A)Wemayenha