高中定语从句详细讲解

第高中定语从句详细讲解

一定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。

abeautifulcity;abagfullofmoney.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，

thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred.theboyfromAmerica

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoentertheclassroom.

fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aswimmingpool

Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.

二：定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why.

1.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.

Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.↑↑

先行词关系代词

2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.

Ilikefriendswholikesports.

↑↑

先行词关系代词

3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.

Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet.

↑↑

先行词关系代词

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。

Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.

3．Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.。

4．That即可指人，也可指物.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.

Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorningThepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.

Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.

YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.

5．Whose即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow

Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow

（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。如：

HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。

ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.

2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

4．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如：

ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.

Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：

WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.

5．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost

6．当先行词为人与物时。如：

Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool

（三）关系副词引导的定语从句

1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time,day,week,month,year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when.若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.

Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.

Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandpare？Doyourememberthedays（that/which）wespenttogetherlastyearIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.

2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park,city,farm,place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。

ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.Shanghaiisthecity(which/that)Iwanttovisit.

Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.

3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason;且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

Ididn’tbelievethereason(that/which)heexplainedtome

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

（四）“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.

TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.

ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.

We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

注意：１．含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。

Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)

Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）

２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)

TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)

３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：

Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.注意事项:如何判断关系代词和关系副词

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。

例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

（对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

（对）I"llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。

（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.

Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。

2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：

Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.

John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.

1.当先行词受such,so,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：

I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.

注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

(三)以theway为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语，定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且还可以省略。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用（that/which）引导定语从句。

Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.

Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.Idon’tliketheway(that/which)hetoldme.

做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。

Exercises:

1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary"s.

AthesmallestofwhichBthesmallerofwhich

CthesmallestofthemDthesmallestone

2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.

AbythetimeBbywhichtimeCbythattimeDbythistime

3.Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninlondon.

AnoneofthemBnooneofwhichCallofwhichDnoneofwhich

4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbeforelivedahappylife.

AwhoBwhoseCinwhoseDinwhich

5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.

AwhoseBofwhichCit"sDthat

6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon"tarriveforanotherhour.

AwhatBthatCwhichDthis

7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.

2)Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.

8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.

Atwo-thirdsinwhichBtwo-thirdsinthemCtwo-thirdsofthemDofwhomtwothirds

9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.

AneitherofthemBnoneofthemCneitherofwhichDnoneofwhich

（1---6ABDCBC7----9BDDC）

特殊结构定语从句点击

1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice________peopleexpected.

A.likeB.asC.thatD.which

2.I"veneverheardsointerestingastory________youtoldme.

A.asB.thatC.ofwhichD.aboutwhich

3.I"veseenthesamefilm________yousawyesterday.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.like

4.I"llbuythesamecoat________youwear.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.like

5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkis

B.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkit

D.Ithinkis

6.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

7.Thisisthefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.

A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which

8.Idon"tlike________youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.theywayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

答案与简析：

1.B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。

2.A。由sointerestingastory=suchaninterestingstory和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。

3.A

4.C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。

5.A。做此题的关键是要知道Ithink在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。

6.B。Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：asyouknow,asissaidabove,asisoftenthecase（情况经常是这样）等。如选Ａ，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为isthat。

7.A。当先行词为thefirsttime,thelasttime等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。

8.A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。

定语从句

1．Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that

2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat

3.pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.

A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.whichof

4.Theman____hasarrived.

A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou

C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout

5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking

A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat

6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.

A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere

7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose

8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where

9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which

10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.

A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich

11.Chinahasmanyislands,____thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich

12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which

13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.

A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose

14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded

A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom

15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what

16.Itoldyou____Iknow.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom

17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem

18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear

A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone

19.Whoistheman____wasthere

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom

20.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who

21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich

22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.

A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which

23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.

A.inwhichB.whichC.itD.who

24.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句

26.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.

A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose

27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

28.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

29.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.