2022年综合英语(一)模拟试卷(二)

2022年综合英语（一）模拟试卷（二）全国高等训练自学考试模拟试卷（二）

英语国家概况参考答案

I.

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.B

7.C

8.D

9.D

10.B

11.A

12.B

13.A

14.B

15.B

16.D

17.B

18.D

19.C

20.A

21.B

22.D

23.A

24.C

25.A

II.

1.F

2.F

3.T

4.T

5.T

6.F

7.F

8.T

9.T

10.T

11.F

12.T

13.T

14.F

15.T

III.

1.thefeudalsystem

2.JohnBunyon，JohnMilton

3.Teheran；Yalta；Potsdam

4.strong

5.industry；agriculture

6.contributionsnationalinsurance，taxation

7.formulate；supply

8.abundant；raw

9.one，onethird

10.NorthernIreland

11.NorthernTerritory

12.Schooloftheair

13.land；buy

14.macreconomic，microeconomic

15.theCanadianPacificRailway

16.Parliamentary

17.BenNevis；1，3000

18.England

19.CaptainJamesCook

20.theGreatDepression

21.registration；wheels

22.Britain；Italy

23.trappers

24.GreatBearLake；GreatSlaveLake

25.theOpposition，Shadowcabinet

26.theministers

27.Hundred，ambitious

28.Cavaliers，Roundheads

29.HouseofAssembly

30.Acts；decisions

31.jobs，wars

IV.

1.Thatcherism

Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.HerpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasThatcherism.Itincludedthereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries，theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation，theweakeningoftradeunions，thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy，andanemphasisonlawandorder.

2.diversityofAmericaneducation

DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintype，sizeandcontroloftheinstitutions，buteducationalpoliciesandpractices.AsisstatedbytheTenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution，educationisafunctionofthestate，notthefederalgovemment.Aseachstatehasthefreedomtodevelopitsownschoolsystemanddelegatesitspowerovereducationtolocaldistricts，manyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.

3.theCanadianShield

TheCanadianShieldisasemicircularbandofrockyhighlandsandplateausaroundHudsonBayfromthenorthernshoresofQuebectotheArcticshoresoftheNorthwestTerritories.Itisaregionofroundedhills，andtensofthousandsoflakesandswamps.

4.Australia”sserviceindustries

Serviceindustriesarealsocalled“tertiaryindusty”。Thissectornowincludesanadditional“quaternary”level，whichcoverstheresearch，processingandstorageofinformation.Australia”sservicesectoristhefastestgrowingone.Ithasbeengrowinginimportance，duetohigherlivingstandardsandgreaterdemandformoreandbettertransportandhousing，andtheexpansionbygovernmentofeducational，healthandwelfareservices.

5.theNewDeal

InordertodealwiththeDepression，PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.

V.

1.LookataphysicalmapoftheUnitedStatesandfindoutandnamethemainmonitionranges，riversandlakesintheUnitedStates.

TherearetwomainmountainrangesintheUnitedStates.TheyaretheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountains.TherearemanyimportantriversintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiveranditstwobranches，theMissouriRiverandtheOhioRiver，flowsouthtotheGulfofMexico.OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers：theColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiver.TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.OtherwellknownriversincludetheHudsonRiverwhichmeetstheAtlanticOceanatNewYurkandthePotomacboardingthenationalcapitalofWashington.ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior，LakeMichigan，LakeHuron，LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLadeMichigan.

2.HowmanyconstituenciesarethereinBritaintoday？

HowmanymembersarethereintheHouseofCommons？

Toholdgeneralelections，Britainisdividedinto651constituencies，eachofwhichreturnsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.Thereare651membersintheHouseofCommnos.

3.WhatweretheeffectsofEuropeansettlementontheAborigines？

Whitesettlementin1788proveddisastrousfortheAborigines.（1）Aboriginalcultureandsocietyweretotallydisruptedbecauseofatotalconflictofcultures.（2）ThelossolandtowhitepeopleledtothebreakdownoftheirtriballifebecauseAboriginalculturewasbasedontheland.（3）Afterlosingtheirland，Aboriginesbecamedependentonwhitehandouts.TheycopiedtheEuropeanhabitofdrinkingalcohol，whichdestroyedlargenumbersofAborigines.（4）ThewhitesalsobroughtmanydiseaseswhichtheAborigineshadnoresistanceto.（5）Allthese，combinedwiththeviolencebetweenEuropeansandAboriginesresultedinthedrasticallyreductioninAboriginalpopulation.TheAborigineshavealwaysbeeninunfavorablepositioneversince1788.TheAboriginesstillfacelegal，political，economicandsocialdiscriminationtoday.

4.SinnFein

SinnFeinwastheIrishguerrillamovementthatwrestedindependencefromtheBritishin1921.Itspitin1921overtheAnglo-IrishTreatyandbecametwoparties，FiannaFailandFineGael，whichremainstobethetwomajorpoliticalpartiesinIrelandtoday.

VI.

1.Tellbrieflythehistoryofthetwo-partysystemintheUnitedStates.WhatarethecharacteristicsofthetwomajorpartiesintheUnitedStatestoday？

Therenavebeenfourperiodsinthehistoryofthetwo-partysystemintheUnitedStates.

（1）DuringtheRatificationperiod，thefirsttwomajorpartiesappeared.TheyweretheFederalistsandtheAnti-Federalists.AftertheadoptionoftheBillofRights，theAnti-FederalistsbegantocallthemselvesDemocratic-Republicans.TheFederalistsgraduallydisintegrated.（2）Afterthe1828electionofAndrewJackson，theDemocratic-RepublicanPartysplit.ThemainfactionledbyJacksonwascalledtheWhigPartywhichformedin1834.Asthestruggleoverslaveryintensified，themajorityoftheWhigParty，partofthedemocrats，