2022年职称英语综合B级练习阅读判断

2022年职称英语综合B级练习：阅读判断Inthe1740s,thefamousFrenchphilosopherVoltairesaid“WelooktoScotlandforallourideasofcivilization.”That’snotabadadvertisementforanycountrywhenitcomestoattractingpeopletosearchforafirst-classeducation.

AccordingtotheAmericanauthorArthurHerman,theScotsinventedthemodernworlditself.HearguesthatScottishthinkersandintellectualsworkedoutmanyofthemostimportantideasonwhichmodernlifedepends-everythingfromthescientificmethodtomarketeconomics.Theirideasdidnotjustspreadamongintellectuals,buttothosepeopleinbusiness,governmentandthescienceswhoactuallyshapedtheWesternworld.

ItallstartedduringtheperiodthathistorianscalltheScottishEnlightenment(启蒙运动),whichisusuallyseenastakingplacebetweentheyears1740and1800.Beforethat,philosophywasmainlyconcernedwithreligion.ForthethinkersoftheScottishEnlightenment,theproperstudyofhumanitywasmankinditself.

Theirreasoningwaspractical.ForthephilosopherDavidHume,humanitywastherightsubjectforphilosophybecausewecanexaminehumanbehaviorandsofindrealevidenceofhowpeoplethinkandfeel.Andfromthatwecanmakejudgmentsaboutthesocietiesweliveinandmakeconcretesuggestionsabouthowtheycanbeimproved,foruniversalbenefit.

Hume’senquiryintothenatureofknowledgelaidthefoundationsforthescientificmethod-thepursuitoftruththroughexperiment.HisfriendandfellowresidentofEdinburgh,AdamSmith,famouslyappliedthestudyofmankindtothewaysinwhichmankinddoesbusiness.Trade,heargued,wasaformofinformation.Inpursuingourownintereststhroughtradinginmarkets,weallcometobenefiteachother.

Smith’sideahasdominatedmodernviewsofeconomics.Italsohaswideapplications.Hewasoneofthephilosopherstopointoutthatnationscanbecomerich,freeandpowerfulthroughpeace,tradeandinvention.

AlthoughtheScottishEnlightenmentendedalongtimeago,theideaswhichevolvedatthattimestillunderpin(构成……的根底)ourtheoriesofhumanexchangeandenquiry.ItalsoexistsinScotlanditselfinaneducationaltraditionthatcombinesacademicexcellencewithorientation(方向).

16.Scotlandistherightplacetoreceiveafirst-classeducation.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

17.AccordingtoArthurHerman,theScotsdevelopedmanyimportantideaswhichmodernlifedependson.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

18.PhilosophershadcometoknowtheimportanceofstudyinghumanityevenbeforetheScottishEnlightenmenttookplace.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

19.DavidHumewasthefirstphilosophertostudymankind.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

20.Smith’sideahasextensiveapplications.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

21.Ourcurrenttheoriesofhumanexchangeandenquiryhavenothingtodowiththe