2022年职称英语阅读理解练习题(5)2

2022年职称英语阅读理解练习题(5)2Jacques-IvesCousteaudiedinParison26June,1997attheageof87.Hisinfluenceisgreat.Scientistsrespectedhiscreativeengineering;engineerspraisedhisscience.Cousteau,whoclaimedtobeneitherscientistnorengineer,contributedsignificantlytobothdisciplines—andtomanymore.

Throughouthisadventure-filledlife,Cousteauchallengeddefinitions.Yes,hewasacaptainintheFrenchNavy,andearlyon,afilmmakerandnaturalstoryteller.Later,hebecameafamousoceanexplorer,designerofunderwaterequipment,expeditionleader,author,speaker,businessman,environmentalist,teacherandleaderofaninfluentialorganisation（theCousteauSociety）.

Allwhocareaboutthesea—andeventhosewhodon’tthinkmuchabouttheoceanonewayoranother—oweCousteauatremendousdebt.Theknowledgegainedasaconsequenceofhisdirectcontributions,andthestrongimpacthehadonothers,havetransformedthewaytheworldthinksaboutthesea.Hisstoriesofencounterswithsharksandotherfishinspiredmanytogoseethemselves.Cousteaupioneeredventuresinunderwaterlivinginthe1960’s:sub-sealabswherescientistssubmergedfordaysorweeks—theunderwaterlabssimilartoSkylaborthespacestation.HisfilmsandtelevisionprogrammeswontwoAcademyRewards,threeEmnies,andtheheartsandmindsofviewersworldwidefordecades.

Showeredwithhonours,Cousteauremarkedrecentlythathethoughthismostimportantaccomplishmentwastomakepeopleawareof—andcareabout—theocean.Thankstohim,wegrewconcernedaboutourgrowingpopulationandtheconsequencesofoverfishingandoceanpollutionthatthreatenthehealthofthesea,andwewereinspiredtodosomethingtoimprovethewaythingsaredone.

WesharedthesadfeelingwithCousteauwhenSimone,hiswifeandpartnerformanyyears,diedandwhenhissonPhillippewaskilledinaplanecrash.WesharedhisjoywhenJean-Michel,hiseldestson,becameanexplorerandaspokesmanfortheseainhisownright.WewerehappyforCousteauwhenhebegananewfamilywithhissecondwife,Fracine.Andnowthathisvoiceoftheoceanissilenced,wefeelverysad.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Cousteau’sinfluenceisgreatbecausehe

A.wasbothascientistandanengineer.

B.inventedSkylab.

C.madecontributionstoscienceandengineering.

D.wasacaptainintheFrenchNavy.

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,weknowthat

A.Cousteaudidnotlikeanyscientificdefinitions.

B.Cousteauwrotemanyadventure-filledstories.

C.Cousteau’smainjobwasprotectingenvironment.

D.Cousteau’scontributionswerenotlimitedtoscienceandengineering.

3.Ofallthecareershefollowed,hismainconcernwasconcentratedon

A.buildingthesub-waterlabs

B.oceanandoceanpollution.

C.makingfilmsandtelevisionprogrammes.

D.writingencounterswithseaanimals,suchassharks.

4.WhatdebtdoweoweCousteauaccordingtoParagraphs3and4?

A.Hisworkhasmadeusrealiseweshouldimprovethewaythingsaredone.

B.Hiscontributionshavepushedsciencetowardahigherstageofdevelopment.

C.Hisinventionofsub-sealabshasmadeoceanexplorationeasier.

D.Hisadventureshavemadepeoplegoandseethesea.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutCousteau’sfamilylifeisNOTtrue?

A.Hissecondwifediedsometimeago.

B.HissonPhillippewaskilledinaplanecrash.C.HisfirstwifediedbeforeCousteau.

D.Hiseldersonbecamethespokesmanforthesea.

IQ-Gene

IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiences,onelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenes（otherthanthosethatcauseretardation）thataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfiguredthatifyouwanttofinda“smartgene,”youshouldlookinsmartkids.TheythereforeexaminedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthattheytakecollegeentranceexamsfouryearsearly—andstillscoreatPrinceton-caliberlevels.Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought.“Wehave,”saysPlomin,“thefirstspecificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneralintelligence.”

Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach,all6to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroup,theaverageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcells,theresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6.Ofthe37landmarksonchromosome6thattheresearcherslookedfor,onejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup—32percentversus16percent.Thestudy,intheMayissueofthejournalPsychologicalScience,concludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenethatcontributestointelligence.

SomegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellfor“chopsticksfallacy”.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksflexibility,butallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan,say,Africans.Similarly,Plomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement.“Whatisthegenethatthey’vefoundreflectsethnicity?”asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.“Thatalonemightexplainthelinktointelligence,sinceIQtestsareknownforbeingculturallysensitiveandaffectedbyachild’senvironment.”AndNeilRischofStandfordUniversitypointsoutthatifyoulookfor37genesonachromosome,astheresearchersdid,andfindthatoneismorecommoninsmarterkids,thatmightreflectpurechanceratherthanacausallinkbetweenthegeneandintelligence.WarnsFeinberg:“Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt.”

1.Inthebeginningofparagraphonewearetoldthatscientistscannotagree

A.howmuchofIQcomesfromintelligence.

B.howmanychildreninheritgenesfromparents.

C.howmuchofIQcomesfromgenes.

D.howmanychildrenlearnbyexperience.

2.Whatdoes“some”inthesecondsentenceofparagraphonestandsfor?

A.Parents.

B.Children.

C.Experiences.

D.Genes.

3.Ageneforchopsticksflexibilityisfoundtobe

A.unrelatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks.

B.relatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks.

C.unrelatedtotheabilityto