美国文学题型

一.选择题TheperiodbeforetheAmericanCivilWarisgenerallyreferredtoasC.（东北师大2006研）TheNaturalistPeriodB,TheModernPeriodC.TheRomanticPeriodD,TheRealisticPeriodWashingtonIrving’sRipVanWinkleisfamousforD.（天夕卜2008研）Rip’sescapeintoamysteriousThestory’sGermanlegendarysourcematerialRip’sseekingforhappinessRip’s20-yearssleepRipVanWinklerevealsthethemeofA_thepast.nostalgia B.rejectiontoC.detachmentfrom D.dislikeforWashingtonIrving’sRipVanWinklegotideasfrom_Clegends.（西南大学2004研）BritishB.ItalianC.GermanD.FrenchC__hasalwaysbeenregardedasawriterwho“perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.”A.MelvilleB.WhitmanC.IrvingD.HawthorneInRipVanWinklethedrasticpoliticalchangesinthelapsed20yearsaresuggestedbyallthefollowingexcept_C.（北二夕卜2005研）theflagoftheUSB,theportraitofGeorgeWashingtonthegravesofthedeadUnionsoldiersthementionofelectionandCongressWhichofthefollowingstatementisnottrueaboutWashingtonIrving?（中南2006研）CWashingtonIrvingisregardedasFatheroftheAmericanshortstories.Irving’srelationshipwiththeOldWorldintermsofhisliteraryimaginationcanhardlybeignoredconsideringhissuccessbothabroadandathome.Irving’stastewasessentiallyprogressiveorradical.WashingtonIrvinghasalwaysbeenregardedasawriterwho"perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.”HenryDavidThoreau’swork,A,hasalwaysbeenregardedasamasterpieceoftheNewEnglandTranscendentalMovement.A.WaldenB.ThePioneersC.NatureD."SongofMyself""Thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity",whichauthorofthefollowingauthorsdoesthementionbelongto__C.A.WashingtonIrvingB.RalphWaldoEmersonC.NathanielHawthorneD.WaltWhitmanInHawthorne'snovelsandshortstories,intellectualsusuallyappearasB.A.saviorsB,villainsC.commentatorsD,observers"Nothingisatlastsacredbuttheintegrityofyourownmind”isafamousquotefrom__D’swritings.A.WaltWhitmanB,HenryDavidThoreauHermanMelvilleD,RalphWaldoEmersonThePublicationof_AestablishedEmersonasthemosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism.A.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.TheAmericanScholarD.TheOver-SoulThephrase"atransparenteye-ball’comparesphilosophicalmentationofEmerson’s.ItappearsiB.A.TheAmericanScholar B.Nature C.TheoverSoulEssays:SecondSeriesIn1837,RalphWaldoEmersonmadeaspeechentitled__CatHarvard,whichwashailedbyOliverWendellHolmeasas:OurIntellectualDeclarationofIndependence".A."Self-Reliance" B."DivinitySchoolAddress"C."TheAmericanScholar"D."Nature"TheTranscendentalistsbelievethat,first,natureisennobling,andsecond,theindividualis__C__,therefore,self-reliant.A.insignificantB.viciousbynatureC.divineD.forward-lookingInthefollowingworks,whichsignthebeginningoftheAmericanliterature?AA.TheSketchBookB,LeavesofGrassC.LeatherStockingTalesD,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinnC_isthefirstAmericantoachieveaninternationalliteraryreputationintheAmericanliteraryhistory.A.CooperB,WhitmanC.IrvingD,Hawthorne.__AistheauthoroftheworkTheLegendofSleepyHollow.A.WashingtonIrving B,JamesJoyceC.WaltWhitman D,WilliamButlerYeatsWashingtonIrving’sRipVanWinkleisfamousforD__.Rip’sescapeintoamysteriousThestory’sGermanlegendarysourcematerialRip’sseekingforhappinessD.Rip’s20-yearssleepRipVanWinklerevealsthethemeof A一thepast.A.nostalgiaB.rejectiontoC.detachmentfromD.dislikeforWashingtonIrving’sRipVanWinklegotideasfrom_Clegends.A.BritishB.ItalianC.GermanD.French__Chasalwaysbeenregardedasawriterwho"perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced."A.MelvilleB.WhitmanC.IrvingD.HawthorneInRipVanWinklethedrasticpoliticalchangesinthelapsed20yearsaresuggestedbyallthefollowingexcept_C.A.theflagoftheUSB,theportraitofGeorgeWashingtonthegravesofthedeadUnionsoldiersthementionofelectionandCongress24.Inhis_Autobiography,BenjaminFranklincreatestheimageofaboy’srisefrompoorstorichesanddemonstrateshisbeliefthatthenewworldofAmericawasalandofopportunitieswhichmightbemetthroughhardworkandwisemanagement.（天津外国语2008）Thefirstsymbolofself-madeAmericanmanisD.A.GeorgeWashingtonB.WashingtonIrvingC.ThomasJeffersonD.BenjaminFranklinThomasPaine?sCommenSensestatesthat“Government,eveninitsbeststate,isbutanecessaryevil;inhisworststateanintolerableone”.ItisacriticalcommonplacenowthatAmericanliteratureisbasedonamyth,thatis_C___.theancientGreekmythofZeustheBritishmythoftheSaintGrailtheBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEdentheLegendoftheSleepyHollowThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatA_.A.JamestownB.NewYorkC.BostonD.ConcordWhatistheanalogythatEmilyDickinsonusesintheherpoem“BecauseIcouldstopforDeath”?AA.HorseandcarriageB.StageandperformanceC.CloudandshadeD.ShipandharborIn“IheardaFlybuzz whenIdied”and“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath,”EmilyDickinson’sattitudetowarddeathisthatof_C.A.eagerembraceB.helplessanxietyC.peacefulacceptanceD.terrifieddespairPerhapsEmilyDickinson’sgreatestinterpretationofthemomentof_Distobefoundin“IheardaFlybuzz-whenIdied—”，apoemuniversallyregardedasoneofhermasterpieces.A.fantasyB.birthC.crisisD.deathAltogether,EmilyDickinsonwrote1775poems,ofwhichonly___C___hadappearedduringherlifetime.A.threeB.fiveC.sevenD.nineWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofEmilyDickinsonandherpoetry?BA.SheremainedunmarriedallherlifeShewrote,1,775poems,andmostofthemwerepublishedduringherlifetime.Herpoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstlines.Herlimitedprivateworldhasneverconfinedthelimitlesspowerofhercreativityandimagination.Ingeneral,theAmericanwomanpoetBwantedtolivesimplyasacompleteindependentbeingandsoshedid,asaspinster.A.AnneBretB.EmilyDickinsonC.AnnaDickinsonD.EmilyShawThoughWaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinsonwereromanticpoetsinthemeandtechnique,theydifferfromeachotherinavarietyofways.Foronething,whereasWhitmanlikestokeephiseyeonhumansocietyatlarge,Dickinsonoftenaddressessuchissuesas(D),immortality,religion,loveandnature.A.progressB.freedomC.beautyD.deathEmilyDickinsonwrotemanyshortpoemsonvariousaspectsoflife.Whichofthefollowingisnotausualsubjectofherpoeticexpression?DA.Religion.B.Lifeanddeath.C.Loveandmarriage.D.Warandpeace.MostofEmilyDickinson'spoemswerepublishedD.A.Whenshewasyoung.B.AfterherfailedloveaffairC.Inheroldage.D.Afterherdeath.二.作家作品WilliamCullenBryant:ToaWaterfowl《致水鸟》Thanatopsis《死亡随想》TheYellowViolet《黄色堇香花》WaltWhitman：LeavesofGrass(9editions)：①SongofMyself②ThereWasaChildWentForth(有一个孩子在成长)③DemocraticVistas(民主远景)thetitle:ItissignificantthatWhitmanentitledhisbookLeavesofGrass.Hesaidthatwherethereisearth,wherethereiswater,thereisgrass.Grass,themostcommonthingwiththegreatestvitality,isanimageofthepoethimself,asymbolofthethenrisingAmericannationandanembodimentofhisidealsaboutdemocracyandfreedom.PhilipFreneau's：TheWildHoneySuckle(1786)TheIndianBuryingGround(1788)HermanMelville:①Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.(散文体史诗)②Typee«泰皮»③Mardi«玛地»④Pierre«皮埃尔»⑤BillyBudd《比利•巴德》HenryWadsworthLongfellow：①VoicesoftheNight《夜吟》：APsalmofLife《人生礼赞》②Evangeline《伊凡吉林》③TheSongofHiawatha《海华沙之歌》④BalladsandOtherPoems《歌谣及其他》NathanielHawthorne:YoungGoodmanBrown《小伙子布朗》TheScarletLetterTheHouseoftheSevenGables《七个尖角阁的房子》HenryDavidThoreau：Walden：WhereILived,andWhatILivedfor.RalphWaldoEmerson：NatureTheAmericanScholar论美国学者Self-Reliance论自立TheOver-Soul论超灵EdgarAllanPoe:TheRaven,AnnabelLee,ToHelenJamesFenimoreCooper:①TheSpy(1821)《间谍》②ThePilot(1824)《舵手》③LeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事集》:ThePioneers(1823),《拓荒者》TheLastoftheMohicans(1826),《最后的莫西干人》ThePrairie(1827),《大草原》ThePathfinder(1840),《探路人》TheDeerslayer(1841).《杀鹿者》WashingtonIrving:TheSketchBook《见闻札记》:(1)RipVanWinkle《瑞普凡温克尔》(2)TheLegendofSleepyHollow《睡谷传奇》ThomasJefferson:theDeclarationofIndependence(1776)NoteontheStateofVirginia《弗吉尼亚笔记》ThomasPaine:CommonSense《常识》TheAmericanCrisis《危机》Bartram:Travels《旅行散记》.BenjaminFranklin:PoorRichard’sAlmanack穷理查德年鉴TheWaytoWealth致富之路TheAutobiography自传JohnSmith:ATrueRelationofVirginia《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》ADescriptionofNewEngland《新英格兰叙事》JohnWinthrop:TheHistoryofNewEngland《新英格兰史》AModelofChristianCharity《基督教之爱》WilliamBradford:theHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(annals)AnneBradstreet:theTenthMuseLatelySprungupinAmerica.ToMyDearandLovingHusbandEdwardTaylor:UponaSpiderCatchingaFlyTheEbbandFlowUponWedlockandDeathofChildrenGod’sDeterminationPreparatoryMeditationsEmilyDickinson:OverthefenceBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath因为我不能停下来等候死神IheardaFlybuzz-whenIdied我死的时候一听见一只苍蝇嗡嗡地响三.名词解释"GildedAge”镀金时代：anageofextremesofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyanddazzlingwealth,ofgloomandbuoyant(持续上涨的)hope.Realism：RealismoriginatedinFrance.Aliterarydoctrinethatcalledfor“realityandtruth"inthedepictionofordinarylife.AmericanRealismcameinthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcenturyasareactionagainstRomanticism.Itstressestruthfultreatmentofmaterial.Itfocusesoncommonnessofthelivesofthecommonpeople,andemphasizesobjectivityandoffersanobjectiveratherthananidealisticviewofhumannatureandhumanexperience.freeverse：Akindofpoetrythatlacksregularmetersorpatterns.Freeverseistherhymedorunrhymedpoetryfreefromconventionalrulesofmeter.predestination：Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.originalsin/totaldepravity(堕落)：Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;6.limitedatonement:onlythe"elect”canbesaved.Halfrhyme:FaceandGreecearesimilaronlyinthattheyhaveonesyllableandthesameending-"ce."Thevowels"a"and"ee"donotrhyme.Thus,faceandGreecemakeupwhatiscalledhalfrhyme,alsoknownasnearrhyme,obliquerhyme,andslantrhyme.Romanticism:appearedinEnglandinthe18thcentury.AmoderntermappliedtotheprofoundshiftinWesternattitudestoartandhumancreativityinthefirsthalfofthe19thc.Reactionagainsttheprevailingneoclassicalspiritandrationalism(reason)duringtheAgeofReason.AmericanPuritanism:PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofPuritans.TheAmericanpuritans,liketheirEnglishbrothers,areidealists.Theyacceptthedoctrineandpracticeofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.Transcendentalism:ThatphilosophicalmovementiscalledtheTranscendentalism(超验主义)whichhelpedAmericanliteraturebranchoffEuropeancultureandheraldedtherealbeginningofAmericanliteraturewhichislatercalledas:AmericanRenaissance.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:"TimegrewworseandworsewithRipVanWinkleasyearsofmatrimonyrolledon:atarttempermellowswithage,andasharptongueistheonlyedgetoolthatgrowskeenerbyconstantuse.Foralongwhileheusedtoperpetualclubofthesages,philosophers,andotheridlepersonagesofthevillage.Questions:Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthework.2)What’sthemeaningofthispassage?参考答案：Thisisanexcerptfrom"RipVanWinkle"byWashingtonIrving.(P408)Withhiswife'sdominanceathome,thesituationbecameharderandharderforRipVanWinkle.Hiswife'stemperbecameworseandshescoldedhimformoreoften,Hehadtostayintheclubwithidlepeople.(P407)附:Question:PleasedescribethechangesRipVanWinkleexperienced.Answer:1)RipVanWinklewastheheroinIrving’sworks.Hewasagood-naturedman,ahenpecked(惧内的，妻管严的)husband.Becausehiswife’sshrewish(泼妇一样的)treatment,Riphadtoescapefromhishometothelittleinninthevillage.Whenitfailedtogivehimsomerestfulair,hehadtogohuntinginthehighmountain,whereRipmetastranger,andthemanaskedRiptocarrykegforhim.ThenRipreachedtheplaceinthevalley,wheremanystrangerswereplayingnine-pins.LaterRipgotdrunkafterdrinkingtheliquor,whichmadehimsleepfor20years.Ripwokeupasanoldman,enteringthevillagelearnedthathiswifehaddied,hegotthefreedomofhisown,;andtheAmericanhadbeendependentfromthecontrolofBritain,hehadchangedfromasubjectoftheKing(GeorgeIII)intoacitizenoftheindependentnewU.S....."Icelebratedmyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou"Questions:Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthepoemthathadusedwhenpublished.2)Whatisthethemeofthispoem?参考答案:1)Inthe1856,thetitlewas"PoemofWaltWhitman,anAmerican",thenitbecame"WaltWhitman"in1860,until1881,itfinallybecame"SongofMyself".TheauthorisWaltWhitman.(P456--457)2)InthispoemWhitmansetsforthtwoprinciplebeliefs:Thetheoryofuniversality(普遍性)，whichisillustratedbylengthycataloguesofpeopleandthings;Thebeliefinthesingularity(个别性)andequality(平等性)ofallbeingsinvalue.(P457)"Standingonthebareground,----myheadbathedbytheblitheair,andupliftedintoinfinitespace, allmeanegotismvanishes.Ibecomeatransparenteye-ball.Iamnothing,Iseeall."Questions:Pleaseidentifytheauthorandthetitleofthework.2)Pleasebrieflyinterpretthispassage.3).Whatrhetoricaldeviceof"transparenteye-ball".4)Emersonsaidhewanttobecomeatransparenteye-ball,whatkingideadidhewanttoexpress?参考答案:1)Thisselectionisfrom"Nature"byEmerson.(P427)IntheessayEmersonclearlyexpressesthemainprinciplesofhisTranscendentalistpursuitandhislovefornature.Emersondevelopshisconceptof"Over-Soul"Or"UniversalMind".Lastbutnottheleas,itaffirmsthedivinityofthehumanbeings.(P423)Itusedthedeviceofmetaphor.(P423)4)Hewantedtotellus:Naturecanpurify(净化)ourqualityandletusgetcomfort.(P243)Questionsandanswers:TheRomanticPeriodwascalled"TheAmericanRenaissance"".DiscussthebackgroundoftheRomanticPeriod,andcompareitwiththeRomanticismofBritain.Answer:ThetwoRomanticismbothstresstheimaginativeandemotionalqualitiesofliterature;Theyallpayattentiontopsychicstatesofthecharactersandexalttheindividualandcommonman;AmericanRomanticismrevealeduniquecharacteristics:(difference)<1>Americanauthorsdescribetheirnativeland,,especiallythespiritofthepioneeringintothewest,thedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonature;<2>Americanwritersuselocaldialectinlanguage;<3>PuritanismhasgreatinfluenceoverAmericanRomantics;<4>Calvinismoforiginalsinisobviousintheirworks;<5>TranscendentalismisveryimportanttheoryinAmericanRomanticism;<6>TheimportantsettinginAmericanRomanticismare:①theearlypuritansettlement;②theconfrontationwiththeIndians;③thefrontiersmen’slife;④thewildwest;⑤imagination.(P399—402)AnalyzethethemesandcharacteristicofHawthorne.Answer:Hawthornewasamanwithinquiringimagination,meditativemindanddarkvisiontolife.Histhemesinwritingare:Manwasbornwithevilandsin,onesourceofthemisover-reachingintellect,whoseimagewasalwaysvillain;(Chllingworthe.g.)HawthornewasinfluencedgreatlybyPuritanism,whilehecriticizeditbitterly;HebelievedCalvinisticideas,thinkingmanwasdepravedandcorrupted;theyshouldobeyGodforsavingthespirits;Heconcernedthemorallifeofmanandhumanhistory;Hewaskeenonthedescriptionofman’sdevelopmentofpsychology.(P432-433)ExplainthetheoryofTranscendentalism,thenlistitsimportantauthorandworks.Answer:TranscendentalismisaveryimportanttheoryinAmericanRomanticism,itsmainideasare:Manhasthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,ortheabilityofgettingknowledgetranscendingthesenses;Natureisennoblingandindividualisdivine,therefore,manshouldbeself-reliant.Manisdivine/holyandperfectibleandmancantrusthimselftodecidewhatisrightandactaccordingly;(buttoHawthorneandMelvillemanisasinner);Universeisover-soul-asymbolofthespirit,Godortheuniverse,thereisanemotionalcommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversal"over-soul"-unityofNature.Theimportantauthorsare:Emerson(TheAmericanScholar)andThoreau."Nature",Emerson’sworks,iscalledtheunofficialmanifestofortheclub.(P421-P422)Hawthornewasamasterinusingsymbolandallegory;citesomeexampletoanalyzeit.Answer:Allegorically,YoungGoodmanBrownbecomesanEverymancalledBrown,whowillbeagedinonenightbyaneviladventure,andtheevilnessmakeseveryoneafallenidolintheworld.IntheangleofSymbol:"BrownlookuptotheHeavenandresistthewickedone"symb