英语论文从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异

英语论文：从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异

-A

Contrastive

Study

of

English-Chinese&n[Abstract]

Due

to

different

cultures,

English

and

Chinese

people

have

formed

their

own

modes

of

thought,

which

influence

their

living

ways

greatly,

especially

their

own

languages.

Mode

of

thought

is

a

very

complicated

abstract

conception

connected

closely

to

philosophy.

In

this

paper

I

will

mainly

concern

on

English

individualism

and

Chinese

entirety,

because

their

difference

is

the

most

distinct

one

existing

in

modes

of

thought.

English

people

prefer

individualism,

which

leads

them

to

subordinate

the

recognized

objects

into

small

parts.

While

Chinese

people

like

entirety,

they

prefer

to

take

the

world

as

a

whole.

Thinking

patterns

have

been

clearly

reflected

on

languages,

as

a

result

of

which

English

is

hypotactic

and

Chinese

is

paratactic.

This

paper

centers

on

the

differences

of

hypotactic

and

paratactic

characteristics

in

languages

and

their

forming

reasons—modes

of

thought.

English

people

prefers

to

make

good

use

of

the

hypotactic

markers

to

link

the

sentence

components,

while

Chinese

usually

try

to

understand

the

world

by

their

own

intuition.

In

this

paper

the

differences

are

explained

through

English-Chinese

translation

and

the

statistics

are

also

given

to

prove

them.

[Key

Words]

comparison;

mode

of

thought;

languages;

English;

Chinese从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异

[摘

要]

根源于不同的文化渊源,英汉两族人民形成了他们各自的思维模式。这种思维模式的差异深深地影响了他们的各种生活方式,

尤其体现在语言上。思维模式是一个非常复杂抽象的概念,与哲学密切相关。在这篇论文中我将主要阐释英民族的个体性思维和汉民族的整体性思维,因为它们之间的差异是思维模式中最突出的一面。英民族偏爱个体性思维,这使他们在认识世界时惯于将认知对象划分为小个体。然而,汉民族偏爱整体性思维,将世界看成一个整体。语言深刻地反映了思维模式的这种差异,因此就形成了英语的形合特征和汉语的意合特征。这篇论文侧重阐述语言中的形合和意合特征以及它们各种的形成原因----思维模式。英语民族的人民惯于利用形合标志连接句子成分,而汉民族却常常应用自身的直觉来体会世界。这篇论文将通过英译汉的翻译和统计数据来证实此观点。

[关

键

词]

英汉思维；对比；语言；英语；汉语

1.

Introduction

The

famous

Whorf

hypothesis

thinks

that

languages

have

determining

effects

on

modes

of

thought,

which

is

formed

relatively

to

languages

and

different

languages

will

bring

on

different

thinking

patterns.[1]p35

Liu

Miqing(刘宓庆)

holds

the

opinion

that

modes

of

thought

has

controlled

over

languages

[2]p35,

and

languages

are

the

concrete

manifestation

of

modes

of

thought.

In

my

opinion,

modes

of

thought

decide

the

use

of

languages,

and

the

reasons

how

languages

are

influenced

by

modes

of

thought

should

be

examined

from

their

relationship.

Modes

of

thought

and

languages

influence

and

reflect

each

other

closely.

“Thinking

patterns,

thought

characteristics

and

thinking

styles

are

the

philosophical

mechanism

of

language

production.

Language

actually

attaches

closely

to

the

thought

that

is

the

profound

mechanism.”[3]

p166

Thinking

patterns

are

the

deep-rooted

mechanism

of

the

forming

and

developing

of

languages,

and

on

the

other

hand

languages

help

to

promote

the

forming

and

developing

of

modes

of

thought.

Language

is

the

carrier

of

thinking

and

abstraction

of

reality,

and

mode

of

thought

is

the

conscious

activity

in

which

people#39;s

minds

reflect

and

realize

the

objective

reality.[4]p36

The

differences

between

thinking

patterns

are

the

main

reasons

that

result

in

the

differences

of

language

forms,

so

I

think

the

study

of

the

features,

the

transition

and

the

relationship

of

languages

should

be

started

with

the

study

of

modes

of

thought

which

connect

closely

with

the

cultures

and

the

languages.

English-Chinese

modes

of

thought

have

their

own

characteristics

in

thinking

core,

thinking

pattern,

cognition

habits

and

thinking

principles.

As

a

tool

for

communication

the

basic

attribute

of

English

and

Chinese

are

the

same,

so

there

are

many

similarities

during

the

description

and

thinking

with

the

two

languages.

But

because

of

the

influence

of

their

own

cultures,

there

are

many

differences

between

the

two

languages,

and

based

on

different

comparison

foundation

there

are

many

different

kinds

of

results.In

this

paper

English-Chinese

translation

will

be

given

and

analyzed

in

details

in

order

to

understand

the

differences

of

the

modes

of

thought

between

English

and

Chinese

through

their

language

manifestations.

Statistics

will

be

given

to

explain

the

differences

of

English

and

Chinese,

which

is

the

foundation

for

my

analyzing

of

the

differences

of

their

own

thinking

patterns.

As

we

know,

there

are

many

differences

between

the

two

languages,

such

as

hypotaxis

and

parataxis,

passive

and

active,

static

and

dynamic,

imperson

and

person.

But

in

this

passage,

I

will

only

mainly

discuss

from

one

point

which

is

hypotaxis

and

parataxis.

As

Nida

states

in

his

book

that

study

from

linguistics,

the

most

important

different

characteristic

between

Chinese

and

English

is

the

difference

of

parataxis

and

hypotaxis.[5]P13

LiuMiqing

holds

the

opinion

that

hypotaxis

and

parataxis

are

the

“unique

characteristic”

for

English

and

Chinese.[6]P13

The

comparison

of

the

difference

will

be

described

through

statistical

description

and

the

deep-rooted

reasons

of

thinking

patterns

will

also

be

given

to

explain

the

forming

of

the

language

difference.2.

The

example

of

the

English

to

Chinese

translation

2.1

English

original

We

know

that

clean

energy

technologies

have

great

appeal

to

the

developing

world

beyond

the

value

we

in

the

developed

world

attach

to

their

capacity

to

limit

climate

change.

Africa,

for

example,

barely

accounts

for

1%

of

global

greenhouse

gas

emissions.

It’s

not

surprising

then

that

our

partners

on

this

continent

are

more

concerned

with

the

development

potential

of

sustainable

energy.

The

price

volatility

of

Africa’s

hydrocarbon

imports

has

played

havoc

with

each

state’s

economy

over

recent

decades

and

stymied

progress.

REEEP

(Renewable

Energy

and

Energy

Efficiency

Partnership)’s

support

for

proven

renewable

technologies,

such

as

solar

water

heating

and

co-generation

---which

of

course

rely

on

local

products

which

don’t

need

to

be

imported---will

greatly

increase

the

reliability

of

Africa’s

energy

supply,

and

thereby

help

spur

development.

The

creating

of

a

more

even

distribution

of

energy

supply

will,

in

turn,

fuel

new

employment

and

commercial

opportunities,

particularly

in

rural

areas.

Renewable

sources

then

will

help

to

address

the

social

inequality

across

the

globe

that

we

see

in

the

currently

marked

and

unacceptable

difference

between

rich

and

poor

nations

in

terms

of

access

to

and

use

of

energy

supplies.

[7]P269

2.2

The

Chinese

translation

清洁性能源技术因为能够缓解气候变化而受到我们发达国家的青睐。同样，这种技术对发展中国家也有巨大的吸引力，但其价值却不止于此。例如，非洲的温室效应排放量勉强占世界总量的1%。因此，我们在本大陆的伙伴更加关注可持续性能源的发展潜能也就不足为奇了。最近几十年来非洲烃进口价格的不稳定性已经给各国经济造成了巨大破坏并妨碍了发展。再生性能源与能源效率合作组织（PEEEP）对已证实的再生性能源技术的资助，如太阳能热水器和热电联产技术—当然，这只依赖本地产品，不必进口—将大大增加非洲能源供应的可靠性，从而促进发展。

反过来，建立更均衡的能源供应可以提供新的就业和商业机会，尤其是在农村地区。在能源供应的选择与使用方面，我们看到富国与贫国之间存在着今人难以接受的显著差距，再生性能源将有助于消除这种全球性的社会不公。[8]P274-2753.

The

main

aspect

of

the

differences

---hypotaxis

and

parataxis

Resulted

from

different

thinking

patterns

there

are

so

many

different

characteristics

between

English

and

Chinese.

The

complete

study

of

the

language

characteristics

surely

will

require

many

effects

and

time,

so

based

on

my

own

limited

knowledge,

I

will

only

try

to

explain

the

characteristics

of

hypotaxis

and

parataxis

and

their

forming

results.

In

my

own

opinion

the

characteristics

of

hypotaxis

and

parataxis

are

the

most

important

differences,

and

the

analysis

of

them

can

let

us

better

understand

the

two

languages

and

their

own

modes

of

thought.

3.1

The

definitions

of

the

two

concepts

The

differences

of

hypotaxis

and

parataxis

should

be

examined

based

on

the

theory,

and

next

I

will

first

give

a

description

of

their

concepts

and

combine

them

to

the

English-Chinese

translation

analyzing

some

sentences

in

details.

3.1.1

The

definition

of

hypotaxis

The

so

called

hypotaxis

refers

to

the

case

that

the

component

parts

of

a

sentence

are

joined

together

by

using

definite

connectives,

such

as

preposition,

relative

pronouns,

conjunction,

affixes,

etc.[9]P35

3.1.2

The

definition

of

parataxis

Parataxis

means

that

the

component

parts

of

the

sentence

are

placed

in

a

definite

order

to

indicate

their

relationship

without

any

connectives

in

between.

So,

the

syntactic

structure

appears

to

be

somewhat

loose,

but

rather

concise

and

expressive.

[10]P36

3.2

Example

(1)

English

original:

We

know

that

clean

energy

technologies

have

great

appeal

to

the

developing

world

beyond

the

value

we

in

the

developed

world

attach

to

their

capacity

to

limit

climate

change.

Chinese

version:

清洁性能源技术因为能够缓解气候变化而受到我们发达国家的青睐。同样，这种技术对发展中国家也有巨大的吸引力，但其价值却不止于此。基于C8051F单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究基于单片机的嵌入式Web服务器的研究MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC（8）05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正（STR）调节器单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP协议栈的实现基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的研究基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机实现一种基于单片机的轴快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究基于CYGNAL单片机的在线间歇式浊度仪的研制基于单片机的喷油泵试验台控制器的研制基于单片机的软起动器的研究和设计基于单片机控制的高速快走丝电火花线切割机床短循环走丝方式研究基于单片机的机电产品控制系统开发基于PIC单片机的智能手机充电器基于单片机的实时内核设计及其应用研究基于单片机的远程抄表系统的设计与研究基于单片机的烟气二氧化硫浓度检测仪的研制基于微型光谱仪的单片机系统单片机系统软件构件开发的技术研究基于单片机的液体点滴速度自动检测仪的研制基于单片机系统的多功能温度测量仪的研制基于PIC单片机的电能采集终端的设计和应用基于单片机的光纤光栅解调仪的研制气压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研制基于单片机的数字磁通门传感器基于单片机的旋转变压器-数字转换器的研究基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的研究单片机控制的便携式多功能乳腺治疗仪的研制基于C8051F020单片机的多生理信号检测仪基于单片机的电机运动控制系统设计Pico专用单片机核的可测性设计研究基于MCS-51单片机的热量计基于双单片机的智能遥测微型气象站MCS-51单片机构建机器人的实践研究基于单片机的轮轨力检测基于单片机的GPS定位仪的研究与实现基于单片机的电液伺服控制系统用于单片机系统的MMC卡文件系统研制基于单片机的时控和计数系统性能优化的研究基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究单片机控制的后备式方波UPS提升高职学生单片机应用能力的探究基于单片机控制的自动低频减载装置研究基于单片机控制的水下焊接电源的研究基于单片机的多通道数据采集系统基于uPSD3234单片机的氚表面污染测量仪的研制基于单片机的红外测油仪的研究96系列单片机仿真器研究与设计基于单片机的单晶金刚石刀具刃磨设备的数控改造基于单片机的温度智能控制系统的设计与实现基于MSP430单片机的电梯门机控制器的研制基于单片机的气体测漏仪的研究基于三菱M16C/6N系列单片机的CAN/USB协议转换器基于单片机和DSP的变压器油色谱在线监测技术研究基于单片机的膛壁温度报警系统设计基于AVR单片机的低压无功补偿控制器的设计基于单片机船舶电力推进电机监测系统基于单片机网络的振动信号的采集系统基于单片机的大容量数据存储技术的应用研究基于单片机的叠图机研究与教学方法实践基于单片机嵌入式Web服务器技术的研究及实现基于AT89S52单片机的通用数据采集系统基于单片机的多道脉冲幅度分析仪研究机器人旋转电弧传感角焊缝跟踪单片机控制系统基于单片机的控制系统在PLC虚拟教学实验中的应用研究基于单片机系统的网络通信研究与应用基于PIC16F877单片机的莫尔斯码自动译码系统设计与研究基于单片机的模糊控制器在工业电阻炉上的应用研究基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究与开发基于Cygnal单片机的μC/OS-Ⅱ的研究基于单片机的一体化智能差示扫描量热仪系统研究基于TCP/IP协议的单片机与Internet互联的研究与实现变频调速液压电梯单片机控制器的研究基于单片机γ-免疫计数器自动换样功能的研究与实现基于单片机的倒立摆控制系统设计与实现单片机嵌入式以太网防盗报警系统基于51单片机的嵌入式Internet系统的设计与实现单片机监测系统在挤压机上的应用MSP430单片机在智能水表系统上的研究与应用基于单片机的嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议栈的实现与应用单片机在高楼恒压供水系统中的应用基于ATmega16单片机的流量控制器的开发\t