论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失与自我发现英语论文

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失和自我发现学院：XXX学院专业：机器翻译班级：XXXX机器翻译1班学生姓名：XXX学号：XXXX指导教师：XX职称：XXX论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨拉尔夫•埃里森《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失，自我发现与自我实现过程；同时通过分析三者之间的关系探讨现代美国文化的重要主题——自我身份认同。论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为四章，第一章从四个方面分析了主人公不可见的原因；第二章从主人公三个主要生活阶段分析了主人公的自我迷失；第三章从四方面分析了主人公的自我发现；第四章重点写主人公的自我实现。论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的专家对《看不见的人》从不同角度的主题分析及美国现代文化的研究。研究路线是首先从四个方面分析主人公不可见的原因；其次分析主人公不可见的具体体现；再次从四方面分析主人公的自我发现；最后重点写主人公的自我实现。主要参考文献Ellison,Ralph.InvisibleMan.Beijing：ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,1999.LiGongzhao.ASurveyofAmericanLiteraturein20thCentury.Xi’an：Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,2000.拉尔夫•埃里森.《看不见的人》.任绍曾等译.南京：译林出版社，2008.易立君，杨红.寻找迷失的自我—论《看不见的人》的身份追寻.常熟理工学院学报（哲学社会科学）.2007（05）.计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX学院机器翻译专业XXX届学生姓名XXX论文（设计）题目论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失与自我发现指导教师XXX专业职称副教授所属教研室商务英语系研究方向20世纪英国文学研究课题论证：讨论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失，自我发现，自我实现的过程。方案设计：第一章分析了主人公不可见的原因，主要从主人公的超我意识，种族歧视，文化价值，资本主义经济发展四个方面分析；第二章从主人公三个主要生活阶段分析了主人公的自我迷失；第三章从四方面分析了主人公的自我发现；第四章重点写主人公的自我实现。进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目3月23日前，导师与学生见面，确定大致范围，提出初步要求3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见：指导教师签名：年月日教研室意见：教研室主任签名：年月日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓名XXX学院XXX学院专业机器翻译年级（班）XXXX机器翻译1班论文题目论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失和自我发现完成时间XXX5/8论文内容摘要拉尔夫•埃里森的《看不见的人》是美国文学史上的里程碑。这本小说体现了自我发现这一普遍主题，即每个人都会经历发现真正的自我这一过程。《看不见的人》是主人公自我身份认同的过程，可谓一波三折，从自我迷失，自我发现到自我实现。本篇论文就主人公的不可见，自我迷失和自我发现进行分析来发现它们之间的关系，同时探讨现代美国文化的重要主题——自我身份认同。本篇论文将分析主人公的自我迷失和自我发现，共包含四部分。第一章分析了主人公不可见的原因，主要从主人公的超我意识，种族歧视，文化价值，资本主义经济发展四个方面分析；第二章从主人公三个主要生活阶段分析了主人公的自我迷失；第三章从四方面分析了主人公的自我发现；第四章重点写主人公的自我实现。指导教师评语年月日指导教师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录：记录人签字：年月日答辩小组意见：组长签字：年月日学院意见：评定成绩：签章年月日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述LiteratureReviewPublishedin1952,RalphEllison’sInvisibleManhasbeenacclaimedbyagrowinglineofcommentatorswritinginvariouscriticaltongues:structuralists,formalists,psychologicalcritics,folkloreandmythcritics(O’Meally,1980:78).RalphEllisonhaspaintedusathree-new-pictureofmodernlifeintheUnitedStates.NathanA.ScottJr.InEllison’sVisionofCommunitaslocatesInvisibleManinalineoftwentieth-centurymodernistfictions,whichhavebeenorganizedtowardtheendofenvisagingnewformsoflifeforsoul(2004).StudiesonInvisibleManAbroadRalphEllisonisablackwriter,soalotofcriticshavestudiedthethemeofidentityinInvisibleMan,forexample,TonnyTanner’s1971studyofthethecontemporaryAmericannovel,CityofWords,devotesafullchaptertoInvisibleMan,claimingthatitisthemostprofoundnovelaboutAmericanidentitywrittensinceWorldWar=2\*ROMANII.RobertG.O’Meally’sTheRulesofMagic:HemingwayasEllison’s’AncestorisanextendedmediationonEllison’sfamousstatementthatwhileawritercannotchoosehisrelatives,hecan,indeedmustchoosehisancestors(2004).Manycriticshavealsopaidattentiontotheuniquestructureofthenovel.KennthBurkeinhisessayRalphEllison’sTruebloodedBildingsromantracestheinvisibleman’sprogressiontowardmasteryinawaycompatiblewithhisownpatternof“purpose,passion,perception”wordsEllisonwroteonthetypescriptsofInvisibleMantodenotethenovel’smovementandstructure(2004)and,WilliamSchafer’s1968article,RalphEllisonandtheBirthoftheAnti-Hero,carefullyexploresthenovel’sintricateplotpatternsasafour-partspiritualquestbeginningwiththehero’sfalsesenseofemancipationandendingwithadisintegrationoftheself.TheprotagonistofInvisibleManhasgotauniquepositioninthenovel,whichhasalsocaughttheattentionofsomecritics.InTheMeaningofNarrationinInvisibleMan,ValerieSmith(2004)explorestheInvisibleMan’s“doubleconsciousnessofrelivingone’sstoryasbothnarratorandprotagonist”(209).AlainLockepraisesEllisonforhisthree-dimensionalcharacterizations,hisbrilliantuseofirony,andhiscomprehensiveandpenetratingvisionofraceinAmerica(2000).SomecriticshaveanalyzedInvisibleManfrompost-modernisticpointofview,forinstance,AlanNadel’sInvisibleCriticism(1988)makesextensiveuseofpostmodernistcriticaltheorytorevealhowInvisibleMandeconstructstwentiethcenturynotionsofAmericantradition,cultureandidentity,whichreduceminoritiesto“invisibility”andmarginalityandKeithByermaninFingeringtheJaggedGrain(1985)examinesinmeticulousdetailthedialecticalnarrativepatternsinInvisibleMan,arguingtheirabilitytogeneratenewideas.JohnF.CallahanisreallyanexpertinstudyingRalphEllison.HisIntheAfrican-AmericanGrain(1988)providesanotherprovocativeandnuancedprobingofEllison’ssophisticateduseofblackfolkarttoenrichtwentiethcenturywriting.InInvisibleManEllisonnotonlyusesthematicmotifsfromthebluesandfolktalesbutalsoskillfullyemploysa“call-and-response”techniquewhichiscentraltoblacksermonsandvernacularspeech.InanotheressayEllison’sInvisibleManCallahanattemptstoshowtheinspiredrevisionsbehindtheopen-endedquestioningformoftheepilogue,especiallytheinvisibleman’slastconcludingquestioning(orchallenge),whichisaddressedtoeveryonewhoreadsthenovel,nomatterwhatthatindividual’stime,placeoridentityis.Andfinally,RalphEllisonhasstronglybeeninfluencedbyRussiannovelistDostoevsky.WilliamBarretinAmericanMemorycomparesInvisibleManwithimportantmasterworksofEuropeanmodernismsuchasCeline’s(1894-1961)JourneytotheEndoftheNight(1932)andDostoevsky’s(1821-1881)NotesfromtheUnderground(1863)(2000).Dostoevsky’sstronginfluenceonEllisoniscarefullydocumentedinimportantarticleswrittenbyJosephFrankwhodrawsrevealingparallelsbetweentheculturalsourceofalienationexpressedinNotesfromtheUndergroundandInvisibleMan.StudiesonInvisibleManinChinaTherearealsoalotofcriticsstudyingInvisibleManinChina,thoughmostofthemonlytranslatetheforeignmaterialsintoChinese.ZhangXiuminghasstudieditssymbolicartisticfeatures(1998)andLiJiancangin2004studiedtheuseofsymbolismbyRalphEllisoninInvisibleMan,suchasstructuresymbolism,charactersymbolism,thesymbolismof“invisible”and“identity”andothersymbolismatthelanguagelevel.In1998WangLilimadeacomprehensivestudyonthetheme,symbolism,andartisticfeaturesofthenovel.ChenXizhi(2002)hasexploredInvisibleManfromastylisticviewpointthusfindingnewmeaningsfromthenovel.Foritsnarrativestyle,bothWangFengzhen(1999)andLinYan(2002)havestudieditindetail.WangFengzhenhashighlypraisedtheuniquenarrativepatternandcombinationofrealismandsurrealisminInvisibleMan.LuShan(2002)andXuHaiyan(2001)hasanalyzedtheidentitythemeofthenoveland,in2006,WangWeiexertedanexistentialapproachtoidentityinInvisibleMan.ProfessorTanHuijuanfromZhejiangUnivesityhasstudiedRalphEllisonandInvisibleMancomprehensively.Theartisticfeatures,theidentityproblem,thesymbolismandthethemeofthenovelhaveallbeenstudiedbyher.Whatismore,shehasstudiedthegreatinfluenceofFreud’spsychobiologicalanalysisonRalphEllison(2004).OtherwritershavealsostudiedInvisibleManintheirworksfromtheirownviewpoints,suchasFuJingchuan(1996),YangRenjing(2000),andMaoXinde(2004).Andrecently,somescholarshavepaidattentiontotheartisticfeaturesofthenovelindetail.ChenLanxunhasinherarticleTheIronyofInvisibleMananalyzeditsverbalirony,situationalironyandstructuralirony(2007).TheuseofsatireinInvisibleManisexploredbyDongYing.Shepointsoutthatsatireprovidesprofoundmeaningbysimplewordsandexposesthatthereis,asamatteroffact,greatinjusticeintheracistAmericansociety(2007).ConclusionYetfewpeoplehavepaidseriousattentiontoitsdialogicfeatures.SincethepublicationofBakhtin’smajorworksonphilosophy,linguistics,andliterature,suchasTheDialogicImagination(1981),ProblemsofDostoevsky’sPoetics(1984),SpeechHenreandotherlateressays,dialogictheory,ordialogism,hasbecomeanewlyindependentcriticalweapon.Ithasgreatlyinfluencedtheliterarycircleinthewest.“ThehistoryofBakhtin’sreceptionsuggeststhatifwearetocontinuetothinkabouthisworkinawaythatisuseful,somesyntheticmeansmustbefoundforcategorizingthedifferentwayshemeditatedondialogue”(Holquist,1990;15),itisobviousthatdialogueisthemostimportantkeytotheassumptionsthatguidedBakhtin’sworkthroughouthiswhilecareer.Thefamouscritic,BerndtOstendorf(1986),hasalsowitnessedtheinfluenceofBakhtinonRalphEllison.Hehasobserved,“acasecouldbemadeforafamilyresemblancebetweenEllisonandMikhailBakhtin,whoseunderstandingofthenovelasadialogicformwithapolyphonyofvoicecomestomind”(151).AndinChinaLuShanhasalsostudiedtheidentityproblemofthenovelbasedonpolyphonytheoryofBakhtin.本科生毕业论文题目：论《看不见的人》中主人公的自我迷失和自我发现作者姓名XXX指导教师XX所在学院XXX学院专业（系）机器翻译班级（届）XXXX届完成日期XXX年5月8日AnalysisoftheNarrator’sSelf-lossandSelf-discoveryinInvisibleManByXXXXProf.XXX,TutorAThesisSubmittedtoForeignLanguageDepartmentInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsFortheDegreeofB.AinEnglishatXXXXMay8th,XXXXAbstractInvisibleManbyRalphEllisonisanovelwhichembodiestheuniversalthemeofself-discovery,ofthesearchtofigureoutwhoonetrulyisinlifewhichweallareembarkedupon.ThestoryofInvisibleManistheprocessofthenarrator’sseekingforhisidentity,whichhehasgonethroughalotoftwistsandturns,fromself-loss,self-discovery,toself-realization.“Lossofself-identity”and“seekingself”isanimportantthemeofAmericanliterature.Inthisthesis,theinvisibilityofthenarrator,lossofself-identity,self-discoveryandseekingselfarediscussedinordertofindtherelationoftheseelementsandtheimportantthemeofcontemporaryAmericanliterature:self-identity.Thisthesisconsistsoffourparts.ChapterOneanalysesthethecausesforthenarrator’sinvisibility,inwhichhissuper-ego,racialdiscrimination,culturalvalue,andeconomicdevelopmentofcapitalismareemployedtoserveasthemainfactors；ChapterTwodealswithself-lossofthenarrator,whichisreflectedinhisthreemainlifestages;ChapterThreestudiestheprocessofhisself-discoveryfromfourperspectives;ChapterFourfocusesontheself-realizationandhisemergingfromhibernation.Keywordsself-lossself-discoveryself-realizationself-identity摘要拉尔夫•埃里森的《看不见的人》是美国文学史上的里程碑。这本小说体现了自我发现这一普遍主题，即每个人都会经历发现真正的自我这一过程。《看不见的人》是主人公自我身份认同的过程，可谓一波三折，从自我迷失，自我发现到自我实现。本篇论文就主人公的不可见，自我迷失和自我发现进行分析来发现它们之间的关系，同时探讨现代美国文化的重要主题——自我身份认同。本篇论文将分析主人公的自我迷失和自我发现，共包含四部分。第一章分析了主人公不可见的原因，主要从主人公的超我意识，种族歧视，文化价值，资本主义经济发展四个方面分析；第二章从主人公三个主要生活阶段分析了主人公的自我迷失；第三章从四方面分析了主人公的自我发现；第四章重点写主人公的自我实现。关键字自我迷失自我发现自我实现自我身份认同TableofContentsIntroduction 1ChapterITheCausesfortheNarrator’sInvisibility 3ASuper-ego(self-loss)forhisinvisibility 3BRacialdiscriminationforhisinvisibility 5CCulturalvalueforhisinvisibility 7DEconomicdevelopmentofcapitalismforhisinvisibility 8ChapterIISelf-LossoftheNarrator 10AInvisibilityinuniversitylife 11BInvisibilityinNewYork 12CInvisibilityinbrotherhood 13ChapterIIITheProcessofSelf-discovery 15AFromthetowntothecollege 15BInthepaintplant 15CFromthepaintplanttoHarlem 16DFallingtothehole 16ChapterIVSelf-RealizationandEmergingfromtheHibernation 18Conclusion20Notes IV.Self-RealizationandEmergingfromtheHibernationThenarrator’sculturalidentityawakeningwasaftertheexplosion.Broadway,willingtobeanunknownpainter,settleddowninthebasementtomakepaintforthewhitepeoplefordecades,butbeingafraidoflosinghisjob,heplottedtheexplosion,whichresultedintheinjuryofthenarrator.Wakingupfromthecoma,thewhitedoctoraskedagainandagain,“Whoisthetimidrabbit”5.Thisfairytaleintheblackculturemadethenarratorsuddenlyrealizedthathisdestinywasteasedjustastherabbitinthefairytale.Inthedistance,theuniquemelodyandrhythmofblackballadimpressedthenarratordeeply,hefeltshamedandself-condemnedforhispastactions.Herealizedthathehadblackbloodinhisveins,andhewasdeeplyconnectedtoblackculture,thushechangedhisrejectionandestrangementtotraditionalblackculturegradually.Facedbythehypocrisyofthewhitedoctor,herespondedcalmly.Hewasnolongerafraidofbigshotorthepresident,forsincehecouldnotexpecttogetsomethingfromthem,therewasnoreasontoscare.InHarlem,thenarratorwascompletelyintegratedintotheblackculture.Comparedwiththecoldnessofthewhitepeople,Mary,ablackwoman,devotedtotakingcareoftheyoungpeople,representedsomekindofpower,andalsothesymbolofblackculture.HisgratitudetowardsMarywasoutofhisgratitudetotheblackculture.Thenarratorwasnolongershunnedfromsomethingthattheblackpeoplewouldliketoeat,instead,heatepotatoesirresponsiblyonthestreetlikeotherblackmen.Therewasnoneedforhimtodepresshisemotionbeforethewhitepeopleortoingratiatethemselveswithothers.Hewasblackman,andtheidentityconsciousnessmadehimwontheunprecedentedhappiness.OnHarlemStreetseeingtheProvocouple,whowereintheireighties,weredrivenoutoftheirroomonacoldday,thenarratorofferedtodefendforthem.Thenovelrepeatedlydescribedthecouple’sproperty:anoldfreeIDcard;apairofroughaccompanimentfracturewhichremindedthenarratorofthedistantplacesandpastyears.Itwasnotsomuchhisownmemories,itwastheverseandimagesthathethoughtof.Thiswasaburstofvaguememory,fromwhichwecouldseethatthenarratorhasacceptedtheblackculturecompletely.Intheepilogue,heannouncedthat:thehibernationhadcometoanend,hemustfadetheoldskinandwenttothesurfacetohavesomefreshair.Thismeantthatthenarratorhadsaidgoodbyetothepast,andhehadconfidenceinseekingfortherootofblackculture.Fromtheignoranceoftheblackculturetoidentifyingblackculture,tofinallytheintegrationwithblackculture,the“invisibleman”hadgonethroughalongprocessofseekingforblackcultureandhisidentity.Thedifficultyhehadgonethroughrevealedtheunprecedentedchallengesthenegrohadfacedvividly.

ConclusionJustlikemostofthecontemporaryliteraryworks,InvisibleManexpressesanimportantthemeofAmericanliterature—seekingself.Thenarratorinthenovelisantypicalblackmanwhoisdiscriminatedbythewhitesocietyandgetslostinthemodernworld.Hisinvisibilityisduetothecruelsociety,whereheisneglectedbyeveryoneandnobodyrecognizeswhathehasachieved,whichisunfairfortheblackpeople.Tosomedegree,itisalsoonekindofisolation,whichissimilartothe“hibernation”thatthenarratorchoosesattheendofthenovel.Theinvisibilityofthenarratorcauseshimtolosehisidentityinthesociety,hecannotdefinehimselfasanormalindividualandgetconfusedofhisidentity.Intheend,thenarratorbeginstorenewhisknowledgeaboutdefiningself,seekingselfanddeterminestoturnupfromhishibernation,resolvestomakeavisibledifferenceandfacesociety,whichrepresentshisarousalfromthementalchaosorconfusedsituation.Throughoutthenovel,thenarratorwasceaselesslyseekinghistrueidentity,andattheendhegraspsthathedoesnothavearealidentity.Heisinvisibletoothers,ortobemoreprecise,heisamirrorthatreflectsonlywhatotherpeoplewanttosee.Thestoryofhowhecomestorecognizehisinvisibilitydealswiththethemeofself-discovery,ofthatotherpeoplecannottellyouwhatisyourrealidentity,thoughtheywillattemptifgiventhechance.Thenarrator’seffortstofindouthisrealselfstandsforthewaythatweallmuststrivetodefineourselves.Self-definitionisonemaintopicthroughoutthenovel,aswellasonethatisconstantlyreinforcedbytheeventsinthestory.Thenovelisveryhelpfulforpeoplewhogetlostinthemodernculturetogetridoftheconfusedcondition,especiallyfortheyounggenerationwhoiseasilyconfusedbytherealityofthesociety.Todefineoneselfcorrectlyandtofindtherightpositioninsocietyarethemaintasksduringourlifetime.Afterrealizingourselvesproperly,weshouldreachaconceptionofouridentitythathonorsourcomplexityasanindividualwithoutsacrificingsocialresponsibility.Ourlifesuffuseswithmanypeoplewhoseekforthemselves,likethenarrator,alsothosewhohavelostthemselveseventhoughtheyareneitherblacknorwhite,likethepresidentinthecollege.Ellisonusesthenarrator,ablackmanwithoutname,astherepresentativeofAmericanblackculture,andhesearchesforhumannaturefromtheculturalperspective,aswellastherealexistenceofblackculture.What’sdifferentfromtraditionalblackcultureisthatEllisonhascriticizedbothcateringtothewhitesandviolentstruggleagainstthewhites.Hepointsoutthatifonenationwantstogetridoftheadversesituationandfindtheirwayout,theymustfirstaccepttheirrealselves,thattheyareblackpeople,onlyinthisway,willtheynotlosethemselvesinthemulticulturalenvironment.Onlybyfollowingtheself-discoveryandself-shapingroad,willthenationfindoutanewpathforthemselves.DuboisoncesaidthattheAfrican-Americanhistoryisthehistoryofstruggle.Theyareeagertogetthestatusofself-consciousness,eagertointegratetheirdoubleselfintothebetterself.

NotesRalph·Ellison.InvisibleMan.Beijing：ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress(1999),p8.Ibid.p185.Ibid.p216.Ibid.p311.Ibid.p346.

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