2016高考英语阅读理解-推断题解题方法

试卷主旨要义选择标题简单判断和推理推断生词词义22255111055014年卷I12155114年卷II10154215卷I13053115卷II14155116卷III111562全国卷近5年阅读理解考点分布对比(含七选五)2021/5/91ReadingComprehension-InferenceQuestions阅读理解专题—推理判断题2021/5/92推理判断类题型特点:

在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。

2021/5/931.

推断隐含意义

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的4.

推断文章出处

5.推断上下文

阅读推理判断题推断题分类2021/5/941.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.

这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。一、如何推断隐含意义2.技巧点拨1).找到信息源2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息2021/5/95Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsectsOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised."Well”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”2021/5/962.Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.

Thepassageimpliesthatrocks________.hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches2021/5/97二、如何推断作者观点和态度：1.问题特点：题干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,thinkof,thinkabout,intheauthor’sopinion/mind等标志性词语.2021/5/98二、如何推断作者观点和态度：2.技巧点拨：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词，虚拟语气，情态动词，某些过渡词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。2021/5/99说明作者的态度:(1)objective

(2)positive(3)negative(4)neutral(5)approval(6)disapproval(7)indifferent(8)ironic(9)critical(10)optimistic(11)pessimistic(12)cautious客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的TakingNotes谨慎的2021/5/9103.Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform2021/5/9114.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchdangerousactivities?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people’sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkinsafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungee

jumping.Thewriterofthetexthasa_______attitudetowardsdangeroussports.

A.positiveB.negativeC.neutral

D.nervous2021/5/912三、如何推断写作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.2021/5/9132.技巧点拨

(1)

从文体类别来推断写作目的(2)

从写作手法来推断写作目的(3)

根据主题句推断写作目的2021/5/9142.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.2021/5/915

“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem52021/5/916

Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.

62021/5/917

Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife2021/5/918

Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.

62021/5/919

Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife2021/5/920

45.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.

Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway---bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears’experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.(2分钟)真题链接【2014年广东卷】C72021/5/921【技巧点拨】1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。

3.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。关注主题句2021/5/922

1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推断文章出处2021/5/9232.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构或典型的句子来判断其出处：(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称

(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等(4)网络：www…com,blog,ebooks,clickhere…，Internet，update…2021/5/924Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Signupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________AaradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram2021/5/925

Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotabletswithwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.

Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.medicalbookB.newspaperC.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine2021/5/926五．推断上下文内容1.Questionforms:Thenextparagraph

wouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.2021/5/9272.解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。2021/5/9289.Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundings.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofchangingtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheycutdowntrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreaterareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarming.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelof

sophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分钟）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization(城市化)2021/5/929

Accordingtotheserules,whatstatementshouldn’twechoose?1.备选项的中心词背离文章的主题思想2.文中叙述的是事实3.文中没依据主观臆断4.太绝对或太片面5.偷换概念2021/5/930

Practicemakesperfect.2021/5/9311.Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes."Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"

2021/5/932

1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.shewasbeautifulC.itapleasuretomakefriendswithher

D.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch2021/5/9332.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.高考链接2021/5/934Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.D.Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor,sherefusestofallintoself­pity.“Everybodyonearthcanask,‘whyme?’aboutsomethingorother,”sheinsists.“Itdoesn’tdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的)toheartachepain,anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I’vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI’vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”42021/5/935

Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?A.HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB.HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC.TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD.GoodolddayswillneverbeforgottenThenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadn’tbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob---eatinginsects.Withsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.5topicsentence2021/5/936

Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身体的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).）

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepress