安徽省淮北市宋庙初级中学2021年高三英语测试题含解析

安徽省淮北市宋庙初级中学2021年高三英语测试题含解析一、选择题1.Youcancongratulateyourself_____havingdoneanexcellentjob.A.on

B.at

C.for

D.in参考答案：A2.You’dbetterhaveyourshoes

.

A.mending

B.tomend

C.mend

D.mended参考答案：D3.—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I______uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cut B.wascutting C.hadcut D.havebeencutting参考答案：D4.IusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI

coffee．

A．prefer

B．preferred

C．havepreferred

D．ampreferring参考答案：A5.Anyone_____bags．boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice．A．seencarry

B．seencarrying

C．sawtocarry

D．seentobecarrying参考答案：B6.—IbelieveTomtobeagreatbusinessmanlikeBillGatesinthefuture.—Whydoyouthinkso?—Becauseheis________inbusiness.A.aspoorasachurchmouse

B.assharpasaspearC.asbusyasabee

D.asslyasafox参考答案：B略7.Toreduceemissionsofgreenhousegases,manycountriesareincreasingtheuseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______energy.A.alternative

B.original

C.abandoned

D.precious参考答案：A8.Thisgroupofdesigners

aplanfortheprojectofthecompany．A.drewup

B.sentup

C.setup

D.turnedup参考答案：A略9.Thissmallseasidevillageisaperfectplaceforholidayssothatvisitorsneverleaveit

．

A．feltdisappointing

B．feelingdisappointed

C．feelingdisappointing

D．feltdisappointed参考答案：B

10.Wemustn’twasteanything.________,youshouldn’twastetime.

A.Afterall

B.Aboveall

C.Atall

D.Inall参考答案：B11.一CanIhavethedocumentrightnow?

一Ofcourse．WaitaminuteandI’llhavemysecretary

itforyou

A．toprint

B．printing

C．printed

D．print

参考答案：D

12.Undergoodtreatment,Lindaisbeginningto_________andwillsoonrecover.

A.pickup

B.turnup

C.takeup

D.showup参考答案：A13.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,______suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.A.sending

B.tosend

C.havingsent

D.tohavesent参考答案：A14.Sometimesthebestisnotavailabletous,andwejust______theexistingsituation.A.settlefor

B.substituteforC.answerfor

D.makefor参考答案：A【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时我们得不到最好的，我们只能满足于现状。A.settlefor勉强接受；B.substitutefor取代；C.answerfor对……负责；D.makefor朝……前进。由“notavailabletous,”和“just”可知，settlefor符合语境。故A选项正确。15.20．Thislargesumofdonationmoneywillbegivento

losttheirhomesintheearthquake．

A．whoever

B．who

C．whom

D．whomever参考答案：A略16.Hestillremembers_______toShanghaiwhenhewasachild,buthehasavagueimpressionnow.A.totake B.taking C.havingtaken D.beingtaken参考答案：D二、完型填空17.Thesearchfornew,cleanenergysourceshaveoccupiedtheattentionofscientistsandpoliticiansforyears.Onecommon___21___forgreenenergyisthewind.Anewtwistonthisoldresourcecouldcauseenergyoutputofwind-powerplantstoincreasegreatly.Standardwindpowerplantsrelyonstrongsupportand___22___canonlyreachtheheightof200metersorso.Higherthanthat,windstendtobestrongerandsteadier,butthechallengeis___23___howtoobtaintheenergyfromthosewinds.DelftUniversityofTechnologyintheNetherlandsandKarlsruheUniversityofAppliedSciencesinGermanyhaveformedakite-powerresearchgroup.Thegroupisworkingtodevelopkiteswithinflatable(可充气的)wings___24___toelectricalgenerator(发电机)ontheground.Theresearchgroup'sgoalistodesignakitethatcanoperateonitsownfor24hours.Researchhasbegun,butmanychallengesremain,includingmakingthegeneratormore___25___andperfectingtheautomaticflightcontrolandstructureofthekites.Nevertheless,inJune2012,theydemonstratedthattheirkitescouldoperate___26___atanaltitudeofupto700meters.Meanwhile,inItaly,researchersareworkingona(n)___27___powergeneratorthatreliesonkiteswhenthegeneratorcalledKiteGen,senseswindblowing,kitesare___28___fromtheendofpoleswithhigh-resistancecablestocontroltheirheightandangle.Thesecablesareabletomovethekitesifthesystemsensescomingobject___29___planes,helicoptersorevenindividualbirds.Thekitesthemselvesarelight,toughandabletoreachfairlyhighaltitude.Theloop(绕行)aroundinthewind,whichsetsthecenterofthegeneratorinemotion___30___electriccurrent.KiteGenhasthe___31___tobeverycost-effectiveinthelongrun.Aftertheoriginalcostofdesigningandsettinguptheplant,little___32___investmentwillbenecessary,apartfromstandardmaintenance.Theplantalsorequires___33___littlespace,whichmakesitidealforcitiesandmeansthatmultipleplantscanbesetuptoprovideevenmore___34___.Kitepowerhasthepotentialtogreatly___35___oncurrentwindpowerstrategies.Inthefuture,itmaybeanefficientcostefficientsupplementtotheothersourcesofenergyuseorevenareplacementforsomeofthem21.A.resolution B.proposal C.resource D.substitute22.A.generally B.frequently C.continually D.regularly23.A.carryingout B.figuringout C.breakingout D.pickingout24.A.chosen B.applied C.collected D.connected25.A.efficient B.complete C.powerful D.positive26.A.actively B.passively C.automatically D.artificially27.A.strange B.similar C.different D.original28.A.fastened B.revealed C.tailored D.released29.A.exceptfor B.insteadof C.suchas D.dueto30.A.producing B.inventing C.promoting D.developing31.A.qualification B.potential C.trend D.intention32.A.normal B.formal C.additional D.alternate33.A.concretely B.abstractly C.thoroughly D.ly34.A.energy B.strength C.technology D.opportunity35.A.focus B.extend C.improve D.transfer参考答案：21.C

22.A

23.B

24.D

25.A

26.C

27.B

28.D

29.C

30.A

31.B

32.C

33.D

34.A

35.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荷兰DelftUniversityofTechnology和德国KarlsruheUniversityofAppliedSciences组成了一个风筝动力研究小组，同时，在意大利的研究人员也在进行相似的实验，针对风能这一古老资源的新改造可能会使风力发电厂的能源产量大幅增加。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.resolution解决；B.proposal提议；C.resource资源；能源；D.substitute替代品。根据上文清洁能源已经困恼科学家和政客们很多年，而风能是最常见的一种“能源”，故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.generally通常；B.frequently频繁地；C.continually不断地；D.regularly定期地。句意：标准的风力发电厂依靠强大的支撑，通常只能达到200米左右的高度。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。A.carryingout实施；B.figuringout算出；弄清楚；C.breakingout爆发；D.pickingout选出。句意：高于这个数值，风就会变得更强更稳定，但挑战在于弄清楚如何从这些风中获取能量。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.chosen选择；B.applied应用；C.collected收集；D.connected连接。句意：该小组正在研制一种风筝，这种风筝的充气翅膀与地面上的发电机相连。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.efficient有效率的；B.complete完全的；C.powerful强大的；D.positive积极的。句意：研究已经开始，但仍有许多挑战，包括使发电机更有效率和完善自动飞行控制和风筝的结构。故选A。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.actively活跃地；B.passively被动地；C.automatically自动地；D.artificially人工地。句意：然而，在2012年6月，他们证明了他们的风筝可以在700米的高空自动飞行。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.strange陌生的；B.similar相似的；C.different不同的；D.original原始的。由上文meanwhile可知两组实验“相似”，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.fastened固定；B.revealed揭露；C.tailored裁制；D.released释放。由下文可知一感知到风的吹拂，高阻电缆就会将风筝从杆子的一端释放出来，故选D。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.exceptfor除了；B.insteadof而不是；C.suchas例如；D.dueto因为。根据下文planes,helicoptersorevenindividualbirds可知此处表示列举，故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.producing产生；B.inventing发明；C.promoting促进；D.developing发展。句意：在风的作用下，使发电机的中心产生电流的回路。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.qualification资格；B.potential潜能；C.trend趋势；D.intention意图。根据后文可知KiteGen在长远看来有可能是非常划算的潜能。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.normal正常的；B.formal正式的；C.additional附加的；D.alternate交替的。句意：除了标准的维护外，在设计和建造工厂的原始成本之后，几乎不需要额外的投资。故选C。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.concretely具体地；B.abstractly抽象地；C.thoroughly彻底地；D.ly相对地。这种植物相对地也只需要很少的空间，故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.energy能量；B.strength力量；C.technology技术；D.opportunity机会。这种植物会提供更多的能量，故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.focus集中；B.extend延伸；C.improve改善；D.transfer转换。句意：风筝能源有潜力大大改善目前的风力发电策略。故选C。【点睛】calculate、figureout、workout的区别calculate侧重于【精确到数字的计算】；figure更倾向于【估算,估计】,而且多不是数字方面的事情；workout一般是指解决问题，制定计划等。如workoutaprogram（制定计划）。第三小题中需要弄清楚的是如何从风中获取能量，不属于数字方面的事情，故选B。三、阅读理解18.Neuroscientistshaveexplainedtherisky,aggressiveorjustplainbafflingbehaviorofteenagersastheproductofabrainthatissomehowcompromised.Groundbreakingresearchinthepast10years,however,showsthatthisviewiswrong.Theteenbrainisnotdefective.Itisnotahalf-bakedadultbrain,either.Ithasbeenforgedbyevolutiontofunctiondifferentlyfromthatofachildoranadult.Themostimportantoftheteenbrain’sfeaturesisitsabilitytochangeinresponsetotheenvironmentbymodifyingthecommunicationnetworksthatconnectbrainregions.Itallowsteenagerstomakeenormousprogressinthinkingandsocialization.Butthechangealsomakesthemsensitivetodangerousbehaviorandseriousmentaldisorders.Themostrecentstudiesindicatethattheriskiestbehaviorsarisefromamismatchbetweenthematurationofnetworksinthelimbicsystem(边缘系统),whichdrivesemotionsatadolescence,andthematurationofnetworksintheprefrontalcortex（前额皮质）,whichoccurslaterandpromotessoundjudgmentandthecontrolofimpulses.Indeed,wenowknowthatone’sprefrontalcortexcontinuestochangenoticeablyuntilhis20s.Andyetadolescenceseemstobestartingearlier,extendingthe“mismatchyears.”Theplasticityofnetworkslinkingbrainregions—andnotthegrowthofthoseregions,aspreviouslythought—iskeytoeventuallybehavinglikeanadult.Understandingthat,andknowingthatawideninggapbetweenthedevelopmentofemotionalandjudgmentnetworksishappeninginyoungpeopletoday,canhelpparents,teachers,counselorsandteenagersthemselves.Peoplewillbetterseethatbehaviorsuchasrisk-takingandturningawayfromparentsandtowardpeersarenotsignsofcognitiveoremotionalproblems.Theyareanaturalresultofbraindevelopment,anormalpartofadolescentslearninghowtonegotiatewithacomplexworld.Thesameunderstandingcanalsohelpadultsdecidewhentointervene.A15-year-oldgirl’sdeparturefromherparents’tastesinclothing,musicorpoliticsmaybeasourceofanxietyforMomandDadbutdoesnotindicatementalillness.A16-year-oldboy’stendencytoskateboardwithoutahelmetortoacceptriskydaresfromfriendsisnotunimportantbutismorelikelyasignofshort-rangethinkingandpeerpressurethanadesiretohurthimself.Knowingmoreabouttheuniqueteenbrainwillhelpallofuslearnhowtoseparateunusualbehaviorthatisage-appropriatefromthatwhichmightindicateillness.Suchawarenesscouldhelpsocietyreducetheratesofteenaddiction,motorvehicleaccidentsanddepression.28.Whatistheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph1?A.disabled.B.unmatured.C.intelligent.D.effective.29.Whatcanweknowaboutthechangeabilityofteen’sbrains?A.Itisadouble-edgedsword.B.Itispredictableandavoidable.C.Itresultsfromseriousfunctionaldisorders.D.Itisrelatedtotheirbraindevelopmentinthechildhood.30.Thelimbicsystemandtheprefrontalcortexarementionedinparagraph3to

.A.showthedifferencesbetweenthemB.explainwhatleadstoteens’riskiestbehaviorC.explaintherelationshipbetweenearlyadolescenceandthemD.showhowthemismatchbetweentheirmaturationofnetworkshappens31.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofthenewdiscovery.B.Theimportantroleadultsinteenagers’development.C.Possiblecognitiveandemotionalproblemsofteenagers.D.Long-termprospectsfortheresearchofteenagers’brains.参考答案：28-31.AACA19.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

HertaMüller,theRomanian-bornGermanwriter,haswonthe2009NobelPrizeforLiterature．TheawardwasannouncedinStockholmonThursday．

Ms．Müller,56,immigratedtoGermanyfromRomaniain1987．SheisthefirstGermanwritertowintheNobelinliteraturesinceGünterGrassin1999andthe13thwinnerwritinginGermansincetheprizewasfirstgivenin1901．Sheisthe12thwomantowintheliteratureprize．ButunlikepreviouswinnerslikeDorisLessingandV．S．Naipaul,Ms．MüllerislyunknownoutsideofliterarycirclesinGermany．

“Iamverysurprisedandstillcannotbelieveit,”Ms．MullersaidinastatementdeliveredbyherpublisherinGermany．“Ican’tsayanythingmoreatthemoment．”

Shehaswrittensome20books,butjust5havebeentranslatedintoEnglish,includingthenovels“TheLandofGreenPlums”and“TheAppointment．”

AtthenewsconferenceonThursdayattheGermanPublishers&BooksellersAssociationinBerlin,whereshelives,Ms．Müller,wearingallblackandsittingonaleopard-printchair,appearednervouswithallthecamerasflashingonher．

WhenaskedwhatitmeantthathernamewouldnowbementionedinthesamebreathasGermangreatslikeThomasMannandHeinrichB?ll,Ms．Müllerremainedphilosophical．“IamnownothingbetterandI’mnothingworse,”shesaid,adding:“Myinnerthingiswriting．That’swhatIcanholdonto．”

Earlierintheday,atanewsconferenceinStockholm,PeterEngland,secretaryoftheSwedishAcademy,saidMs．Müllerwashonoredforher“very,verydistinctspeciallanguage”andbecause“shehasreallyastorytotellaboutcrueltyandrepressioninavillagemuchliketheoneMüllergrewupin．”

TheawardsceremonyisplannedforDec．10inStockholm．Asthewinner,Ms．Müllerwillreceiveabout$1．4million．36．Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsarewrong