非谓语动词用法讲义annie

河高高三英语语法专题讲练——非谓语动词名称动词不定式动词ing形式过去分词一般式tododoingdone一般被动式tobedonebeingdone及物动词do的过去分词done完成式tohavedonehavingdone既表示被动又表示完成，个别完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone的过去分词（多数是不及物动实行式tobedoing词）并不表示被动的意思而只完成实行式tohavebeendoing有完成的含义。非谓语动词是英语语法教学中的重点和难点之一，同时也是历届高考考查的主要语法项目。一、辨明非谓语动词的基本形式todo,V-ing，V-ed。二、理解非谓语动词在句中的成份。不定式动词ing形式作主语或宾语，分词与不定式作状语、定语或宾语补足语。重点掌握非谓语动词的定义、形式、句法功能及常用的固定形式。下面谈谈非谓语动词九个重要考点一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别从时间关系上看，不定式表将来，v-ing形式表主动或实行，过去分词表被动或完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成）;从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动（不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表实行）。Isendyou100dollarstoday，therest inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相对应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相对应的被动式，因为它本身能够表示被动。When help，oneoftensays，“Thankyou.”Or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词（不定式、动词ing形式）的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：Thestormleft， alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedMoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays， advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken四、考查动非谓语动词用作主语原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项实行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：

1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview; theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having五．考查非谓语动词用作状语一）伴随状语在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：1.“Youcan’tcatchme!"Janetshouted， away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing，aslongasweweretogether， fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随（注意过去分词同时还表被动关系），但高考很少考查此用法。如：Hecamein，followedbyhiswife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。辨析：Hecamein,followinghis亚1£?.他走了进来，跟在他妻子的后面。二）目的状语1.“Canthep1.“Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?"“Sure，itcompletedintime，“Sure，A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get2.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust alookA.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have三）.结果状语1.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have三）.结果状语1.用v-ing表一种自不过然的结果。如：1.Hefired，killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。2.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear， arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。用不定式表一种意外的结果。如：他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound六、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表将来，现在分词表实行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise 。A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonYoushouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit oftenenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained七、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：Whilewatchingtelevision， 。A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsHitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.因为缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。八、考查"(be+)过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如beinterestedin，beworriedabout，belostin，bedressedin等，也往往是命题的热点。如： inthemountainsforaweek，thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing inawhiteuniform，helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed九、非谓语动词的综合考查有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来实行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：1.“IsBobstillperforming?"“I’mafraidnot.Heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.”A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft一．多项选择题1.【2012安徽】24.Iremembered_thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked2.【2012山东】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told（2013北京卷）29.Whenwesawtheroad withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked（2013江苏卷）24.LionelMessi, therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset（2013安徽卷）32. ___intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded6.（2013山东卷）29.Istoppedthecar ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken（2013重庆卷）30.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed, mestoriestillIfellasleep.A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell（2013四川卷）8. whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot（2013四川卷）10.Theairport nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted（2013江西卷）34.Iftolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.A.askedB.toaskC.AskingD.havingasked（2013湖南卷）31. ___warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay12.【2012陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut__anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet.【2012重庆】23. toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked.【2012全国】28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit.【2012北京】31. atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.Toknock16【.2012湖南】21.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo17.【2012辽宁】25.Theoldcoupleoftentakesawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog .A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows18【.2012辽宁】29.Thismachineisveryeasy .Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate19.【2012四川】6.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only hisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound20.【2012四川】8.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound二.完成句子I.Thecommunitycollegehastocutdownonstaff.(save)为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。(2014)WhenIworkonthefarmlandinthedaytime,Ialwaystoatreeontheriverbank.(keep)白天干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。(2013)Astimeispressing,Ithinkisthebestwaytogetfromheretotheconferencecentre.(take)因