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TheEducationalThoughtsofConfucius2021/5/91Introduction2021/5/92BorninthevillageofZoninthecountryofLuin551BCDiedin479BCPosition:ThefirsteducatorofprivateschoolMaindoctrine——Ren2021/5/93·FounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism·SymbolofChineseculture·Thinker·Educator·Statesman·Philosopher2021/5/94ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.2021/5/95HeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(礼,乐,射,御,书,数)Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.2021/5/96TheAnalectsisthesinglemostimportantbookinthehistoryofChina,whichexpressaphilosophy,oramoralcode,bywhichConfucius,oneofthemosthumanethinkersofalltime,believedeveryoneshouldlive.AnenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover2,000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.TheAnalects2021/5/97Philosophy2021/5/98仁Humanity智Knowledge义Knowledge信Knowledge礼KnowledgeBenevolence,tobehumanity,mercyandkindness;Justness,toberighteousnessRituals,customandlow,tobepoliteWisdom,tobeknowledgeableandwelleducatedRoyalty,faithful,reliable,accountable,responsible,creditable2021/5/99I
will
not
be
afflictedatmen's
not
knowing
me;
I
will
be
afflicted
that
I
do
not
know
men.不患人之不己知,患不知人也Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."2021/5/910Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.身修而后家齐Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.家齐而后国治TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.国治而后天下平2021/5/911EducationalThoughts2021/5/912ConfuciuswasChina'sfirsteducator.Hetaughtstudentsallhislife,andputforwardmanyimportanteducationalprinciplesandeffectiveteachingmethods.Heheldthatallmenwereeducable,becausebynaturemenwerequitealike,andtheyweremadedifferentbylearningandpractice.HewasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateeducation.Hebelievedthebasicgoalofeducationwastocultivate"personsofvirtue",whoshouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.2021/5/913Thiswasinhisdayanepoch-makingview,becauseitmeantthatnotonlythenobles,butpeopleofallotherclasses,wereentitledtoreceiveeducation.Histeachingmethodsincludedtheelicitingmethod,givinginstructionsaccordingtostudents'peculiarities,andcombiningtheorywithrealityandpractice.Todeepenhisstudents,understanding,hediscussedwiththemrealpeopleandeventsofearliertimesandhisday,expressinghisownviews,makinganalys,pointingouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses,andurginghisstudentstoweighanddecideissues.2021/5/914Educationtarget:thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontentmorality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogicalmethods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormen2021/5/915Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。2021/5/916Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.If
a
man
in
the
morninghear
the
right
way,
he
may
die
in
the
evening
without
regret.2021/5/917ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.子贡问曰:“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也?”子曰:“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之‘文’也。”2021/5/918Influence2021/5/919叁TheConfucianthoughtshaveawideinfluenceinallthenationsofEastAsia.InKoreaandJapan,ethicandetiquettehavebeenundertheinfluenceoftheConfucianviewpointssuchashumanity,justiceandetique
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