国际商务英语综合教程课件

AnIntegratedCourseinInternationalBusinessEnglish国际商务英语综合教程Chapter1ABriefIntroductiontoInternationalBusiness国际商务简介Ⅰ.ExplanatoryNotesonTechnicalTerms1.economicsurplus—经济盈余

2.portfolio[pt]n.—有价证券（清单）

3.aparentcompany—母公司(又称控股公司，总公司，即通过参入制来控制其他公司活动的大公司，受母公司控制的公司大致分为branch.Subsidiary)4.turnkeyproject—由承包商一手承包办理的工程

5.expropriation[]n.—征收（私人财产）或剥夺（某人之地产等）6.contemplate[]v.—在心中打算，企图7.extraterritorial[]—治外法权的8.collection—收款，托收9.correspondentbank—代理银行，往来银行10.insurancepolicy—保险单11.insurancecertificate—保险凭证12.weightmemo(note)—重量单，磅码单13.institutional—惯例的，团体的14.multilateral—多边的，多方的15.implement—实行，实施16.legislation—立法17.adjudication—审判官，裁判员Ⅱ.LanguagePoints（语言要点）

(Teachersshouldnotethathereweonlygiveyousomeofthelanguagepoints,youmayaddsomebyyourself.)1.buttodayithasamoretechnicaldefinition,whichistheproduction,distribution,andsaleofgoodsandserviceforaprofit.

但是，今天商业有更为科学的定义，它是指为了利润而进行货物和劳务的生产、分配和销售的一种活动。2.Forexample,amachinetoolissoldtosomeoneinexchangeformoneyoramechanicoffersaservicebyrepairingamachinetoolformoney,whichwecallsales.

例如，将一台机床卖给某人成交得钱，或者一个机修工提供修理机床的服务而得钱，我们都称之为销售。

Which引导的定语从句为修饰主句的定语从句，which代表主句意义，注意译文。在科技英语与商务英语中，经常有由代表整个主句意义的关系代词which引出一个定语，翻译时和主句译成排比句。E.g.Thesungivesuslightandheat,whichmakesusliveontheearthpossibly.

太阳给了我们光和热，这就使得我们有可能生活在地球上。3.giveriseto…使产生，引起，导致

E.g.…(以下例句由任课老师给出)4.differentsovereignpoliticalunits

不同的主权政治团体5.coverawiderangeof…包括……的广大范围6.Internationaltransactionsinphysicalgoodsinvolveproductsfrommining,petroleum,agriculture,andmanufacturingactivities.

物质商品中的国际交易涉及矿产品、石油产品、农产品和生产活动。7.Transactionsinservicesareextensiveintheconstruction,hotel,tourism,businessconsulting,andretailingandwholesalingsectors;

服务行业中的交易扩大到建筑、旅馆、旅游、商业洽谈以及零售和批发部门；8.Transactionsinintangiblesoccurinfieldssuchastechnology,trademarks,andcross-borderdatatransmission.

无形商品交易发生在技术、商标、跨国界资料的传递这样一些领域里。9.Foreigndirectinvestmentsaredefinedasinvestmentsthatgivetheinvestoreffectivecontrolandareaccompaniedbymanagerialparticipation.

所谓国外直接投资被人们解释为使投资者有效地控制企业并参与管理的投资。10.Directinvestmentmaybefinancedinanumberofwaysotherthanthroughcapitalmovementsabroad.

直接投资可以用许多方式来提供资金，而不是通过国外资金的运动。11.Withoutmakingforeigndirectinvestmentcommitments,firmscanengageininternationalbusinessthroughexportingandimporting,licensingofnonaffiliatedforeignfirms,saleoftechnology,foreignmanagementcontracts,andsellingturnkeyprojects.

没有进行国外直接投资交托的公司，也可以从事国际商务活动。通过出口和进口、非分支机构的国外公司的许可，销售技术，国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全包办的工程来进行。12.Thespecialriskelementsconfrontedininternationalbusinessactivityincludefinancial,political,regulatory,andtaxrisks.

国际商务活动面对的特别风险因素包括金融、政治、规章和税务的风险。13.Theneedhasbecomerecognizedforacontinuingbusinessintelligenceactivityofconsiderablecomplexitytoidentifyandpredictinternationalrisks.

人们逐渐认识到继续进行相当复杂的商务情报活动来辨认和预计国际风险是必要的。（payattentiontothetranslation.）14.Therefore,theworldbusinessperson,unlikethewhollydomesticbusinessperson,hastotakeintoaccountcomplexanddiverselegalconstraints.

因此，世界商人完全不像国内商人，必须重视复杂的和各种法律约束。

hastotakeintoaccount(consideration)…必须考虑15.Eachinternationaltransactionraisesthepossibilityoftheextraterritorialextensionofthedomesticlawsofthehomeandhoststates,whichmayresultinpotentialconflicts.

每宗国际贸易都增加了本国和东道国内部法律延伸到境外实行的可能性，这可能引起潜在的争端。16.Whenremittanceisadoptedininternationaltrade,thebuyeronhisowninitiativeremitsmoneytothesellerthroughabankaccordingtothetermsandtimestipulatedinthecontract.对外贸易的货款如采用汇付，由买方按合同约定的条件和时间，将货款通过银行主动汇给卖方。17.Thesellerissuesadraft,towhichtheshippingdocumentsareattached,forwardsthedrafttoabankinhisplace(i.e.,theremittingbank),makesanapplicationforcollectionandentruststheremittingbanktocollectthepurchasepricefromthebuyerthroughitscorrespondentbankabroad(i.e.,thecollectingbank).由卖方开具汇票并随附单据，把它交给当地银行（托收银行或受托银行）并提出托收申请，委托该银行通过它在进口地的代理行（代收银行），代向进口人收款。18.Becausetheremittingbankinstructsthecollectingbanknottopartthedocumentswiththelatteruntilthedraftisacceptedorpaid,manyofthedifficultiesmentionedin“ShipmentatfirstandSettlementlater”areremovedbythismethod.

因为托收银行指示代收银行直到买方承兑或支付汇票后才向他交单，这种方法排除了“先出后结”的许多弊病。19.Itiscomposedofateamofmanagerswhohavechargeoftheorganizationatalllevels.

管理班子由负责各级组织的经理们组成，他们的任务是确保公司目标的执行和追求企业有效经营。

Becomposedof…由……组成20.Inordertoadequatelyandefficientlyperformthesemanagementfunctions,managers

needinterpersonal,organizational,andtechnicalskills.

为了能确切有效地执行管理的这些功能，经理们须要具有交际能力、组织能力和懂得一定的技术21.ThestructureoftheWTOisdominatedbyitshighestauthority,theMinisterialConference,composedofrepresentativesofallWTOmembers,whichisrequiredtomeetatleasteverytwoyearsandwhichcanmakedecisionsonallmattersunderanyofthemultilateraltradeagreements.

世界贸易组织的最高权威机构，是由其全体成员国的代表组成的部长级会议。部长级会议至少每两年召开一次，可根据多边贸易协议中的任何一项协议对所有的问题做出决定。(根据句子结构用语法翻译法引导学生翻译此长句。)Ⅲ.KeystoTestYourself（练习答案）1.ComprehensionQuestions1)What’sthedefinitionofbusinesstoday?

Today,businesshasamoretechnicaldefinition,whichistheproduction,distributionandsalesofgoodsandservicesforprofit.2)What’sthebasicpurposeofbusinessactivities?

Thebasicpurposeofbusinessactivitiesiscreatingprofitoreconomicsurplus.3)Whatfeaturesdoesinternationalbusinessdealwith?

Internationalbusinessasafieldofmanagementtrainingdealswiththespecialfeaturesofbusinessfeaturesofbusinessactivitiesthatcrossnationalboundaries.(以下每课都只有前面3题给答案，4)题起以下均只给出题目，答案由任课老师备课时根据教辅自制。)4)What’sthescopeofinternationalbusinessactivities?5)What’sthedefinitionofforeigndirectinvestments?6)Whatdoesthespecialriskelementsconfrontedininternationalbusinessactivitiesinclude?7)Howdowetreattheinternationalrisk?8)Whyisinternationalbusinesslawacreatureofdomesticlaw?9)Pleasesaysomethingaboutthemanagementfunctionsininternationalbusiness.10)WhatlawsandregulationsoninternationalbusinessdoesChinahave?11)Whatdoestheword“credit”mean?What’sthecommercialcredit?12)Whatwaysofremittancecanthebuyeradoptwhenhesendsthemoneytotheseller?13)Whatiscollection?14)WhatdoesD/Pmeanininternationalbusiness?15)Whatdoes“PackingList”mean?16)WhatistheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)?17)WherearetheheadquartersoftheWTO?18)WhatarethefundamentalfunctionsoftheWTO?19)WhatisthehighestauthorityoftheWTOandhowoftenisitrequiredtomeet?2.TranslatethefollowingeconomictermsintoEnglish:1)商品交换或贸易

exchangeortradeforgoods2)世界经济舞台

theworldeconomicscene3)国外直接投资

foreigndirectinvestment4)多国企业5)商业和投资银行6)有价证券投资7)金融风险8)支付差额9)法律文件10)有效经营

(以下每课都只有前面3题给答案，4)题起以下均只给出题目，答案由任课老师备课时根据教辅自制。)3.Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswithappropriatewords.Investmentinonecountry

individualsandorganizations

anotherisanimportantaspectofinternationalbusiness.Investmentmaybefor

intheformofsecuritiesordirectcapitalintheformofproductivefacilities.Colonialismand

haveoftenbeendescribedintermsofpowerfulnationsexploitingthe

andnaturalresourcesofweaker,less-developedcountries.Whilesomeexploitation

stillremain,mostdevelopingaswellas

nationsnowsubstantiallycontrolthetypes,

andownershiptermsofinvestments

byforeigners.(此部分，仅给出课后习题中的一部分起引导作用，请任课教师根据需要自行增添内容。)byfromportfolioimperialismchangeshumandevelopedscopesmade4.TranslatetheFollowingPassageintoEnglish，thenAnswertheFollowingQuestions:

管理职能本世纪初，一位名叫亨利•法约尔的工业家曾撰文指出管理者应履行五项管理职能：计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。50年代中期，两位教授把计划、组织、人事安排、指挥和控制作为一本管理教科书的编写框架，该书成为随后20年中最畅销的管理类教科书。当今最流行的管理教材仍然按管理的职能编排，但这些职能通常已被概括为最基本的四项，即计划、组织、领导和控制。下面我们简要阐述每一项职能的含义。translation:ManagementFunctionsIntheearlypartofthiscentury,aFrenchIndustrialistbythenameofHenriFayolwrotethatallmanagersperformfivemanagementfunctions:theyplan,organize,command,coordinate,andcontrol.Inthemid-1950s,twoprofessorsusedthefunctionsofplanning,organizing,staffing,directing,andcontrollingastheframeworkforatextbookonmanagementthatfortwentyyearswasthemostwidelysoldtextonthesubject.Themostpopulartextbooksstillcontinuetobeorganizedaroundmanagementfunctions,althoughthesehavebeencondensedgenerallytothebasicfour:planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling.Let’sbrieflydefinewhateachofthesefunctionsencompasses.(onlypartofthetextisgivenandtranslated.Theteachercanaddmoreifneeded.)1)Whatfunctionsdomanagesusuallyperform?Allmangersperformfivemanagementfunctions:theyplan,organize,command,coordinate,andcontrol.2)What’stheroleofmanagementinanorganization?Ifyoudon’thaveanyparticulardestinationinmind,anyroadwillnotgetyouthereeventually.Sinceorganizationsexisttoachievesomepurpose,someonemustdefinethatpurposeandthemeansforitsachievement.Managementisthatsomeone.3)WhyiscontrollingFunctionnecessary?Afterthegoalsareset(planningfunction),theplansformulated(planningfunction),thestructuralarrangementsdelineated(organizingfunction),andthepeoplehired,trained,andmotivated(leadingfunction),somethingmaystillgowrong.Toensurethatthingsaregoingastheyshould,managementmustmonitortheorganization’sperformance.Actualperformancemustbecomparedwiththepreviouslysetgoals.Itthereareanysignificantdeviations,itsmanagement’sjobtogettheorganizationbackontrack.Thisprocessofmonitoring,comparing,andcorrectingiswhatwemeanbythecontrollingfunction.Chapter2

BusinessOrganizations

商务组织Ⅰ.ExplanatoryNotesonTechnicalTerms(专业术语)1.proprietorship—所有权2.stockholder—股东，持股人3.partnership—合伙企业4.entity—实体5.bankruptcy—破产6.joint-stockcompany—合股公司7.dividend—红利，股息8.bylaw—附则，细则9.treasurer—司库，财务长10.comptroller—主计长，总会计师Ⅱ.LanguagePoints(语言要点）

(Teachersshouldnotethathereweonlygiveyousomeofthelanguagepoints,youmayaddsomebyyourself.)1.underavarietyofformsofbusinessorganization.

以各种不同的商务组织形式

Under—据，依照，以……为依据

e.g.Underthetermsofagreement,thegoodsshouldbedeliveredinOctober.2.Thefactorstobeweighedinmakingthedecision

在做出决定时需权衡的因素

tobeweighedin…不定式的被动式作定语修饰factors。

E.g.ThemachinetobedesignedandmadeinourfactorywillbeexportedtoAmerica.

我们厂设计和制造的机器将出口到美国。3.Ageneralpartnership

is

anassociationoftwoormorepersonstocarryon,asco-owners,abusinessforprofit.

一般合伙企业是两个或两个以上的个人以共同所有者的身份，为从事盈利性的商业活动而组成的组织。

1）association社团，协会，行业组织

2）tocarryon,asco-owners,abusinessforprofit隔离不定式（不定式与宾语之间加状语）4.Also,thepartnersmaytakeadvantageofvariousbusinessdeductionsfortaxpurposes.

并且合伙人也可以享受多种税收优惠。

takeadvantageof…享受……的优惠

5.Aprimarydifferencebetweenthetwoisthatordinarilypreferredstockholdersareentitledtoreceivetheirdividendsbeforecommonstockholders.

两者（普通股东和优先股东）最主要的区别是优先股股东可以在普通股股东之前获取股息。

Beentitledtodo…有权做……6.Todayfew,ifany,countriesareeconomicallyself-sufficient.

当今，几乎没有国家在经济上是自给自足的。(注意省略部分的译文。)7.Aroughestimate

suggeststhatthe300largestTNCsownorcontrolatleastone-quarteroftheentireworld’sproductiveassets,worthaboutUS$5trillion.

粗略的估计表明300家最大的跨国公司拥有、或者控制着全世界生产性资产的四分之一，价值伍万亿。

Productiveassets生产性资产

WorthaboutUS$5trillion价值五万亿美元8.BecauseTrannationalityhasmanydimensionsandcanbeviewedfromseveralperspectives-economic,political,legal,etc.,TNChasthefollowingfeatures:

跨国公司因为其跨国性具有多个尺度，能从多个角度来看——如经济、政治、法律以及其他等等，跨国公司具备下列特征：

transnationality=transnationalcompany跨国公司

manydimensions多角性，多种尺度9.Aspercapitaincomeincreases,aslevelsofeducationincreaseandasthegrowthincommunicationstechnologyincreasesawarenessofalternativelifestyles,therearerisingexpectationswithregardtomatterssuchashousing,welfare,recreation,andmedicine.

收入的增加、教育水平的增长和通信技术的发展使人们对生活方式有更大的选择，对诸如住房、福利、娱乐和医疗方面的需求逐步增加。1）percapita人均，每人，按人头2）ascapitaincome随着人均收入……3）aslevelsofeducationincrease随着教育水平的提高4）asthegrowthincommunicationtechnologyincreases随着通讯技术的发展5）awarenessofalternativelifestyles选择生活方式的意识6）risingexpectations增长着的愿望7）withregardto关于8）suchas…诸如……9）welfare福利10）recreation娱乐10.ThereexistssomeevidencethatforeigndirectinvestmentbyTNCsandtheforeignexchangethatTNCsprovidecanimprovetheeconomicperformanceofthecountriesinwhichtheyoperate.

一些事实说明，跨国公司的直接投资和资本往来可显明地促进东道国的经济增长。复合句，用语法引导翻译法。指导学生理解和翻译。

1)主句thereexistssomeevidence2)第一个that引导的定语从句用以修饰主句的主语。这个定语从句有两个主语foreigndirectinvestment和foreignexchange，谓语是canimprove3)第二个that引导的定语从句thatTNCsprovide修饰第一个定语从句的主语。

4)Inwhich引导的定语从句修饰countries5)Perfomance经营，业绩，履行11)Althoughintheorytransnationalcorporationscanfostersocialdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesbytransferringmanagementskillsaswellasresearchanddevelopment(R&D)capacities,inpracticetheirrecordinthisfieldismixed.

虽然在理论上跨国公司可以通过传递管理技术和研发知识来推动社会的进步，但实践的效果喜忧参半。

1)fostersocialdevelopment推动社会的发展

2)bytransferringmanagementskillsaswellasresearchanddevelopmentcapacities.

通过传递管理技术和研发能力（来推动社会的进步）

3)bemixed掺和，结合，喜忧参半Ⅲ.KeystoTestYourself（练习答案）1.ComprehensionQuestions1)Whatarethemajordisadvantagesofsoleproprietorship?

Soleproprietorshiphasthefollowingdisadvantages:First,theownerisexposedtounlimitedliability.Thatmeanstheownerispersonallyliableforalldebtsofthebusiness.Thesedebtsmaybeincurredasaresultofacontractobligationorasaresultoftortliability.Second,thesoleproprietorshipisnormallynotinthebestpositiontoraiselargesumsofmoneybecauseitsabilitytorepayloansislimitedbytheassetsoftheindividualproprietor.Thethirddisadvantageisthesoleproprietorship’slackofcontinuity.2)Whatarethechiefdifferencesbetweengeneralpartnershipandlimitedpartnership?Thechiefdifferencesbetweengeneralpartnershipandlimitedpartnershiparethat:(1)oneormorepartnersinthelimitedpartnershiphavelimitedliability—thatis,theirliabilityislimitedtotheextentoftheirinvestmentinthepartnership—whereasallpartnersinageneralpartnershiphaveunlimitedliability.(2)Limitedpartnershavenocontrolovertheeverydaymanagement.)3)Isgeneralpartnershipalegalentity?Althoughgeneralpartnershipisregardedasanentityinitselfinthecourseofday–to–daybusinessactivities,thecommonlawdoesnotrecognizeitalegalentity,butusuallyasanaggregationofindividuals.Thus,apartnershipisnotafictionalpersonwithadistinctlegalexistenceapartfromitsmembers.

4)Whyisitdesirabletohavearticlesofpartnershipasfaraspartnershipisconcerned?5)Whathastobedealtwithbetweendissolutionandterminationofapartnership?6)Whyarethelimitedpartnersinalimitedpartnershiplikeshareholdersinacorporation?7)Whatarethemainadvantagesanddisadvantageofjoint-stockcompany?8)Whyisacorporationaseparatelegalentityforallpurposes?9)Whichfeaturemakesacorporationattractivetoinvestors?Why?10)Makeabriefcomparisonbetweensoleproprietorship,partnershipandcorporation.2.TranslatetheFollowingEconomicTermsintoEnglish:1)独资企业

soleproprietorship 2)普通合伙企业

generalpartnership 3)法人

fictionalperson4)合股公司 5)董事会 6)国有公司 7)资本摊缴8)多数股权9)优先股股东 10)公司章程3.ReadtheFollowingPassageandFillintheBlankswithAppropriateWords:

Ofthetheremostbasicformsofbusiness

,thesoleproprietorshipistheeasiesttostartorto

.Itsadvantagesincludethefactthatthe

cankeepalltheprofits,hasfreedominbusiness

andkeepthemin

.Theownercanalso

personalsatisfactionifthebusinessisa

.Ontheotherhand,asoleproprietorshiphaslimitationsintermsofthe

andthelifeofthebusiness,andtheownermust

unlimitedliabilityforall

.organizationdissolveowneroperationssecrecyderivesuccesssizeassumeobligations4.TranslatetheFollowingPassageintoEnglish，thenAnswertheFollowingQuestions:

公司法规所定的建立新有限公司的程序中，除了别的内容之外，还包括拟订公司章程和公司条例。公司条例的目的在于制订一套规章来控制公司的内部运转，其内容包括：公司股票的发行与转让，召开全体会议须遵循的程序，股东的选举权及许多其他事项。公司条例必须向公司注册官登记。否则，注册官将认定该公司已采用公司法则（1948）表格A中所列的条款。1)Whatdoestheprocedurefortheestablishmentofanewlimitedcompanyincludeamongotherthings?

TheprocedurefortheestablishmentofanewlimitedcompanylaiddownintheCompaniesActsincludesamongotherthingsthedrawingupofaMemorandumofAssociationandArticlesofAssociation.2)WhatisthepurposeoftheArticlesofAssociation?

ThepurposeoftheArticlesofAssociationistoprescribeasetofrulestogoverntheinternalworkingofthecompany.Translation:TheprocedurefortheestablishmentofanewlimitedcompanylaiddownintheCompaniesActsincludesamongotherthingsthedrawingupofaMemorandumofAssociationandArticlesofAssociation.ThepurposeoftheArticlesofAssociationistoprescribeasetofrulestogoverntheinternalworkingofthecompany.Theycoversuchthingsastheissueandtransferofthecompany’sshares,theproceduretobefollowedincallinggeneralmeetings,shareholders’votingrights,andmanyothermatters.ArticlesofAssociationrequiretoberegisteredwiththeRegistrarofCompanies.Unlessthisisdone,theRegistrarwillassumethatthecompanyhasadoptedthearticlessetoutinTableAoftheCompaniesAct(1948).Chapter3

WaysofBusiness

经营方式

Ⅰ.ExplanatoryNotesonTechnicalTerms（专业术语）1)intermediary—中间商2)merchandising—推销（组织产品展览及促销产品的活动）3)bookkeeping—薄记4)broker—经纪人5)franchise—特许经营权6)royalty—特许使用费7)disgruntled—不满的，不高兴的8)fraudulent—不诚实的，欺诈性的9)principal—委托人，委托公司10)fiduciary—信托的；受托人Ⅱ.LanguagePoints(语言要点)

(Teachersshouldnotethathereweonlygiveyousomeofthelanguagepoints,youmayaddsomebyyourself.)

1.Sotheroleofwholesalingandretailingistohandlethedistributionfunctionsmoreefficientlyandeffectivelywithverylittleriskandminimalinvestment.

所以，批发和零售的作用就是以极小的成本和最低的投资更有效地履行销售职能。

1)Tohandlethedistributionfunctionsmoreefficiencyandeffectively.以极小的成本和最低的投资更有效地履行销售职能

2)distributionn.分发，发送，经销，销售

distributionfunctions销售职（功）能

distributioncosts经销成本，销售成本

distributionmanager销售经理

channelsofdistributionordistributionchannels销售渠道

distributionslip销售条（单）

distributivetrade销售行（业）3）distributivea.分发的，经销的，分配的4）distributorn.经销公司，经销商

exclusiveorsoledistributor独家经销5）handlev.处理，组织，经营

handleforeigncars经营外国汽车

handlegoodsproducedbyotherfirms经营其他公司生产的商品2.Wholesalingincludesallmarketingtransactionsinwhichpurchasesareintendedforresaleorareusedinmakingotherproducts.

批发包括一切旨在转售或用于其他产品制造的营销形式，不包括与最终消费者的交易。1)marketingtransactions营销（交易）形式

marketing营销，销售术

marketingagreement销售协议

marketingdepartment销售部

marketingmanager销售经理

marketingplan销售计划2)Transaction商品交易

atransactiononthestockexchange证券交易所交易

cashtransaction现金交易

exchangetransaction外汇交易3)resalen.再卖，转售

resellv.再卖，转售3.Byprovidingassortmentsofproductsthatmatchconsumer’swants,retailerscreateplace,time,andpossessionutilities.

通过提供能满足消费者对产品花色品种的需要，零售商创造了地区效用、时间效用和财产效用。

1)Byprovidingassortmentsofproductsthatmatchconsumer’swants

通过提供能满足消费者对产品花色品种的需要(通过提供与消费者愿望相称的产品的花色品种)matchvt.和……相配，和……相称

2)Retailercreateplace,timeandpossessionutilities

零售商创造了地区效用、时间效用和财产效用

4.Franchiseisalicensetooperateanindividuallyownedbusinessasthoughitwerepartofachainofoutletsorstores.

特许经营权是个人经营一笔生意的许可证，好像这笔生意是某个连锁店经营的一部分。

1)alicensetooperateanindividuallyownedbusiness(划线部分不定式作后置定语)

个人经营一笔生意的许可证

2)asthoughitwerepartofachainofoutletsorstores(asthoughitwere…方式状语从句的谓语动词were是虚拟语气形式)

好像这笔生意是某个连锁店经营的一部分4)outletsn.市场，商行，商店，销路

e.g.retailoutlets零售店

achainofoutlet连锁店5.Thebiggestwinnersaregenerallythefranchisers,whogainfastandselectivedistributionofitsproductswithoutincurringthehighcostofconstructingandoperatingitsownoutlets.

特许人通常是最大的赢家，他们迅速而有选择地销售商品而不必承担建立和经营销售处所需的高额成本，从而有更多的可用资本去扩大生产和作广告。

1)franchisern.特许人，授予特许权者

2)franchiseen.特许证持有人，被特许经营者

3)incurv.招致4)withoutincurringthehighcostofconstructingandoperatingitsownoutlets

不要承担建立和经营销售处所需的高额成本5)Who引导非限制性定语从句可译为主句的排比句。6.Thewidespreadacceptanceofthefranchisesystemdemonstratestheadvantagesofcentralized,coordinatedmanagementandmarketingactivities.

人们对特许经营体系的广泛认可证实了集中、协调的管理及营销活动的优越性，然而和所有的经营方式一样，特许经营同样存在风险。

1)Demonstratev.证明，证实

2)centralized集中的

3)coordinated协调的4)marketingactivities营销活动7.Thetermsofagencyareattimessetoutincorrespondencebetweentheparties,butwheredealingsareonalargescale,aformalagreementdraftedbyoneofthepartiesinconsultationwiththeothermaybedesirable.

有时候双方通过信函来确定代理条件，但是，在业务量较大时，较理想的做法是由一方与另一方磋商而后草拟一份正式协议。

1)attimes有时，常常

2)setoutv.陈述，表明，确定

3)incorrespondence以（往来）信函4)dealingsn.生意，买卖

5)onalargescale规模大，业务量大

6)aformalagreement正式协议

7)draftby…由……草拟

8)inconsultationwiththeother由一方和另一方磋商8.Electroniccommerceasatermmeanstradethatismadeinelectronicway,ortheabilitytopurchasegoodsandserviceselectronically,overtheInternet,fromaroundtheworldatanytimeofdayornight.

作为一个术语，电子商务意味着以电子方式进行的贸易，或者是通过国际信息网（环球网）以电子方式任何时候从全球各地购买货物或获得服务的能力。1)thatismadeinelectronicway以电子方式进行的（贸易）（定语从句修饰trade）2)topurchasegoodsandserviceselectronically

以电子的方式购买货物和服务（不定式作定语修饰ability）3)OvertheInternet通过国际信息网（环球网）4)Fromaroundtheworld从全球各地介词短语aroundtheworld作介词from的宾语Ⅲ.KeystoTestYourself（练习答案）1.ComprehensionQuestions:1)Whatisthedistinctionbetweenwholesalingandwholesalers?

Wholesalingisviewedasallexchangeactivitiesamongorganizationsandindividualsexceptfortransactionswithultimateconsumers.Whilewholesalersperformmarketingactivities,suchastransportation,storage,andinformationgatheringthatarenecessarytoexpediteexchanges.Theyprovidemarketingactivitiesfororganizationsaboveandbelowtheminthemarketingchannel.2)Whatfunctionsareperformedbywholesalers?

Thefunctionsperformedbywholesalersincludewholesalingmanagement,planningandnegotiatingsupplies,promoting,warehousingandproducthandling,transportation,inventorycontrolanddataprocessing,financingandbudgeting,managementandmerchandisingassistancetoclients.

3)Whatistheimportanceofretailing?

Retailingisimportanttothenationaleconomy.Retailersformanimportantlinkinthemarketingchannel.Theyperformmanymarketingactivitiesandaddvaluetofinalconsumerproducts.Inaddition,retailersarecustomersforwholesalersandproducersandprovidemanyemploymentopportunities.4)Whatutilitiesdoretailerscreate?5)Whatdospecialtyretailershaveincommon?6)Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweendiscounthousesanddepartmentstores?7)Whatdoesthetypicalfranchiseegainfromthefranchiser?8)Willafranchisenecessarilybesuccessful?Why?9)Whoismainlyaffectedbythedisadvantagesoffranchising?Why?10)Inwhatwaysmayaprincipal-agencyrelationshipterminates?2.TranslatetheFollowingEconomicTermsintoEnglish:1)最终消费者(用户) ultimateconsumer2)增值价值

valueadded3)批发商

merchantwholesaler4)产品花色品种

productassortment5)地方效用

placeutility6)邮售

mail-orderselling3.ReadtheFollowingPassageandFillintheBlankswithAppropriateWords:

…Franchising,inbrief,isasystemofbusinessbasedonalegalarrangementinwhichonparty–the

--agreeswiththefranchise

toproduceandmarkettheirgoodsandservicesonalocalandregional

.Thefranchiseownerprovides

systemssuchasadvertisingandaccounting.Thesystemhasenabledmanyentrepreneursto

theirdreamofowningtheirownbusinesswherenormallyitwouldhavebeenimpossibleforthemtogoitalone.…franchiseeownersbasisoperatingrealize4.TranslatetheFollowingPassageintoEnglish，thenAnswertheFollowingQuestions:

独立零售商大家记得琳每周约花6镑到马路对面的商店买东西。这些商店往往归小企业所有，常常是独资商。因为店小，所以不能大批进货，因此不能以便宜价格购进。结果小店的价格常比大店高。大多数人和琳一样，只有在购买忘掉采购的物品时，从方便出发才去小店购物。

IndependentRetailerYouwillrememberthatLynnespentabout￡6aweekbuyingitemsfromtheshopacrosstheroad.Theseareusuallyownedbysmallbusinesses,oftensoletraders.Sincetheya