考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(二十)

第页共页考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(二十)考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(二十)Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet。IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK。ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgover____entoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht)。Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly。[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality。[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias。[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice。[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination。27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoZysman.[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontopanies’names。[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize。28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents。[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapeformclass.[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents.[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight。29.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)？[A]Theyaregettingimpatient。[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff。[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated。[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles。30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated。[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism。[C]Thecaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo。[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias。名师解析作者用“AAAA汽车”和“Zodiac汽车”来例证什么？[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.某种被无视的不平等。[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.某种显而易见的偏见。[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.某种个人的偏见。[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.某种品牌上的歧视。【答案】A【考点】判断题。【分析^p】此题考察作者的写作意图，即作者用这两个例子试图来证明什么问题。通常人们只有在需要证明某个方面的问题时才会引用例子，那么作者用这两个例子终究是为了说明什么问题呢？其实考生在读完第一段之后就应该比拟清楚作者的意图了，即他正在试图证明按字母排序这一隐蔽的不公平现象。[B]“某种显而易见的偏见”错在“显而易见”。[C]“某种个人的偏见”错在“个人”。[D]“某种品牌上的歧视”是成心在偷换概念，举这两个例子不是为了说明哪一个品牌好，而是为了证明字母顺序的存在与危害。27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?从文章前三段，我们可以推断出什么？[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess。在东方和西方，名字对于成功来说都是至关重要的。[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoZysman.ZoZysman的失败应该归咎于字母表。[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontopanies’names。顾客通常很注重公司的名字。[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize。某种歧视过于微妙以致于难以被人发现。【答案】D【考点】文章构造与举例说明题。【分析^p】考生只有通读作者要求的这三段，才可以得出正确结论。第一段提出“字母顺序”这一说法，第二段举例说明这种现象在生活中的表现，第三段举例说明“字母顺序”在名人身上的表达。在上题中说过，举例都是为了证明某个观点，也就是说，第二和第三段都是为了证明第一段提出的论点。从几个关键的单词、词组“insidious”，“unaware”以及“lesswellknown”我们可以推断出正确选项[D]“某种歧视过于微妙以致于难以被人发现。”。选项[A]显得过于绝对。将某一个人或者某一类人的失败全部归咎于字母是有失偏颇的，文章中只是说，由于名字靠后，有一些学生可能容易被老师无视，从而导致学习的失败，但是这不能说明都是字母的责任，而且这一点已经不在前三段了。选项[C]这一说法也是以偏概全，文中只是说顾客容易受到字母排序的影响从而注意到排名靠前的出租车公司而已。28.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat第四段暗示[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents。更加聪明的学生经常被提问。[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapeformclass。姓氏在字母排序中处于优势的学生经常逃课。[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents。老师应该关注所有的学生。[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight。学生应该按照视力的好坏来排座位。【答案】C【考点】推断题。【分析^p】文章中没有直接给出一个答案，考生必须自己通过透彻的.理解原文才能得出结论。第四段认为“这不是巧合，按字母表顺序排名靠后而吃亏的人在业余时间凭空想出一种理论认为这种倒霉事儿很早就开场了。在幼儿学校第一年之始，老师为了较为容易记住学生的名字，就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。因此近视的小Zysman就被插在了后排，这样一来，粗心的老师提出的有助于进步的问题就很少会问到他。这时，按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。然而，结果可能就是成绩欠佳，因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少，同时当众讲话时的信心也缺乏”。至此，作者再一次试图论证其论点，即“按照字母排序是隐蔽的不平等”。而且这还导致了学生不