英语动词时态专讲

动词时态专讲一、各种时态的构成时态构成时态构成一般现在时do/doesam/is/are一般过去时didwas/were现在进行时am/is/are+doing过去进行时was/were+doing现在完成时have/has+done过去完成时had+done一般将来时shall/will+doam/is/aregoing+todo过去将来时would+dowas/weregoing+todo二、各种时态的用法♦♦一般现在时：1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作；2、用在客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或格言警句中。常与表示频度的时间状语连用；3.由when，assoonas，until，before，after引导的时间状语从句或由if,unless，aslongas，once引导的条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。时间状语：everyday,everyotherday，sometimes，often，usually，onSunday…I(leave)homeforschoolat7(每天早晨).Theearth(go)thesun.3、ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海中国的东方。4、Myteachertoldusthatlight(travel)fasterthansound.5、Didn'tyoufathertellyouthatthesun(be)muchlargerthanthemoon?6、I'llhelpyouassoonasI(到达)Beijingtomorrow.7、Iwon'tleaveunlessyou(tell)meeverything.跟踪练习：1.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,?,hedoes.A.doeshe...NoB.doeshe...YesC.doesn'the...NoD.doesn'the...YesMr.BlackoftenfishingonSundays,he?A.goes.doesn'tB.goes.isn'tC.doesn'tgo.doesD.doesn'tgo.ishe___himselfthere?No,Idon'tthinkso.A.Do.enjoyB.Does.enjoiesC..Does.enjoy___yourteacher__fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do.hearB.Does.hearC.Do.receiveD.receiveyourmothersomecleaningonSundaysA.Does.doesB.Do.doesC.Does.doD.Do.do一般过去时：1.表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1981等。Whereyoujustnow?刚才你去哪儿了？用于虚拟语气（非真实的过去）。IfI（知道）thetruth,Iwouldtellyounow.IfI（是）abird,Iwouldflyinthesky.辨析usedto/beusedtoScarfusedawalkaftersupper.斯卡夫过去在晚饭后常常散步。Scarfisusedtoawalkaftersupper.斯卡夫现在习惯于在晚饭后散步。♦♦现在进行时：表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。在句中往往有now等时间状语或是像Look!/Listen!等提示词语,有的则是通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行；表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。1、Weare（等）yououtsidetheclassroomnow.2、Look!Theman（放）akiteatthesquare.3、Themusicsoundsveryfamiliar.Who（弹）thepianoupstairs?4、Thestudents（prepar）fortheexamination.学生们正在作考试。5、Mr.Green（write）anothernovelthesedays.表示位置移动的词用现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive,come,leave,die等。例如:They（go）toHongKongtomorrow.他们明天要去香港。♦♦过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,这一特定的时间或时刻除了上下文暗示之外,还有时间状语如atthattime/moment,atthistimeyesterday或when/while等引导的状语从句表示。（你正在做什么）atnineo'clockyesterdayevening?Itwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站的时候，天正下着雨。WhileI（play）onthecomputer,heknockedatthedoor.♦♦现在完成时过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。already，yet，just，never，before,sofar，inthelast/pastfewdays，for+时间段/since+过去的时间点,eversince/sincethen/eversincethen等。Greatchanges（takeplace）inmyhometowninthelast/pastfewyears,的用法。

3.Itis段时间since+从句（一般过去时）4.关于瞬间动词：在现在完成时态中，终止性动词或非延续性动词，与一段时间连用时，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词，有的可变为been+相应的介词/形容词。常见的有：borrowfbuyfbecomefmarryffinishfdiefbegin/startffallasleepfleavefopenfclosefjoinfcomef练习：1、He(come)Beijingsincelastyear.2、He(join)thearmyforthreeyears.3、Itisthreeyearssincehe(join)thearmy.4、I(buy)thebikeforayear.5、I(see)thisfilmyesterday.6、Ialready(see)thisfilm.6、Tom(wtite)alettertohisparentslastnight.7、Tom(write)alettertohisparentssincetwoweeks..♦♦过去完成时：1.一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生（即表示“过去的过去”），那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时.常用的时间状语有：bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,before2012,bythetime等；2.用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。Bytheendoflastterm,he(learn)Englishforfouryears.Shesaid(that)sheneverbeentoParis.她说她从来没去过巴黎。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves(run)away.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm(已经开始)forfiveminutes.♦♦一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。其构成形式为“will/shall+动词原形”或“am/is/aregoingto+动词原形”。与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow,nextweek,infivedays等。跟踪练习：（跟踪练习：（）1.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlieherenextmonth.A.isn'tworkingB.doesn'tworkingC.isn'tgoingtoworkingD.won'twork()3.Heverybusythisweek,hefreenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.Thereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.一youfreetomorrow?一No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()6.Mothermeanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give♦♦过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其构成形式为“would+动词原形”或“was/weregoingto+动词原形"。与过去将来时态连用的时间状语有：thenextday/year，thefollowingweek/month等。具体运用时，多用于宾语从句或间接引语中。Hetoldmethathe(visit)meifpossible.他说要是可能的话他会来.JimaskedLucyifshe(buy)thenewbook.吉姆问露西她是否将要买这本新书。自我检测：I.根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。Itisafineday.Thesun(shine)brightly.They(visit)theScienceMuseumnextSunday.Mr.Brown(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.Mr.Wang(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.TheSmiths(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.We(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.Fathersaidthathe(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.Billisn'there.He(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.Theteachersaidthatthemoon(go)roundtheearth.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit(notrain)thisSunday.Listen!They(talk)aboutthenewfilm.Jimaskeduswhat(happen)inChinain1976.Thehost(interview)thelittleboyjustnow.Hesaidthathe(ring)meupwhenhegotthere.We(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.Thefarmers(pick)appleswhenIsawthem.Thefilm(begin)whenIgottothecinema.ThegirltoldmethatshewantedtobeanEnglishteacherwhenshe(grow)up.Mr.Green(travel)toseveralplacesinSouthChinasincehecamehere.I'llgohomeassoonasI(finish)myhomework.II.根据句意，选择填空。21.TellLilytocallmeassoonasshe.A.willarriveB.getsthereC.hasgoneD.reachhere22.—Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What'sthematter?—Iwelllastnight.A.didn'tsleepB.don'tsleepC.haven'tsleptD.won'tsleep—Excuseme,lookatthesignoverthere,please.Couldyoustopsmoking?—Sorry,Ithat.A.didn'tseeB.don'tseeC.won'tseeD.can'tsee—Well,Ifoundthis.Ithinkitmustbeyours.—Mywatch!Thankyou.Whereit?A.doyoufindB.hadyoufoundC.wereyoufindingD.didyoufind—DoyouknowwhenDr.Whitefordinnerthisevening?—No,butIthinkhewhenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome26.Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itrain.Let'shurry.A.maybeB.wouldC.hasD.isgoingto27.TheOrientalPearlTVTowerthousandsofvisitorssince1995.A.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract28.—Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.—Really?Wherehe?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.does;go29.—Shallwegoshoppingnow?—Sorry,Ican't.Imyshirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing30.Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,Iamsorry.Idinneratmyfriend'shome.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad31.—youyoure-mailstoday?—Notyet.There'ssomethingwrongwithmycomputer.A.Have;checkedB.Did;checkC.Do;checkD.Are;checking—HowdoyoulikeBeijing,Mr.Black?—Oh,Isuchabeautifulcitybefore.A.don'tvisitB.didn'tvisitC.haven'tvisitedD.hadn'tvisited—Tom,mayIborrowyourbookChickenSoup?—Sorry,IittoMary.A.lentB.havelentC.hadlentD.lend—Mum,mayIgoouttoplayfootball?—youyourhomeworkyet?A.Have;finishedB.Do;finishedC.Are;finishingD.Did;finish35.—Thetrainisleavingrightnow,butDavidhasn'tarrivedyet.—Well,hesaidhehereontime.A.cameB.willbeC.wouldcomeD.canbe36.—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemayesterday?—BecauseIthefilmbefore.A.hadseenB.haveseenC.havewatchedD.haswatched37.Mr.Green