历年GMAT考试逻辑推理题参考练习

历年GMAT考试逻辑推理题参考练习25Minutes16QuestionsThelocalboardofeducationfoundthat,becausethecurrentphysicscurriculumhaslittledirectrelevancetotoday’sworld,physicsclassesattractedfewhighschoolstudents.Sotoattractstudentstophysicsclasses,theboardproposedacurriculumthatemphasizesprinciplesofphysicsinvolvedinproducingandanalyzingvisualimages.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestreasontoexpectthattheproposedcurriculumwillbesuccessfulinattractingstudents?Severalofthefundamentalprinciplesofphysicsareinvolvedinproducingandanalyzingvisualimages.Equipmentthatalargeproducerofphotographicequipmenthasdonatedtothehighschoolcouldbeusedintheproposedcurriculum.Thenumberofstudentsinterestedinphysicstodayismuchlowerthanthenumberofstudentsinterestedinphysics50yearsago.(E)Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostsignificantlystrengthenstheconclusionabove?Physicalfitnessprogramsareoftenthemostpopularservicesofferedtoemployees.Studieshaveshownthattraininginstressmanagementisnoteffectiveformanypeople.Regularexercisereducespeople’sriskofheartdiseaseandprovidesthemwithincreasedenergy.Physicalinjuriessometimesresultfromenteringastrenuousphysicalfitnessprogramtooquickly.(C)Unlikethewholesalepriceofrawwool,thewholesalepriceofrawcottonhasfallenconsiderablyinthelastyear.Thus,althoughtheretailpriceofcottonclothingatretailclothingstoreshasnotyetfallen,itwillinevitablyfall.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?Thecostofprocessingrawcottonforclothhasincreasedduringthelastyear.Thewholesalepriceofrawwoolistypicallyhigherthanthatofthesamevolumeofrawcotton.Theoperatingcostsoftheaverageretailclothingstorehaveremainedconstantduringthelastyear.Changesinretailpricesalwayslagbehindchangesinwholesaleprices.(A)Thecostofharvestingrawcottonhasincreasedinthelastyear.Small-businessgroupsarelobbyingtodefeatproposedfederallegislationthatwouldsubstantiallyraisethefederalminimumwage.Thisoppositionissurprisingsincethelegislationtheyopposewould,forthefirsttime,exemptallsmallbusinessesfrompayinganyminimumwage.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestexplaintheoppositionofsmall-businessgroupstotheproposedlegislation?Underthecurrentfederalminimum-wagelaw,mostsmallbusinessesarerequiredtopaynolessthantheminimumwagetotheiremployees.Somestateshavesettheirownminimumwages—insomecases,quiteabitabovetheleveloftheminimumwagemandatedbycurrentfederallaw—forcertainkeyindustries.(B)Whichofthefollowingpointstothemostseriouslogicalflawinthereviewer’sargument?Thepaintingschosenbythebook’sauthorforanalysiscouldbethosethatmostsupportthebook’sthesis.Therecouldbecriteriaotherthanthetechnicalskilloftheartistbywhichtoevaluateapainting.Thetitleofthebookcouldcausereaderstoacceptthebook’sthesisevenbeforetheyreadtheanalysisofthepaintingsthatsupportsit.TheparticularmethodscurrentlyusedbyEuropeanpainterscouldrequirelessartisticskillthandomethodsusedbypaintersinotherpartsoftheworld.(A)Areaderwhowasnotfamiliarwiththelanguageofartcriticismmightnotbeconvincedbythebook’sanalysisofthe100paintings.Thepharmaceuticalindustryarguesthatbecausenewdrugswillnotbedevelopedunlessheavydevelopmentcostscanberecoupedinlatersales,thecurrent20yearsofprotectionprovidedbypatentsshouldbeextendedinthecaseofnewlydevelopeddrugs.However,inotherindustriesnew-productdevelopmentcontinuesdespitehighdevelopmentcosts,afactthatindicatesthattheextensionisunnecessary.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportsthepharmaceuticalindustry’sargumentagainstthechallengemadeabove?Noindustriesotherthanthepharmaceuticalindustryhaveaskedforanextensionofthe20-yearlimitonpatentprotection.Thereareseveralindustriesinwhichtheratioofresearchanddevelopmentcoststorevenuesishigherthanitisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Questions7-8arebasedonthefollowing.Theeconomist’sargumentmakeswhichofthefollowingassumptions?Bankfailuresarecausedwhenbigborrowersdefaultonloanrepayments.Asignificantproportionofdepositorsmaintainaccountsatseveraldifferentbanks.Themoreadepositorhastodeposit,themorecarefulheorshetendstobeinselectingabank.Thedifferenceintheinterestratespaidtodepositorsbydifferentbanksisnotasignificantfactorinbankfailures.(E)Potentialdepositorsareabletodeterminewhichbanksaresecureagainstfailure.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheeconomist’sargument?Beforethegovernmentstartedtoinsuredepositorsagainstbankfailure,therewasalowerrateofbankfailurethanthereisnow.Whenthegovernmentdidnotinsuredeposits,frequentbankfailuresoccurredasaresultofdepositors’fearsoflosingmoneyinbankfailures.Surveysshowthatasignificantproportionofdepositorsareawarethattheirdepositsareinsuredbythegovernment.Thereisanupperlimitontheamountofanindividual’sdepositthatthegovernmentwillinsure,butveryfewindividuals’depositsexceedthislimit.(B)Thesecurityofabankagainstfailuredependsonthepercentageofitsassetsthatareloanedoutandalsoonhowmuchriskitsloansinvolve.Testevacuationsshowedthatputtingonthesmokehoodsaddedconsiderablytotheoveralltimeittookpassengerstoleavethecabin.Someairlinesareunwillingtobuythesmokehoodsbecausetheyconsiderthemtobeprohibitivelyexpensive.Althoughthesmokehoodsprotectpassengersfromthetoxicgases,theycandonothingtopreventthegasesfromigniting.In1960,10percentofeverydollarpaidinautomobileinsurancepremiumswenttopaycostsarisingfrominjuriesincurredincaraccidents.In1990,50percentofeverydollarpaidinautomobileinsurancepremiumswenttowardsuchcosts,despitethefactthatcarsweremuchsaferin1990thanin1960.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestexplainsthediscrepancyoutlinedabove?Therewerefeweraccidentsin1990thanin1960.Onaverage,peopledrovemoreslowlyin1990thanin1960.Carsgrewincreasinglymoreexpensivetorepairovertheperiodinquestion.Thepriceofinsuranceincreasedmorerapidlythantherateofinflationbetween1960and1990.(E)Health-carecostsrosesharplybetween1960and1990.Caterpillarsofallspeciesproduceanidenticalhormonecalled“juvenilehormone”thatmaintainsfeedingbehavior.Onlywhenacaterpillarhasgrowntotherightsizeforpupationtotakeplacedoesaspecialenzymehalttheproductionofjuvenilehormone.Thisenzymecanbesynthesizedandwill,onbeingingestedbyimmaturecaterpillars,killthembystoppingthemfromfeeding.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportstheviewthatitwouldnotbeadvisabletotrytoeradicateagriculturalpeststhatgothroughacaterpillarstagebysprayingcroplandswiththeenzymementionedabove?Mostspeciesofcaterpillararesubjecttosomenaturalpredation.Manyagriculturalpestsdonotgothroughacaterpillarstage.Manyagriculturallybeneficialinsectsgothroughacaterpillarstage.Sincecaterpillarsofdifferentspeciesemergeatdifferenttimes,severalsprayingswouldbenecessary.(C)Althoughtheenzymehasbeensynthesizedinthelaboratory,nolarge-scaleproductionfacilitiesexistasyet.Ifthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingconclusionsismoststronglysupportedbythem?Aspirincanprolongapatient’sillnessbyeliminatingmoderatefeverhelpfulinfightingsomediseases.Aspirininhibitsthegrowthofwhitebloodcells,whicharenecessaryforfightingsomeillnesses.Themorewhitebloodcellsapatient’sbodyproduces,thelessseverethepatient’sillnesswillbe.(B)Thefocusofmodernmedicineisoninhibitingthegrowthofdisease-causingbacteriawithinthebody.Becausepostageratesarerising,HomeDecoratormagazineplanstomaximizeitsprofitsbyreducingbyonehalfthenumberofissuesitpublisheseachyear.Thequalityofarticles,thenumberofarticlespublishedperyear,andthesubscriptionpricewillnotchange.Marketresearchshowsthatneithersubscribersnoradvertiserswillbelostifthemagazine’splanisinstituted.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestevidencethatthemagazine’sprofitsarelikelytodeclineiftheplanisinstituted?Withthenewpostagerates,atypicalissueundertheproposedplanwouldcostaboutone-thirdmoretomailthanatypicalcurrentissuewould.Themajorityofthemagazine’ssubscribersarelessconcernedaboutapossiblereductioninthequantityofthemagazine’sarticlesthanaboutapossiblelossofthecurrenthighqualityofitsarticles.Manyofthemagazine’slong-timesubscriberswouldcontinuetheirsubscriptionsevenifthesubscriptionpricewereincreased.Mostoftheadvertisersthatpurchaseadvertisingspaceinthemagazinewillcontinuetospendthesameamountonadvertisingperissueastheyhaveinthepast.(D)Productioncostsforthemagazineareexpectedtoremainstable.Astudyofmaritalrelationshipsinwhichonepartner’ssleepingandwakingcyclesdifferfromthoseoftheotherpartnerrevealsthatsuchcouplessharefeweractivitieswitheachotherandhavemoreviolentargumentsthandocouplesinarelationshipinwhichbothpartnersfollowthesamesleepingandwakingpatterns.Thus,mismatchedsleepingandwakingcyclescanseriouslyjeopardizeamarriage.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?Marriedcouplesinwhichbothspousesfollowthesamesleepingandwakingpatternsalsooccasionallyhaveargumentsthancanjeopardizethecouple’smarriage.Thesleepingandwakingcyclesofindividualstendtovaryfromseasontoseason.Theindividualswhohavesleepingandwakingcyclesthatdiffersignificantlyfromthoseoftheirspousestendtoarguelittlewithcolleaguesatwork.Peopleinunhappymarriageshavebeenfoundtoexpresshostilitybyadoptingadifferentsleepingandwakingcyclefromthatoftheirspouses.(D)According