2018学年中考英语复习-动词不定式 (一)

TheInfinitive(Ⅰ)

Definition

Form

Usage

Exercises

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。肯定式：to+

动词原形否定式：notto+

动词原形(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的用法

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。功能：

作主语

todo作主语，常放句尾，用it作形式主语1.Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)+todosth.It’sgoodtoseeyou.

Toseeistobelieve.Itiskindofyoutosaythat.2.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It’sdifficultforyoutolearnmathswell.Exercises跳舞非常有趣。种些植物是非常有必要的。说英语对我来说并不容易。听到你的声音真高兴。Todanceisalotoffun.Itisalotoffuntodance.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.作表语Toseeistobelieve.Hiswishistobeadoctor.Exercise我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.作宾语

(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.wanttodohopetodowishtodoneedtodo learntodo agreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodofailtodomanagetodooffertodopromisetodoasktodochoosetodobegintodostarttodo trytodoforgettodoremembertodo liketodostoptodo goontodowouldliketodoExercise他想借用我的录音机。他们开始读和写。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。你长大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）1．有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remembertodo

记住要做某事；rememberdoing

记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事

forgetdoing

忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo

停下来去做某事

stopdoing

停止做某事goontodo

继续做另一件事

goondoing

继续做原来在做的事Irememberseeingyousomewherebefore.

我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.

离开时请记得关好灯。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）2．不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：

Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.

他发现很难入睡。作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheasked

me

tohelpher.Theteachertold

him

tocomeontime.Edison’smothertaught

him

toreadandwrite.

asksb.todotellsb.todoteachsb.todoallowsb.todo

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

getsb.todo ordersb.todo

findsb.tobe likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todo helpsb.(to)do他要求我再大声点儿。Lucy告诉他不要哭。吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。他让我再做一次。Sheaskedmetospeaklouder.Lucytoldhimnot

tocry.JimtoldLiMingtogivehisbestwishestoeverybody.Heletmedoitagain.注意A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）

see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.但变为被动语态时要加to.Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theywereheard

to

singapopsong.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.注意

B.

动词不定式的否定式只须在to

前加

not.不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.

Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.Mymotherletmenotdoitbymyself.注意C.带疑问词的动词不定式在to

前加疑问词。不定式与疑问词连用,常用动词有:askknowlearnteachtellunderstand等。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?构成形式作用例句who

whatwhichhow等＋todowherewhen主语Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.表语Thequestioniswheretogo.宾语Idon’tknowhowtodoit.宾补Nobodytolduswhattodo.注意D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel

感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。

Isawhim

comedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)

Isawhim

coming

downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）1______ishelpfultorememberthesethings.a.This b.That c.It d.There2Itisimportantforus______well.a.study b.tostudy c.studied d.studying3Itisnoteasy_________.a.tospeakgoodEnglishb.speakgoodEnglish c.tospeakwellEnglish d.speakEnglishwell4Itis_______tohaveChristmaspartieswithourfriends.a.funny b.interest c.fan d.fun5________funitistoswiminthesea!a.Whata b.How c.What d.Howacbadc6Autumnletsthecountryside_________verydifferent.a.looks b.tolook c.looking d.look7Theoldpictureshaveme_______thesaddays.a.tothinkabout b.tothinkofc.thinkabout d.thinkof8Paulneednotbemade________.healwaysworkshard.

a.learn b.tolearn c.learned d.learning9Inwinter,youcanseesnowflakes________down.a.fall b.fell c.felling d.tofall10Peter

isoftenheard_____inthenextroom.a.cry b.cried c.cryed d.tocryddbad11.Idon'tmean________youbecausewhatIhavesaidreallymeans________youtobegood.A.tohurt;toadviseB.tohurt;advisingC.hurting;toadvise D.hurting;advising12.Thechildrenarelookingforwardto________gifts.A.givingB.giveC.beinggivenD.begiven13.Doyouknow________repairthismachine?A.howtoB.whattoC.wheretoD.iftoBforget,goon,like,regret,remember,stop,tryCbeusedto,devote…to,leadto,turnto,payattentiontoA14.WhowillMrWhitehave_______thisletter?A.typeB.typedC.totypeD.typing15.Isawalittlegirl_______ahammer__________thebox.A.touse;toopenB.use;openC.using;openedD.using;toopenIoftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.have,let,make,see,hear,lookat,listento,watch,feel,observe,notice,feelAD16.Heisbusylookingforaroom________.A.livinginB.toliveinC.toliveD.tobelivedin17.Thebookwrittenbyhimisdifficult________.A.tobeunderstandingB.tobeunderstoodC.understandD.tounderstand18.I'mglad_______achance________yourfactory.A.tohavebeengiven;tovisitB.tohavegiven;tovisitC.togiventovisitD.tobegiving;visitingBDA19.Itwasstupid_______youradvice.A.formenottotakeB.ofmenottakingC.formenottakingD.ofmenottotake20.Thereisnothing_________but_________downandwaitforhim.todo;sitB.todo;sittingC.todo;tositD.tobedone;tosit21.Hisjobis_______thestudents’meetings.A.organizeB.toorganizeC.organizingD.organizedDKind,brave,careful,honest,good,nice,right,stupid,wise,wrongbut,except,besidesABFillintheblankswiththeproperforms：1.Itmakesme_______(feel)worried.2.Hemust______(go)backtotheschool.3.Whydon’tyou______(take)amapwithyou?4.Youhadbetter_______(do)yourhomeworkcarefully.5.It’sbetterforyou_________(do)yourhomeworkcarefully.feelgotakedotodo6.Don’tworry.Hewillagree______(give)themoneytoyou.7.Lucyplans________(go)tocollegeaftergraduation.8.Iwouldlike_______(have)alook.9.Jimfailed_______(pass)theexam.10.Ihope_______(get)thereontime.togivetogotohavetopasstogetChoosetherightanswer:1、Wefeelthetrain_______.(move/tomove)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen________theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_________atonce.(go/nottogo)movetalktoenternottogo5、I’llhelpyou_________thisproblem.(tosolve/solve)Changethesentences：1、Iwishyoutostaywithus.(改成复合句）2、Herstorymadeuslaugh.(改成被动句）(to)solveIwishyouwillstaywithus.Weweremadetolaughbyherstory.3Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.(改被动)Theyweremade_________________thewholenight.4Isawhimdance.(改被动)Hewasseen_________________.5InsummerIoftensee

somestudents.Theyflykites.(合并为一句)InsummerIoftenseesomestudents_________________.toworktodanceflykites6Togotothebeachinsummerisfun.(保持原意)________________fun________gotothebeach.7Towalkintheraininspringisawful.(保持原意)________awful________walkintheraininspring.8Itisnotsafetogooutsideinthisweather.(保持原意)________gooutsideinthisweather________dangerous.9Itisnicetoflykitesinautumn.(划线部分提问)________isit_________flykitesinautumn?ItistoIt’stoToisHowtoMrWhite’sscheduleInthemorning6:00getup6:30havebreakfastathome7:00gotowork8:30attendameeting★10:00haveaninterviewwithMr.White11:00posta