初中英语语法4数词

数词一、本周内容概述表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。二、重点知识归纳及讲解（一）基数词基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。1one11eleven100ahundred2two12twelve20twenty1000athousand3three13thirteen30thirty1，000，000amillion4four14fourteen40forty10，000，000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100，000，000ahundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1，000，000，000abillion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten说明：1．13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。2．20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如：81eighty-one。4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如：691sixhundredandninety-one。5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。如：5893fivethousandeighthundredandninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。7．多位数的读法：1）1000以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是athousandmillion或abillion(十亿)。2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：888，000，000读作：eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion。（二）、基数词的用法1．基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目。在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词(hundred,thousand,million,billion)不能在词尾加-s。例如：twohundredstudents二百个学生fivethousandyears五千年2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目，在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词词尾加-s，要与of短语连用。3．基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。例如：Threeandfiveiseight.3+5=8主语表语Howmanyorangesdoyouwant?你要多少桔子？Iwanteight.我要八个。宾语Thereareeightboatsinthelake.湖里有八条小船。定语（三）序数词表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。请见下表：第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth说明：1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。注意：1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如：第一：(the)first=1st第二：(the)second=2nd第三：(the)third=3rd第五：(the)fifth=5th第九十七：(the)ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一：(the)onehundred(and)first=101st2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。例如：第一课：LessonOne第三十二页：Page32第305房间：Room305第12路公共汽车：BusNo.12五、序数词的用法序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：Thefirstisbiggerthanthesecond.第一个比第二个大。主语Givemethefirst.把第一个给我。宾语She’softenthefirsttogotoschool.她经常第一个去上学。表语We’regoingtolearntheeighthlesson.我们将要学习第八课。定语六、年、月、日和时间的表达法1．年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。例如：1999nineteenninety-nine1.333reads___________.A.threehundredandthirtythreeB.threehundredsandthirty-threeC.threehundredandthirty-threeD.threehundredthirty-three2.The_______monthoftheyearisFebruary.A.oneB.firstC.twoD.second3.Thebeautifulskirtsareonshowintheshop,Janelikes_______.A.theninthB.theninethC.nineD.ninth4.Ittookme_______tofinishmyhomework.A.ahalfandtwohourB.twohourandahalfC.twoandahalfhourD.twoandahalfhours5.Decemberisthe_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelvethC.twelviethD.twelfth6.Tombought______forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes7.Thereare_______secondsinaminute.A.fourtyB.fortyC.sixteenD.sixty8.LinTaogetsupat______inthemorning.A.halfpastsixB.sixpasthalfC.pasthalfsixD.halfsixpast9.December______isChristmas.A.twenty-fiveB.thetwenty-fifthC.thetwentieth-fiveD.twentieth-fifth10.Thereare_____starsintheuniverse.A.millionsB.millionofC.millionsofD.million11.Mondayisthe_______dayoftheweek.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third12.Mr.Blacklefthere_____ago.A.halfahourB.halfanhourC.anhalfhourD.ahalfhours13.Thereare_____studentsintheirschool.A.ninehundredB.ninehundredsC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof14.Thereare_____wordsinthetextofthe_____Lesson.A.hundredof,FifthB.ahundredof,FivethC.hundredsof,FifthD.hundredsof,Fiveth15.Wehadlearnedabout_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.ninehundredsandforty-fiveB.ninehundredsofandforty-fiveC.ninehundredandforty-fiveD.ninehundredandfourty-fiveIV.中考题集：1.About______peopleareinthePeople’sParkatweekends.A.twohundredsB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.hundredof2.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)shouldbe_____higherthandownstream(下游).A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters3.Inourschoolseveral_____studentsareabletosearchtheInternetforusefulinformationnow.A.hundredofB.hundredsforC.hundredD.hundreds4.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.245.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_______.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19226.Lookatthemenu:SNACKSHamburger$2.60Orangejuice$1.20Hotdog$2.15Coffee$1.00Icecream$2.00Cokeregular$0.75Popcorn$1.00large$1.00Jeffwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandicecream.Howmuchwillhepay?A.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Threedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.7.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo_______.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof8.Thefilmstarisgoingtospend______dollarsonanewdressforthecomingparty.A.threethousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.threethousandsof9.Thereare______doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof10.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?________,butI’mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred11.Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen1._______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred2.TheGamesof______Olympiadin2008willbeheldinthecityofBeijing.A.29B.the29C.29thD.the29th3.FanZhiyi’stransfertoDundeeFootballClubattheendoflastyeararoused______Chinesepeople’sinterest.A.thousandofB.thousandC.thousandsofD.thousands4.About______filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds5.Doyouhaveenoughmentocarrythesechairs?No.Ithinkweneed______men.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore6.Canyouwritethenumbereightfivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?Yes,itis_____________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.586267.There’re______studentsinourgrade.A.hundredsofB.threehundredsofC.threehundredsD.threehundreds’8.______oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,_______ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber,firstthirdB.Thenumber,onethirdC.Anumber,halfD.Anumber,threequarters9._______GermanscometovisitChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousand1、写出以下数字的序数词一，二，三，五，九，十二，20，342、写出一—十二月份：3、选择填空：1.Couldyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211?A.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousands,twohundredelevenB.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousand,twohundredandelevenC.eighteenmillions,threehundredsixthousands,twohundredsandelevenD.eighteenthousand,threehundredandsix,twohundredeleven2.Shakespearewasbornin______A.1660sB.1660’sC.the1660sD.the1660’s3.Billsaidtheyweregoingtohave_____holiday。A.atwo-weeks’B.atwo-weekC.twoweeksD.twoweeks4.Over______ofthearticlesoneducationhavebeenpublished。A.twothirdsB.twothirdC.secondsthreeD