重复法篇章翻译原文及参考答案

注：这是连淑能教材P182-183的全文翻译，各班根据摘选部分参考答案。原文并没有分段，此处分段只是为了大家方便。BooksJohnRuskinThegoodbookofthehour,then,—Idon’tspeakofthebadones—issimplytheusefulorpleasanttalkofsomepersonwhomyoucannototherwiseconversewith,printedforyou.Veryusefuloften,tellingyouwhatyouneedtoknow;verypleasantoften,asasensiblefriend’spresenttalkwouldbe.Thesebrightaccountsoftravels;good-humoredandwittydiscussionsofquestion;livelyorpatheticstory—tellingintheformofnovel;firmfact-telling,bytherealagentsconcernedintheeventsofpassinghistory;—allthesebooksofthehour,multiplyingamongusaseducationbecomesmoregeneral,areapeculiarcharacteristicandpossessionofthepresentage:weoughttobeentirelythankfulforthem,andentirelyashamedofourselvesifwemakenogooduseofthem.Butwemaketheworstpossibleuse,ifweallowthemtousurptheplaceoftruebooks:for,strictlyspeaking,theyarenotbooksatall,butmerelylettersornewspapersingoodprint.Ourfriend'slettermaybedelightful,ornecessary,to-day:whetherworthkeepingornot,istobeconsidered.Thenewspapermaybeentirelyproperatbreakfasttime,butassuredlyitisnotreadingforallday.So,thoughboundupinavolume,thelongletterwhichgivesyousopleasantanaccountoftheinns,androads,andweatherlastyearatsuchaplace,orwhichtellsyouthatamusingstory,orgivesyoutherealcircumstancesofsuchandsuchevents,howevervaluableforoccasionalreference,maynotbe,intherealsenseoftheword,a"book"atall,nor,intherealsense,tobe"read".Abookisessentiallynotatalkedthing,butawrittenthing;andwritten,notwiththeviewofmerecommunication,butofpermanence.Thebookoftalkisprintedonlybecauseitsauthorcannotspeaktothousandsofpeopleatonce;ifhecould,hewould—thevolumeismeremultiplicationofhisvoice.YoucannottalktoyourfriendinIndia;ifyoucould,youwould;youwriteinstead:thatismereconveyanceofvoice.Butabookiswritten,nottopreserveit.Theauthorhassomethingtosaywhichheperceivestobetrueanduseful,orhelpfullybeautiful.Sofarasheknows,noonehasyetsaidit;sofarasheknows,nooneelsecansayit.Heisboundtosayit,clearlyandmelodiouslyifhemay;clearly,atallevents.Inthesumofhislifehefindsthistobethething,orgroupofthings,manifesttohim;—thisthepieceoftrueknowledge,orsight,whichhisshareofsunshineandearthhaspermittedhimtoseize.Hewouldfainsetitdownforever;engraveitonrock,ifhecould;saying,“Thisisthebestofme;fortherest,Iate,anddrank,andslept,loved,andhated,likeanother;mylifewasasthevapor,andisnot;butthisIsawandknew:this,ifanythingofmine,isworthyourmemory,”Thatishis“writing”;itis,inhissmallhumanway,andwithwhateverdegreeoftrueinspirationisinhim,hisinscription,orscripture.Thatisa“Book”.（FromSesameandLilies）参考译文1论书籍约翰·拉斯金所谓风行一时的好书（这里且不论及坏书）往往不过是一些供你来观阅的有益或有趣的谈话而已，而发表谈话的人，你除了观阅其书以外，常常无法和他交谈。这些书往往非常有益，因为它会告诉你许多必要的知识；往往非常有趣，正像一位聪明友人的当面谈话那样。比如，种种生动的旅行记叙；轻松愉快而又充满机智的问题讨论；以小说形式讲述的各种悲喜故事；事过境迁，由当事人亲自提供的确凿事实，等等。所有这些风行一时的书，随着文化教育的普及而日益增多，它们是我们这个时代所特有的事物。我们应当对这些书深表感谢，而如果不能善加利用，就应当深感惭愧。但是如果竟让它们侵占了真正书籍的地位，那我们就又完全用非其当了，因为严格地讲，这些很难算是什么书籍，而只不过是印刷精良的书信、报章而已。我们友人的书信在当天也许是有趣的，甚至是必要的，但是有无保存价值，就须考虑了。报纸在吃早饭时拿来读可能是最好不过了，但是若作为全天的读物，便不适合。所以，一封内容关于去年某地的客栈、旅途或天气的有趣记载的长信，或是其中讲了什么好玩的故事或某某事件的真相的其他信件，现在虽然装订成册，而且也颇有临时参考价值，却在严格意义上讲，不能称之为“书籍”，也谈不上真正的“阅读”。书籍就其本质来讲，不是讲话；而是著述；而著述的目的，不仅在于达意，而且在于流传。讲话要印成书册，主要是因为讲话人无法对千千万万的人同时讲话。假设能够的话，他会愿意直接来讲的。书籍只是他音量的扩大罢了。你无法和你在印度的朋友当面谈话（假若能够的话，你也会愿意直接来面谈的）于是你便以写代谈，这也无非是声音的传送而已。但是，书籍的编著却并非仅仅是为了扩充或传送声音，而是为了使它经久。作者由于发现了某些真实而有用的或者美而有益的事物，因而感到有话要说。据他所知，这话还不曾有人说过，也还没人能够说得出来。因此他责无旁贷，非说不可，倘有可能，还要尽量说得清楚明白而又优雅。最起码，说得明白晓畅是应该做到的。总其一生，著书者发现，他对于某件事或某些事物了然于胸，富有见地，而所有这些真知灼见恰恰是他通过在世间的福分机缘和经历感悟所把握的。他极其渴望能将它著于篇章以垂久