被动语态讲解和练习

Passivevoice被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态？

语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态（2）被动语态三、被动语态的构成：(八种时态的被动语态）

结构：be

+动词的过去分词意义：强调主语是动作的承受者

各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表变化：示例Theboy

broke

theglass.Theglass

wasbrokenbytheboy.从主动语态变为被动语态1.主语介词by+宾语2.谓语加be,并变为过去分词3.宾语主语1.They

make

shoesinthefactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthefactory.一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词3.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.一般将来时：主语+willbe+过去分词4.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词5．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词6．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词7．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时

4)was/weredone一般过去时

5)hadbeendone

过去完成时

Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgym

hadbeencompletedinBeijing.

6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时

7)shall/willbedone一般将来时

8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时

被动语态的特殊结构形式

1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.

Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.

主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）Hismothergavehim

apresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentforhisbirthdaybyhismother.

带双宾语的句子有两种改法:一般情况下把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词to,forpass,show,send…此类动词有：buybebought

for如：givebegiven

to此类动词还有：draw，make,cook,1.PleasepassthebooktoLily.ThebookispassedtoLilybyyouplease.Lilyispassedthebook.2.Hegavemeabeautifulpresent.Iwasgivenabeautifulpresentbyhim.Abeautifulpresentwasgiventome.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

感官动词(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(let,makehave等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时,把to加在动词原形之前.Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表go

[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，

doing保持不变。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterSpeaktobespokentoHandinbehandedin汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.It+be+过去分词+that从句Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议，

一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Thatsoundsveryreasonable.

Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.

这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.

这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.

这地板不容易弄干净。三、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。Thenovelisworthreading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwatering.

Childrenwantlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：n.+be+too+adj.+todo…Theplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todo…Thebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todo…Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.Practice:1MustIpayforitatonce?_____it______________atonce?2Wewillbuildanewlab.Anewlab_____________.3Theyaren’tstoppingthetrafficnow.Thetraffic_______________now.4Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?Howlong____thebook________?Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisn’tbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5Ifyourhomework______(do)well,youmaygotoplay.6Mr.Greenwasseen_______(grow)trees.7Theblackboardwas________(look)carefullybythestudents.8Theshipmodel____be____(make)intwodays.isdonetogrowlookedatwillmade课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．arenotkept；willhaveto

B．arenotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted

B.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuilt

B.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuilt

D.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethecloth?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.isfelt

BDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．write

B．towrite

C．tobewritten

D．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．