2021年辽宁省抚顺市中加正枫学校高三英语期末试卷含解析

2021年辽宁省抚顺市中加正枫学校高三英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1._____totheresearchworkinthelabisadistinguishedexpertfromChinawhohaswongreatachievementsinthisfield.A.Committed

B.HavingbeencommittedC.Havingcommitted

D.Beingcommitted参考答案：A【分析】考查完全倒装。句意：在实验室全身心地致力于这项工作的是一位杰出的中国专家，他在这一领域取得了巨大的成就的。【详解】本句可改为AdistinguishedexpertfromChinawhohaswongreatachievementsinthisfield.iscommittedtotheresearchworkinthelab。主语是adistinguishedexpert,后面被一定语从句whohaswongreatachievementsinthisfield修饰,is是系动词，committedtotheresearchworkinthelab是表语。本句为避免头重脚轻，使用了完全倒装。即把表语+系动词+主语。Becommittedtodoingsth为固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事，全身心做某事”。所以C项是错误的。而B项一般作状语，D项表动作正在进行，或做主语时才用。故选A项。2.Thetreatywillnotonlybenefitthetwocountriesandpeoplesbutalso_______worldpeace.

A.leadto

B.contributeto

C.linkto

D.

applyto参考答案：B略3.Nosituationsaremoreannoyingandfrighteningthanbeingtrappedinacarthat______start.A.won’t

B.can’t C.mustn’t

D.shan’t参考答案：A4.Ifwhatyourfriendcomesupwithsurpriseyou,don’trejectitimmediately._____,imaginethatitistrue.A.Thus

B.Besides

C.Rather

D.Otherwise参考答案：C5.Withhightaxesandhissmallincome,Henryhadgreatdifficultyin________bothendsmeet.

A.having B.letting

C.making

D.getting参考答案：C6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,__________usesitdifferently.A.allofwhich

B.eachofwhich

C.allofthem

D.eachofthem参考答案：B考查定语从句

句意：英语是由几个不同的文化共享的一种语言，每种语言使用的方式都不同。如果空格前加and则构成并列句，D正确，逗号后没有and，判断是非限制性定语从句，从句的谓语动词是uses，所以主语应该是单数，故选B。7.Fromfacts,scientistshave

thatmoreenergyisbeingabsorbedfromthesun,throwingtheearth’senergy“outofbalance”.

A．confirmed

B．concluded

C．concentrated

D．centred参考答案：B略8.Johnthinksitwon’tbelong_____heisreadyforhisnewjob.

A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since参考答案：C23.–Shallwegoforadrinkatoneo’clockthisafternoon?

--

.Willtwoo’clockbeOK?

A.Sure,it’suptoyou

B.Sure,noproblem

C.Sorry,Ican’tmakeit

D.Sorry,I’mnotavailabletoday参考答案：A10.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’s________it.A.keepupwith

B.doawaywith

C.getdownto D.lookforwardto参考答案：C【知识点】动词短语解析：A.keepupwith保持B.doawaywith废除，去掉；C.getdownto着手处理D.lookforwardto盼望，期待。句意：我们刚刚搬进大一点的房子，因此有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。11.---Ourteamfinallywontheworldcup.Howmarvelous!

---______westillhavealongwaytogo.A.Ithinkso;

B.Wearethebest;C.AsIseeit,

D.Soyousee,参考答案：C12.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat_______newlypublishedinAmerica．

A．are;were

B．is;were

C．are;was

D．is;was参考答案：24．B考查主谓一致。A+togetherwith+B作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代ReadingSkills，由于ReadingSkills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。

【解析】略13.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt______acureforAIDSwillbefound.

A.which B.that C.what

D.whether参考答案：B解析：此题考查了固定的句型结构。Thereisnodoubtthat的意思为“毫无疑问的”。14.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudents____putonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus. A.shall

B.will

C.need

D.may参考答案：A15.Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutyoursalary,boy.You________getitverysoon.

A.could

B.shall

C.would

D.need参考答案：B略16.._____thereislittlewecandotomodifytheweather,wecanatleastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.

A.While

B.When

C.If

D.Whether参考答案：A略二、完型填空17.Thoseworkingforthepoorandthephysically-challengedmightbeinspiredbya72-year-oldBritishfamouswomandoctorRachelPinniger.Shehasdevoted40yearsto___21___primarydoctorsandtreatingpatientsin___22___areasofBhutan,NepalandTibetofChina.Manypatientstheremadea___23___bymakingtraditionalproducts.Theycould___24___paythoseformedicalfees,butforRachelthatwasenough.In2012Rachel___25___fromcancer.Butwhetheritwouldbecured___26___ornot,shedecidedtohelpthepatients___27___beingpoorandlivebetter.Tofurtherher___28___inChina,Rachel,in2013,___29___herBlueSheepShopinChengdu.“InamedtheshopBlueSheep____30____abluesheepThefirsttimeIwasgoingtoTibet,abeautifulsheepjumpeddownfromahilland____31____meandmyfriendswithitshorns(角).Seeingthis,Ihappily____32____tohim!Itturnedoutthatthesheepwantedustostay.”Shesaid.Theshopoffersawiderangeofhandmadeethnic(民族的)____33____.Althoughsmall,ithas____34____600ormorepoorfamilieslivinginruralareas.Allthegoodsintheshopweremadebythehandsofthosehealthyand____35____.However,otherpeoplethoughtitwasmuchtoo____36____.Thussheneveraskedanybodyelseto____37____moneyinit.“I'mwellawareofthefactthatmymoneymay____38____butI'mhappyto____39____atleast.”saidRachel.Asisalwaysher____40____,“onepersonmaynotchangetheworld,butweallcanchangetheworldforoneperson.”21.A.saving B.watching C.searching D.training22.A.rich B.urban C.undeveloped D.deserted23.A.difference B.living C.wish D.deal24.A.merely B.ever C.never D.seldom25.A.resulted B.suffered C.recovered D.died26.A.completely B.partly C.mainly D.mostly27.A.delay B.consider C.escape D.enjoy28.A.fame B.efforts C.reputation D.benefits29.A.shared B.opened C.closed D.helped30.A.inhopeof B.indefenceof C.inneedof D.inmemoryof31.A.welcomed B.frightened C.greeted D.stopped32.A.pointed B.turned C.chatted D.objected33.A.goods B.groups C.possessions D.gifts34.A.held B.provided C.surprised D.benefited35.A.relaxed B.satisfied C.disabled D.pleased36.A.small B.risky C.meaningless D.strange37.A.find B.borrow C.draw D.put38.A.win B.fail C.increase D.earn39.A.try B.gain C.succeed D.lose40.A.friend B.enemy C.motto D.warning参考答案：21.D

22.C

23.B

24.A

25.B

26.A

27.C

28.B

29.B

30.D

31.D

32.C

33.A

34.D

35.C

36.B

37.D

38.B

39.A

40.C本文为记叙文。主要叙述了为穷人及身体缺陷的人服务的名医生雷切尔·平宁格，以及她对于不发达地区如不丹、尼泊尔和中国西藏等地区的患者进行医疗帮助。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。A.saving节约；B.watching观察；C.searching搜查；D.training训练。此句为“那些为穷人和有身体缺陷的人可能被一位72岁的英国著名女医生雷切尔·平宁格所鼓舞，她花了40年时间来培训初级医生和治疗（training）病人”，故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.rich富有；B.urban城市的；C.undeveloped

不发达的；D.deserted被抛弃的。根据后面的“不丹、尼泊尔和中国西藏”等可知，这是不发达的（undeveloped）地区，故选C。【23题详解】考查固定短语。A.difference不同，区别；B.living生活方式，生计；C.wish希望；D.deal交易。句意：那里的许多病人靠生产传统产品谋生。makealivingby为固定搭配，意为“以…..谋生”，因此选B。【24题详解】考查副词辨析。A.merely仅仅，只是；B.ever曾经；C.never从未；D.seldom罕见。此处是指根据文章可知，文中的雷切尔是为穷人及有身体残疾的人服务的，因此此处是指病人们只是（merely）支付药费，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。A.resulted导致；B.suffered遭受；C.recovered恢复；D.died死。此处是指“2012年，雷切尔患了癌症”。sufferfrom为固定搭配，意为“患（某种病）”，故选B。【26题详解】考查副词辨析。A.completely完全地；B.partly部分地；C.mainly主要地；D.mostly大部分。分析语境可知，此处是指“但不管能否完全治愈，她决定帮助病人摆脱贫困，生活得更好。”分析选项可知A正确。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。A.delay耽搁，延迟；B.consider思考；C.escape逃避；D.enjoy享受。此处是指“雷切尔决定帮助病人摆脱贫困，生活得更好”，故选C。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。A.fame框架；B.efforts努力；C.reputation名声；D.benefits利益，好处。根据下文的语境可知，下文所叙述的是雷切尔在中国所做的努力（efforts），故选B。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。A.shared分享；B.opened打开；C.closed关闭；D.helped帮助。根据语境可知，“2013年，雷切尔在成都开了（opened）一家蓝羊店”。可知，B符合题意，故选B。【30题详解】考查短语辨析。A.inhopeof希望；B.indefenceof抵御；C.inneedof需要；D.inmemoryof记忆。句意：为了纪念（inmemoryof）我第一次去西藏时的一只蓝羊，我给这家商店取名为“蓝羊”。因此可知选D。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。A.welcomed欢迎；B.frightened恐吓；C.greeted打招呼；D.stopped停止。根据下一句“Itturnedoutthatthesheepwantedustostay.”可知，是羊想让我们留下来。因此此处是指“一只漂亮的羊从山上跳下来，用角挡住（stopped）了我和我的朋友”，故选D。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。A.pointed指向；B.turned转变；C.chatted聊天；D.objected反对。此句是指“看到这情形，我高兴地和他‘聊天’（chatted）！”故选C。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。A.goods商品；B.groups

群，组；C.possessions财产，D.gifts礼物。根据第14小题后的“Allthegoodsintheshop”可知，“这家商店提供各种各样的手工民族商品（goods）”，故选A。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。A.held举行；B.provided提供；C.surprised使惊讶；D.benefited有益于，受惠。分析句子可知“虽然规模小，但它已经惠及了600多个农村贫困家庭。”故选A。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。A.relaxed使放松；B.satisfied使满意；C.disabled使残疾；D.pleased使高兴。根据上文可知，雷切尔就是帮助那些穷人及身体残疾的人。因此此处是指“商店里所有的商品都是由那些健康和残疾人士（disabled）手工制作的”，故选C。【36题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.small小的；B.risky冒险的，危险的；C.meaningless无意义的；D.strange奇怪的。根据语境可知，此处是指“然而，其他人认为这太冒险了（risky）”，故选B。【37题详解】考查动词辨析。A.find发现；B.borrow借；C.draw画；D.put放置。根据上句说帮助穷人及残疾人是有风险的，因此“因此，她从未要求任何人投（put）钱进去”故选D。【38题详解】考查动词辨析。A.win赢得；B.fail失败；C.increase增加；D.earn获得。分析后面“butI'mhappyto___19___atleast”可知，此处是指“我很清楚我投的钱可能会失败（fail）”。故选B。【39题详解】考查动词辨析。A.try尝试，尽力；B.gain获得；C.succeed成功；D.lose失去。根据上下文可知，此处是指“我很清楚我投的钱可能会失败，但至少我很愿意尝试（try）”。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。【40题详解】考查名词辨析。A.friend朋友；B.enemy敌人；C.motto座右铭，格言；D.warning提醒。根据下面的一句话，可知这是她一句座右铭（motto），故选C。三、阅读理解18.Howdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work？Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare？Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves？Tofindananswer，scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs，notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels，scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked；whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies，theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies，itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare，theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable，wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s，scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean，wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale，whileonland，wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally，thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey，scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.46.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.47.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace48.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.49.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4？A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.50.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？A.Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.D.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.参考答案：46.B

47.C

48.D

49.A

50.D这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhad,asurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warmingsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。19.Ihaveonlyoncebeenintroublewiththelaw．Thewholeprocessofbeingarrestedandtakentocourtwasaratherunpleasantexperienceatthetime,butitmakesagoodstorynow．Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrary（随意的）circumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequent（随后的）fateincourt．IthappenedinFebruaryabouttwelveyearsago．IhadleftschoolacoupleofmonthsbeforethatandwasnotduetogotouniversityuntilthefollowingOctober．Iwasstilllivingathomeatthetime．OnemorningIwasinRichmond,asuburbofLondonnearwhereIlived．IwaslookingforatemporaryjobsothatIcouldsaveupsomemoneytogotraveling．AsitwasafinedayandIwasinnohurry,Iwastakingmytime,lookinginshopwindows,strollinginthepark,andsometimesjuststoppingandlookingaroundme．Itmusthavebeenthisobviousainilessnessthatledtomydownfall．Itwasabouthalfpastelevenwhenithappened．Iwasjustwalkingoutofthelocallibrary,havingunsuccessfullysoughtemploymentthere,whenIsawamanwalkingacrosstheroadwiththeobviousintentionoftalkingtome．Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskmethetime．Instead,hesaidhewasapoliceofficerandhewasarrestingme．AtfirstIthoughtitwassomekindofjoke．Butthenanotherpolicemanappeared,thistimeinuniform,andIwasleftinnodoubt．'Butwhatfor?"Iasked．‘Wanderingwithintenttocommitanarrestableoffence,'hesaid．‘Whatoffence?'Iasked．'Theft,'hesaid．'Theftofwhat?'Iasked．'Milkbottles,'hesaid,andwithaperfectlystraightfacetoo!'Oh,'Isaid．Itturnedouttherehadbeenalotofpettytheftsinthearea,particularlythatofstealingmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps．ThenImademybigmistake．AtthetimeIwasnineteen,hadlonguntidyhair,andregardedmyselfaspanofthesixties''youthcounterculture'．Asaresult,Iwantedtoappearcoolandunconcernedwiththeincident,soIsaid,'Howlonghaveyoubeenfollowingme?

inthemostcasualandconversationaltoneIcouldmanage．Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation,anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputable（品行不端的）character． Afewminuteslaterapolicecararrived． 'Getintheback,'theysaid．'Putyourhandsonthebackofthefrontseatanddon'tmovethem．' Theygotinoneithersideofme．Itwasn'tfunnyanymore． Atthepolicestationtheyquestionedmeforseveralhours．Icontinuedtotrytolookworldlyandfamiliarwiththesituation．WhentheyaskedmewhatIhadbeendoing,ItoldthemI'dbeenlookingforajob．'Aha,'Icouldseethemthinking,'unemployed'．Eventually,IwasofficiallychargedandtoldtoreporttoRichmondMagistrates'CourtthefollowingMonday．Thentheyletmego．Iwantedtoconductmyowndefenseincourt,butassoonasmyfatherfoundoutwhathadhappened,hehiredaverygoodsolicitor（律师）．WewentalongthatMondayarmedwithallkindsofwitnesses,includingmyEnglishteacherfromschoolasacharacterwitness．Buthewasnevercalledontogiveevidence．My'trial'didn'tgetthatfar．Themagistrate（法官）dismissedthecaseafterfifteenminutes．1wasfree．Thepoorpolicehadneverstoodachance．Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice．AndsoIdonothaveacriminalrecord．Butwhatwasmostshockingatthetimewasthethingsmyreleasefromthechargesoclearlydependedon．Ihadthe'right'accent,respectablemiddle-classparentsincourt,reliablewitnesses,andIcouldobviouslyaffordaverygoodsolicitor．Giventheobscurenatureofthecharge．IfeelsurethatifIhadcomefromadifferentbackground,andhadreallybeenunemployed,thereiseverychancethatIwouldhavebeenfoundguilty．Whileaskingforcoststobeawarded,mysolicitor'scasequiteobviouslyrevolved（回转）aroundthefactthatIhada'brilliantacademicrecord'．Meanw