《计算机专业英语》期末复习题

《计算机专业英语》2010-2011远成秋季学期期末复习题请认真完成省略的翻译部分专业词汇1.即插即用plugandplay2.同步设备synchronousdevice3.阴极射线管cathoderaytube4.喷墨式打印机5.键盘keyboardink-jetprinter6.只读存储器ROM7.电子邮件E-Mail8.先来先服务原则first-comefirst-servedrule9.互联网Internet10.多媒体multimedia11.芯片chip12.微电子技术microelectronictechnique13.集线器hub14.单指令流singleinstructionstream15.紧密耦合多处理器tightlycoupledmultiprocessing16.程序program17.互连机制interconnectionmechanism18.人工智能artificialintelligence19.防火墙firewall20.协议protocol21.操作系统operatingsystem22.网络计算机networkcomputer23.专家系统expertsystem24.调制解调器modem25.工作站workstation26.Erasableopticaldisk可擦除光盘27.Dynamicpositive-logicsystem动态正逻辑系统28.unidirectionalshiftregister单向移位寄存器29.nonvolatilememory非易失性存储器30.processor处理机31.document文档32.E-mail电子邮件33.softwaremaintenance软件维护34.instruction指令35.FTP文件传输协议36.arithmeticexpression算术表达式37.graphicaluserinterface图形用户接口38.throughput吞吐量

39.disk硬盘40.storeandforward存储转发41.virtualfunction虚拟函数42.pointer指针43.logiccomplementation逻辑补44.TCP/IP传输控制协议/互联网协议45.DNS域名服务46.HTTP超文本传输协议47.varylargescaleintegrationcircuit超大规模集成电路48.URL统一资源定位器49.4×6=24fourmultipliedbysixistwenty-four(fourtimessixis/aretwenty-four)选择填空1.Onemegabyteequalsapproximately(1,000,000bytes)2.Acomputersystemhasinput,output,(storage)andprocessingcomponents.howdataarerepresentedinsideacomputersysteminelectronicstatescalled(bits)3.4.Whenpowerisremoved,informationinthesemiconductormemoryis(lost)5.Whichismagneticsecondarystoragedevices?(tape)Tofacilitateanevenfastertransferofinstructionsanddatatotheprocessor,mostcomputersaredesignedwith(Cachememory)6.7.Aprocessoriscomposedoftwofunctionalunites,theyare(acontrolunitandanarithmetic/logicunit)8.Acomputerhavingthehardwareandsoftwarenecessaryforittobeconnectedtoanetwork.Thesentencedescribes(NetworkComputer)9.Ingeneral,instructionconsistsof(operationsandoperands)Withoptimallaserdisktechnology,theread/writeheadusedinmagneticstorageisreplacedby(two)lasers10.11.Processorsinmultiprocessorsystemcancommunicatewitheachotherthroughmemorymeansthat(commonmainmemoryexistinthisorganization).Hetoldmeall(Asaresult),hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths.12.13.Computermemorycanbemeasuredexactly,itscapabilityislimitedbythemaximumnumberof(directlyaddressablecells).14.TheObject-orientedsoftwaredevelopmentmethodisdesignedtoenhancereliabilityand(robustness)ofsoftware.句子翻译1.微型计算机，亦被称为个人计算机，是可以放在桌面上的小的计算机Microcomputers,alsoknownaspersonalcomputers,...................................2.应用软件是。让用户能够完成特定任务的专门程序。ApplicationsoftwareisaspecializedprogramsthatenablestheusertoaccomplishspecificTasks.3.你知道第一台电子计算机是什么时候发明的吗？....................................

4.输出设备将机器可读的信息转换为人类可读的形式。Outputdevicesconvert...................................5.程序是告诉计算机如何将数据处理成你想要的形式的指令。Programsaretheinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtoprocessdataintotheformyouwant.6.Mostsmallcomputerscansupportonlyasingleuser,somecansupportasmanyastwoorthreeatatime.(3points)大多数小型计算机只能支持单个用户，...................................段落翻译(1)Videocompressionisacollectionoftechniquesusedtoshrinkvideofiles.Embodiedbyproductscalledcodecs(compression/decompression),thesemethodsfallintotwogeneralcategories:interframeandintraframecompression.Interframecompressionusesasystemofkeyanddeltaframestoeliminateredundantinformationbetweenframes.Keyframesstoreanentireframe,whiledelta,or“difference”,framesrecordonlytheinterframechanges.Duringdecompression,theCPUbuildsframesfromthekeyframesandaccumulateddeltas.Intraframecompressionisperformedentirelywithinindividualframes.Duringintraframecompression,codesuseavarietyoftechniquestoconvertpixelstomorecompactmathematicalformulas.Thesimplesttechniqueiscalledrunlengthencoding(RLE),inwhichrowsofadjacentidenticalpixelsaregroupedtogether.视频图像压缩是一组用来缩小视频图像文件大小的技术.由被称为Codecs(压缩/解压):帧间压缩和帧内压缩.关键帧时,CPU从关键帧和.在帧内压缩时,Codecs使用成更紧凑的数学公式.最简单的技术称作行程长度编码(RLE).按这种编码法,各行中相邻产品所体现的这些方法分为两大类.帧间压缩利用关键帧和§帧方法来消除帧之间的冗余信息存储一幅完整的帧,而§帧或”差异”帧,仅记录帧间变化.解压累加的§帧来构造各个帧.帧内压缩是完全在个别的帧内进行的各种技术把像素转换的相同像素串归在一起.2.Datacommunicationssystemsaretheelectronicsystemsthattransmitdataovercommunicationslinesfromonelocationtoanother.Youmightusedatacommunicationsthroughyourmicrocomputertosendinformationtoafriendusinganothercomputer.Youmightworkforanorganizationwhosecomputersystemisspreadthroughoutabuilding,oreventhroughoutthecountryorworld.Thatis,alltheparts-inputandoutputunits,processor,andstoragedevices-areindifferentplacesandlinkedbycommunications.……你有可能在为一家公司工作，其计算机系统遍布一座大楼，或者甚至是全国乃至世界。也就是说，所有的部分－－输入和输出单元、处理器和存储设备－－都在不同的地方，是通过通信连接起来的。3.TheWebcanbeanincredibleresourceprovidinginformationonnearlyanytopicimaginable.Areyouplanningatrip?WritinganEconomicspaper?Lookingforamoviereview?Tryingtolocatealong-lostfriend?Informationsourcesrelatedtothesequestions,andmuch,muchmoreareavailableontheWeb.SearchenginesarespecializedprogramsthatassistyouinlocatinginformationontheWebandtheInternet.Tofindinformation,yougotothesearchservice'sWebsiteandusetheir

searchengine.Yahoo’ssearchengine,likemostothers,providestwodifferentsearchapproaches.网络拥有令人难以置信的雄厚资源，只要你能想到的主题，它都可以给你提供相关的信息。你想要旅行吗？或是写一篇经济论文？或是查找影讯？……4.Memoryisalsoknownasprimarystorage,internalstorage,ittemporarilyholdsdata,programinstructions,andinformation.Oneofthemostimportantfactstoknowaboutmemoryisthatpartofitscontentisheldonlytemporarily.Inotherwords,itisstoredonlyaslongasthecomputeristurnedon.Whenyouturnthemachineoff,thecontentimmediatelyvanish.Thestoredcontentsinmemoryarevolatileandcanvanishveryquickly.内存也被称为主存储器、内部存储器，它临时地存储数据、程序指令和信息。对于内存需要了解的一个最重要的事实是它所保存的内容只是临时的。换句话说，它只在计算机开着时才保存（数据）。……5.Applicationsoftwaremightbedescribedasend-usersoftware.Applicationsoftwareperformsusefulworkongeneral-purposetaskssuchaswordprocessingandcostestimating.Therearecertaingeneral-purposeprogramsthatarewidelyusedinnearlyallcareerareas.Theyare:wordprocessing,electronicspreadsheets,graphicprogramsandsoon.Wordprocessingsoftwareisusedtocreate,edit,save,andprintdocuments.Documentscanbeanykindoftextmaterial.Withwordprocessing,youviewthewordsyoutypeonamonitorinsteadofonapieceofpaper.Afteryoufinishyourtyping,saveyourwordsondiskettesorharddisk,andprinttheresultsonpaper.Thebeautyofthismethodisthatyoucanmakechangesorcorrectionsbeforeprintingoutthedocument.……应用软件完成有用的通用任务，例如字处理和价格评估。有些是被广泛用：字处理、电子表格和图程像序等。它些共同的特性。字处理软件被用于建立、编辑、保存和打印文档。……于几乎所有行业领域的通用程序。它们是们也被称为基本工具，并且具有一6.Harddisk