2021届佛山市和顺一中高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析VIP

2021届佛山市和顺一中高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIfyouhadtheopportunitytoliveforever,wouldyoutakeit?Keepingyourbodyaliveindefinitelystillseemslikeanimpossibility,butsomescientiststhinkthatdigitaltechnologymayhavetheanswer:creatingadigitalcopyofyour“self”andkeepingit“alive”onlinelongafteryourphysicalbodyhasceasedtofunction.Ineffect,theproposalistocloneapersonelectronically.Unlikethefamiliarphysicalclones—childrenthathaveidenticalfeaturesastheirparents,butthatarecompletelyseparateorganismswithaseparatelife—yourelectronicclonewouldbelieveitselftobeyou.Howmightthisbepossible?Thefirststepwouldbetomapthebrain.How?Oneplanreliesonthedevelopmentofnanotechnology（纳米技术）.RayKurzweil—oneofthekingsofartificialintelligence—predictsthatwithintwoorthreedecadeswewillhavenanotransmittersthatcanbeputintothebloodstream.Inthecapillaries（毛细血管）ofthebrain,theywouldlineupalongsidetheneuronsanddetectthedetailsofthecerebral（大脑的）electronicactivity.Theywouldbeabletosendthatinformationtoareceiverinsideaspecialhelmet,sotherewouldbenoneedforanywiresstickingoutofthehead.Asafurtherstep,RayKurzweilalsoimaginesthenanotransmittersbeingabletoconnectyoutoaworldofvirtualrealityontheInternet,similartowhatwasshowninthefilm“Matrix”.Withthenanotransmittersinplace,bythoughtalone,youcouldlogontotheInternetandinsteadofthepicturescominguponyourscreen,theywouldplayinsideyourmind.Ratherthansendyourfriendse-mailsyouwouldagreetomeetuponsomevirtualtropicalbeach.Somepeoplebelievethattheycanenjoylifeafterdeath.Butwhywaitforthatwhenyoucouldhaveashotofnanobots（纳米机器人）anduploadyourbrainontotheInternetandliveforeverasavirtualsurfer?Onesnag:toexistonthenetyouwillhavetohaveyourneuralnetworkparkedonthecomputerofaweb-hostingcompany.Thesecompanieswantrealmoneyinrealbankaccountseveryyearortheywillwipeyourbitoftheharddiscandsellthespacetosomeoneelse.Withyourbodysixfeetundergroundhowwillyoupay?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Nanotransmitterscanhelpmapthehumanbrain.Electronicclonesrecreatetheoriginalhumanbody.Electronicclonesmayputtheirphysicalselvesintomovies.Nanotransmittersuseahelmettodetectthecerebralactivities.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardselectronicclones?A.Optimisticandcareful. B.Interestedandunconvinced.C.Excitedandconfused. D.Assuredandcritical.Theauthorasks“howwillyoupay?”attheendofthearticle,because .youcan’tpaytoexistontheInternetifyouarephysicallydeadyoucan’tpayforharddiscspaceifyoudon’thaveabankaccountyoucan’tpayforaspecialserviceiftoomanypeoplewanttouseitD.youcan’tpaytheweb-hostingcompanyifyoudon’thaveaneuralnetworkBInJune,2021,agroupofstudentsfromeighthighschoolsinWinnipeg,thecapitalofCanada’sManitobaprovince,willbegintest-launching（试发射）asatellitethesizeofaRubik’scube.Theone-kilogramWin-Cubesatellite,namedforitshomecityanditsshape,willbeputintoloworbit.Onceinspace,itcanperformforafewmonthsoruptoseveralyears,communicatinginformationthatcouldhelpfindthesignsofearthquakes.Thereare80similarsatelliteprojectsworldwide,butthisisthefirsthigh-schoolbasedprogramofitskindinCanada.30Manitobahighschoolstudentsarehavingahandindesigningandbuildingthesatellite,incooperationwithaerospace（航空航天的）expertsand10studentsfromtheUniversityofManitoba,andwithsupportfromtwootherorganizations.TheWin-Cubeprojectisnotsomethingthatgoesonapieceofpaper;itisreal-worldengineering,allowinghighschoolstudentstohaveanopportunitytolearnmoreabouttheexcitingworldofengineeringthroughtheirparticipationinthischallengingprogram.ItisalsotakenasawonderfulexampleoftheuniquepartnershipswithinManitoba.Designing,buildingandlaunchingasatellitewithhigh-schoolparticipationwillbringthisworld-classeducationalprojectintorealityandManitobaclosertospace“TheseManitobahighschoolstudentsdeservecongratulationsfortheirenthusiasm,innovation（创新）,andastronglovefordiscovery,”saidEducation,CitizenshipandYouthMinisterPeterBjomson.“Wewanttomakesciencemorerelevant,interestingandattractivetohighschoolstudentsbyshowingthemhowclassroomstudiescanrelatetopracticalexperienceintheworkplaceor,inthiscase,inspace,”Bjomsonadded.TheWin-Cubeprogramismainlyaimedatinspiringastrongdesirefordiscoveryonthepartofthestudents.ItalsoshowsManitoba’sdevotiontoresearchandinnovationandthedevelopmentofaskilledworkforce—allimportantdriversofknowledge-basedeconomicgrowth.WhatcanwelearnfromMr.Bjomson?.ThoseManitobahighschoolstudentsareworthpraising.Thestudyofspacecanbepracticallymadeinclassrooms.Manitobahighschoolsarefamousforthestudyofspace.Scientificresearchistoofarawayfromhighschoolstudents.Whatistheprimarypurposeoftheproject?.Tofindtheearlysignsofearthquakes.Torelatestudiestopractical.Tohelphighschoolstudentsstudyreal-worldengineering.Toinspireastrongdesirefordiscoveryamongthestudents.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouttheWin-Cubesatellite?.ItisnamedafterManitobaanditsshape.Itisintendedforinternationalcommunication.ItisdesignedlikeaRubik’scubebothinshapeandsize.Itischallengedbyuniversitystudentsaroundtheworld.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ManitobaSchool B.Win-CubeProgramC.SpaceCo-operation D.SatelliteLaunchingCTheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)saysmorethanhalfoftheworld’swildlifepopulationhasbeenlost,whichtheconservationgroupsayshasplacedthehealthoftheplanetatrisk.TheWWFrecentlyreleasedits10thFlagshipLivingPlanetReport.Thegroupwarnstheconditionoftheworld'sanimalsisworsethanitsearlierreportsshowed,indicatingworldwideactionisneeded.TheWWFisworriedaboutthelossofanddamagetoEarth’senvironment.Thereportprovidesinformationaboutmorethan10,000animalpopulationsfrom1970to2010.Thesepopulationsarecalled“vertebratespecies,”oranimalswithbackbones—likefish,birds,mammals,amphibiansandreptiles.Thereportshowsthesepopulationshavedroppedby52percentinjust40years.Itwarnsfreshwaterspecieshavefallenby76percent,whichisalmosttwicethelossoflandandoceanspecies.Mostoftheselossesareinthetropics,withthebiggestdropinLatinAmerica.MarcoLambertini,theWWF’sInternationalDirector-Generalsaid,“Thisisaboutlosingnaturalhabitats.Thisisaboutconvertingforests,grasslands,andwetlandsintoagriculturemainly,anditisaboutunsustainableuseofwildlife.Illegalhuntinghasbeenactuallyincreasingoverthelast10years,whichdefinitelyadrivingforceforextinction,particularlyoflargespecies.”Thereportalsonoteswhatitcallstheworld’s“EcologicalFootprint”,thatis,theeffectofhumanactivitiesontheplanet.Mr.Lambertinisaystherehasbeenanincreaseincarbondioxidegasesandthepouringofnitrogenintooceansandriversfromfertilizersusedinagriculture,whichcertainlycannotcontinue.“Weareconsumingonaverageeveryyearabouttheequivalentofabout1.5,oneandahalftimestheresourcesavailabletotheplanet.Thatmeanswearecuttingtreesmorequicklythantheycanberestored.Wearefishingtheoceansmorequicklythanfishingstockscanreproduce,andweareemittingintheatmospheremoreCO2thanthenaturalsystemscanactuallyabsorb,whichisclearlynotsustainable.”Mr.Lambertiniwarnsclimatechangeaffectsalmosteveryoneontheplanetandthatwholespeciesmaydisappeariftheworlddoesnotreducetheeffectsofhumansontheclimate.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofspeciesfacesthebiggestdropinpopulation?Landandoceanspecies.Animalswithbackbones.FreshwaterspeciesinLatinAmerica.Freshwaterspeciesinthetropics.Allthefollowingcancontributetothelossofworld’swildlifepopulationEXCEPT .turningwildlifehabitatsintoagricultureland.makingsustainableuseofwildlife.huntingillegally.emittingCO2gasesandpouringnitrogen.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“converting”inparagraph4mean?A.Conserving. B.Conveying.C.Exchanging. D.Transforming.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat .Marcoismuchconcernedabouthuman’scurrentbehaviorstowardswildlife.whattheplanetprovidesnowcansatisfyhuman’ssustainabledevelopment.morethanhalfoftheworld’swildlifepopulationhasbeenlost.ifhumansreducetheeffectsontheclimate,thewholespecieswillnotdisappear.DWhilespacetravelstillgetslotofattention,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheexplorationofoceans,aboutwhichweknowmuchlessthanthedarksideofthemoon.Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeentothemoon,thetechnologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.Forexample,apermanentpartially-underwaterseaexplorationstation,calledtheSeaOrbiter,iscurrentlyindevelopment.Theoceansplayamajorroleincontrollingourclimate.Butwehavenotlearnedyethowtousethemtocoolusoffratherthancontributetoouroverheating.Oceanorganismsaresaidtoholdthepromiseofcuresforawideoftheuniqueeyesofskate（rayfish）ledtoadvancesinconqueringblindness,thehorseshoecrabwasimportantindevelopingatestforbacterialpollution,andseaurchinshelpedinthedevelopmentoftest-tubefertilization（人工授精）.Thetoadfish's'abilitytoregenerateitscentralnervoussystemisofmuchinteresttoneuroscientists.ArecentJapanesestudyconcludedthatthedrugEribulin,whichwastakenfromseasponges,iseffectiveinfightingwithbreast,colon,andUrinarycancer.Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprovecurrentmethods,ofdesalinating（淡化）oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.By2025,1.8billionpeopleareexpectedtosufferfromseverewatershortage,withthatnumberjumpingto3.9billionby2050-welloverathirdoftheentireglobalpopulation.Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringabacteriumthateatscarbondioxide—andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating—andproducesfuelwhichwillallowustodriveourcarsandmachines,withoutoil?Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,AmericansorcitizensofothernationswouldbelessimpressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofafarawaygalaxyorawholeMilkyWayfullofstars.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheoceanexploration?A.Itisequaltothespaceexploration. B.Itiswelldeveloped.C.Itdeservesmoreattentionanddevotion. D.Itisbeyondourknowledge.Whattechnologyhasbeendevelopedtomakeuseoftheoceans?A.Curinghumandiseaseswithoceanorganisms.Preventingtheworldgettingwarmer.Mappingtheglobaloceanfloor.Removingsaltfromseawater.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?Thetemperaturerisewillbeovercomebyabacterium.Solvingtheexistingproblemsismoresignificant.Thespaceexplorationisworththeefforts.Theoceanexplorationisnotinspiring.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Oceans,theLastHope. B.Oceans,theHiddenTreasure.C.Space,theFinalFrontier. D.Space,theFarawayDream.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Whenthebodytemperaturereaches104degreesFahrenheit（40℃）,apersonmaybesufferingfromaseriousconditioncalledheatstroke. 16 Besides,onemaysufferfromheatstrokewhenheparticipatesinextremephysicalactivityinawarmenvironment.Therearesomesymptomsofheatstroke.Thepersonusuallyhasahighbodytemperature,usuallyatorabove40℃.Ifthestrokeistheresultofhighclimatetemperatures,theskinwillusuallybedryandhot.Ifitistheresultofphysicalexercise,theskinmayfeelmoist,almostclammy（湿粘的）.17Ifheatstrokeisnottreated,apersonmaygointoshock（休克）.18Asaresult,thebloodpressuredrops,thenailsandlipsmayturnblue,andtheskinbecomesclammy.Ifleftuntreated,shockmaycauseorganfailureorevendeath.Thereareseveralwaystotreatheatstroke. 19 Oneexampleoftreatmentincludesplacingthepersonincoolwatertolowerhisbodytemperature.Anothercoolingtechniqueinvolvesmistingcoolwateroverthebodyandthenfanningitoff.Theevaporation（蒸发）ofthewaterworkstocooltheperson’sbodytemperatureandtreattheheatstroke. 20 Forexample,wearlightweightclothesthatfitlooselyonthebody.Also,takebreaksinacoolareaifexercisinginwarmtemperatures.Inaddition,ifthetemperaturesbecomeincreasinglyhot,itisbesttoavoidextremephysicalactivity.Heatstrokecanresultinanumberofproblems.Whenthathappens,theblooddoesnotflowproperly.Heatstrokecanbepreventedbyfollowingafeweasytips.Untreatedheatstrokecanquicklydamageyourbrainandheart.Inmostcases,adoctorshouldbeconsultedifapersonissuspectedofhavingheatstroke.Inaddition,thepersonmayhaverapidbreathing,orhaveahigherheartrate.Itusuallyoccurswhenonespendslargeamountsoftimeinahotenvironment.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项完形填空（共20小题；每小题21.5分，满分30分）Duringmylifetime,I’velearntsomethingimportant:it’sgoodtolearnnewskillsoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Aboutsevenyearsago,Istartedlearninghowtopaintasa___21___.Iwasprettyterrible.Everythinglooked___22___,andmycolor1sweretotallyoff.MyfriendsandcolleaguessuggestedthatIstop___23___mytimeonsomethingIwasn’tgoodat.“___24___onyourdayjob,”theysaid.Ikeptatit—practicing,takingclasses,findingtheright___25___whocouldguideme.Iamnow 26 “good”.Today,thesamefriendssayIwasbornwiththis___27___.Thesamething___28___whenIstartedpianoandsinginglessonsacoupleofyearsago.Commentsshiftedfrom,“Stopwastingyourtimeandfocusonwhatyouknow,”to“You’vegotamusicalgene（基因）.”These___29___originatefromlong-heldbeliefsthatgrowthisusuallynotpossibleforadults.Evenwhenthereisevidenceoflearning,itcanbe 30 toinborntalent.Mostscientificstudiesonadulthoodfocusoncognitivedecline（认知下降）,ratherthan 31 ,suggestingthatevenscientistsmaythinkthatdevelopmentislimitedinadulthood.Afewrecentstudiessuggestthat 32 newskills,suchasphotography,foreventhreemonthsmaystrengthenthefunctioningofthebraininadults.Iwouldtakethesestudiesonestepfurthertoarguethata（n） 33 causeofcognitivedeclineisthefactthatadultslearnfewernewskills 34 tochildren.Ifwecan 35 howtolearnwellasadults,thenperhapswecan 36 cognitivedecline.Adultsareoften 37 togooutsideoftheircomfortzones.Wefearlooking 38 formakingmistakes;wefearfailurecouldcostusourjobs.Perhapsareasonwhywesufferfromcognitivedeclineisthatwedonotengageinlearningnewskillsformanyyears.TobettercommunicatewithmyGermanfriends,IamstartingtolearnGerman.I’m 39 atthe“listeningandbabbling（咿呀学语）”phase.Sure,somemaylaughatanadultbabbling,butIhopeonedayIcan 40 Germanfluently,andinspiremanyotheradultstolearnlikeababy.22.A.hobbyB.dreamC.job.measure23.A.perfectB.brightC.dullD.enjoyable24.A.takingB.wastingC.puttingD.getting25.A.CountB.DependC.FocusD.Congratulate26.A.friendsB.teachersC.colleaguesD.partners27.A.concludedB.realizedC.consideredD.described28.A.characterB.spiritC.talentD.power29.A.happenedB.foundC.mentionedD.showed30.A.suggestionsB.achievementsC.resultsD.comments31.A.reportedB.owedC.forcedD.addicted32.A.failureB.changeC.adaptationD.growth33.A.catchingB.arrangingC.learningD.holding34.A.importantB.strangeC.insignificantD.useful35.A.preparedB.comparedC.intendedD.provided36.A.breakoutB.giveoutC.bringoutD.figureout37.A.interruptB.preventC.masterD.influence38.A.unreasonableB.uncertainC.unwillingD.undoubted39.A.stupidB.upsetC.crazyD.ugly40.A.clearlyB.presentlyC.continuallyD.occasionally41.A.writeB.readC.listen D.speak第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren, 41. (give)upitsdecades-longone-childpolicy,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC) 42. (announce)afterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthechallengeofanagingpopulation,accordingtoacommunique(公报) 43. (issue)aftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralComnmitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature(立法机关) 44. itcomesintoforce.China’sfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s 45. (control)therapid 46. （grow）ofthepopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples 47. onechild,andastoruralcouples,theycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstbornchildwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents 48. werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave 49. secondchild.Theone-childpolicywas 50. （far）loosenedinNovember2013aftertheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee,andcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节短文改错（满分10分）.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（℃），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearDavid,Iwasexcitedtoknowyoulikemusicfromyourletter.NeitherdoI.Asweallknow,musicisanimportantpartofourlifetoday.Noonewillsaynotomusicandeverybodyhastheirtasteaboutthemusic.WhenIwasveryyoung,myparentswouldencouragemelistentoclassicmusic.Theywantedtodeveloptheirinterestandgoodtaste.SoasIgrowup,Ifallinloveforrockmusic,whichmakesmefeelcool.Itissaidthatmusiccanhealpeople’ssouls.Whilelisteningtosomepeacefulmusic,Iamsurprisingcalm.WhenIamnothappy,Iwilllistentomusicandthendancetoitinmybedroom.Musiccanhelpmeforgetsomethingannoyed.It’sgreatthatwesharethesamehobbies.Musicisfullofcharm.CouldyouintroducesomeniceEnglishsongsinyournextletter?Yours,LiMing第二节书面表达（满分25分）.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasyoung,IlivedinasmallvillageinMelaka.Thespiritofneighborlinesswasverystrongthen.Thevillagehadavarietyoftradestoservetheneedsofthevillagers.Therewasabarber,tailor,coffeeshopowner,grocer,andsoon.Allofuswerequitepoorbutwegotby.However