当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的-供期末考试用英语复习

当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用英语复习当代讨论生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用英语复习

1.TheBillhasincorporatedmanyofthesuggestionsputforwardbytheopposition.2.Newtechnologiesareneededtoinvigoratethecountry’seconomy.3.Thesoldiersuppressedhisfearandwentonfighting.

4.Thenoiseofcarspassingalongtheroadisacontinualdisturbancetoourquietlife.5.Thiscountryissufferingfromitseconomicstagnation.6.Theoldmancherishedthegirlasifshewerehisdaughter.7.Donotlosehope;rememberthemotto“Neversaydie”.

8.Thetempleishighinthemountain,andisinaccessibletothepublicinwinter.9.Thechildshoweddefiancebyrefusingtoeat.

10.Iamdefendingmycommunistideologymyideals,thecontentandsignificanceofmywholelife.

11.Thecarrandownthehillunderitsownimpetus.

12.Thereacanalwasbeingbuilttofacilitatecommercebetweenthesetwocities.13.Myfirstparachutejumpwasa(n)exhilaratingexperience.14.Ismyconvictionthatyoudidnottryhardenough.

15.“Worldlywealthistransient;heavenlywealthlastsforever.”saidthepriest.

1.Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler()respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

A.quotesB.confirmsC.recitesD.convinces

2.Hecouldscarcelyresisttakinganotherdrinkofthedeliciouswine,butrememberingthedoctor’sadvice,he().

ArefrainedBwithdrewCavoidedDretreated

3.Whenpeoplehavetheirbasicneedssatisfied,theybegintothinkofotherthingstofulfilltheirlife().

AnecessitiesBrequirementsCappreciationsDexpectations

4.Withinseconds,theexperiencedinstructor()thesituationanddecidedtoattemptrescue.AassumedBassuredCassessedDaffirmed

5.Mostgoodwritersuseeverymeansattheir()tomakethereader’swaysmoothandeasy.AwillBdisposalCrequestDconvenience

6.Thenewapartmenthousebuiltafewmonthsagoislargeenoughto()overtwohundredpeople.

AaccommodateBlocateCsettleDreside

7.Ariver()throughthenarrowwoodedvalleybelow.ApoursBtwistsCexpendsDexpands

8.TouseaChinesesaying,thisis“apunishmentwhichtheywell()”.AdesertBdeserveCreserveDpreserve

9.Thecaptainoftheship()thepassengersthattherewasnodanger.AsecuredBensuredCassuredDguaranteed

10.Thegrowthofcitiesandsuburbsthroughouttheregionhas()theresidentstobuildhouseswherevertheycouldfindopenland.

AconvertedBappealedCjustifiedDencouragedUnit2

1.Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

AcompleteBcomplexCcompositeDcompact2.Hisauthorityand()makehimanexcellentteacher.

Aself-consciousnessBself-confidenceCself-centerednessDself-regard

3.Beingbothspoiltandlazyhe()everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.AaccusedBchargedCcriticizedDblamed

4.WhenIlearnedthatIhadpassedtheexam,Ifelt()andrelaxed.AcarelessBtrouble-freeCnegligentDcare-free

5.Averylargecatwaswatchingusintentlyfromthetopofa()car.AcarelessBstationeryCmotionlessDstationary

6.Thisisthe()pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.AactualBrealCgenuineDcontemporary

7.Yourusualteacherhaslosthisvoiceand()Iamtakinghisplacetoday.AneverthelessBhoweverCmoreoverDaccordingly8.A()womanisneededtotakecareoftwosmallchildren.AconfidentBreliableCtrustyDfaithful9.Ihavehada()ofmisfortunes.

AcontinuationBrepetitionCcontinuityDsuccession

10.Hehadan()habitofemptyingashtraysoutofhisupstairswindowontoourdoorstep.AobjectionableBafflictingCuneducatedDoffending11.Themusicarouseda(n)()feelingofhomesicknessinhim.AintenseBhopelessCintensiveDsad

12.Thejury()himofhavingcommittedtherobberyandhewasthensentencedtofiveyear’simprisonment.

AaccusedBchargedCconvictedDacquitted

13.Thebookprovedtobeveryunreliableandsowasquite()tohiminhisresearch.AunimportantBdisusedCuselessDunusable

14.Theplanwas()whenitwasdiscoveredjusthowmuchtheschemewouldcost.AresignedBabandonedCreleasedDredeemed

15.Theblowattheendofroundthreeknockedthechampion().AinsensitiveBstupefiedCsenselessDnonsensicalUnit3

1.TheRomanempire()underpressurepressurefromuncivilizednortherntribes.

AtrembledBcrumbledChurdledDsmashed

2.thepoliceare()awaragainstcrimeinthecity.Acommitting

BbreakingCundertakingDwaging

3.thesignwasnolongerlegiblebecausemuchoftheletteringhad()。AworndownBwornonCwornawayDwornout4.they()whetheraninternationalloanwaspossible.AdissolvedBdisputedCdissentedDdistorted5.heisalways()hisknowledgeinpublic

AairingBpraisingCassumingDretorting

6.flowersarebloominginscarletprofusiononthe()oftherice-fields.AspacesBclearingsCmarginsDvacuums

7.theyoungsoldier’shearingwas()aftertheexplosionAstrengthenedBtrappedCmanipulatedDimpaired

8.blackdeathwas()inenglandinthesummerof1348withoutanywarningand,most

importantly,withoutanycure.

AcurrentBcirculatingCprevailingDuniversal

9.thegoodnewsisthataspeopleinfectedwithHIVkeeptakingthetriple-drug(),theyhave

anexcellentchanceofsurvivingtheinfectionforalongtime.AantigenBcocktailCmicrobeDtherapy

10.becauseithaslongbeenknownthatHIVkillsCD4cellswhenitreplicatesinsidethem,many

researchershavebeentooreadyto()thatthisisthereasontheyalldie.AdiscoverBassumeCretortDpronounce

Measuresomeunlesshoweverseparatewhenenvironmentallyhappenopportunitycapableindifferencedemonstrateupaveragewithbutfailisolatenever

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn().Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,()beingmorecapablethanothers.()nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligence()hehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhat()totheindividual---thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought().Ifanindividualishandicapped(),itislikelythathisbrainwill()todevelopandhewill()attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis().Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbe()bythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeteranJohn.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedin()fosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinan()communitywithpooreducational().John,(),waseducatedinhomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Thisenvironmental()continueduntilthetwinswere()theirlateteens,()theyweregiventeststo()theirintelligence.

John’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthanthe()andfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.

Creativitysostimulatecontrolonsubstancemindcarrychemicalstheylearningefficientaffectdiscoverinterest

Recentstudiesofthehumanbrainhaveresultedinsomeinterestingdiscoveries.Scientistsbelievethatawaytoimprovethepowerofthebrainmaysoonbepossible.

Scientistshave()thatthebraincanmakeitsowndrugs.Thebraincontainsaprotein()whichcanactdirectly()thebraintochangeaspectsofmentalactivity.Somemaychangeorimprove,forexample,(),intelligence,imagination,andgoodmemory.

Chemicalsfoundinthebrain()messages.Inrecentyearsscientistshavefoundchemicalsthat()mood,memoryandotherhappeningsofthe().About25havebeenfound()far.

Todaytheroleof()andproteinsubstanceinhumanbehaviouriscreatingmuch(),Researchseemstoshowthattheymayhelp()insomnia,pain,andmentalillness.Theyhaveagreatcapacityto()thebraintoconquerdeficiencies.()alsoimprovethequalitiesofmemoryand()alreadyinthebrain.Theyholdthesecrettomoodandemotion.Somedaytheremaybeachemicalwaytocreateabetterandmore()brain.

Sampleimmunewhichwaysleadtonumbertakerebuildatallfurtherdrugthatarguedisruptcopewithtrapalongsidefindinglossprolong

BymeasuringtheamountofHIV’sgeneticmaterialinvariousrepresentativetissuesamplesfrominfectedpeople,andextrapolatingfromthese(sample)totheentirebody,Haaseestimatesthatatmost1in2,500cells,maybefewer,isinfectedwithHIV.Thisisnowherenearenoughfordirectcellkillingtoaccountforthedepletionintheirnumbersthat(leadsto)AIDS.

HaasesaysthathisownworknowshowsthatlargenumbersofCD4cellsarebecoming(trapped)inlymphtissue,andhebelievesthatHIValso(disrupts)theproductionofnewcells.Incommonwithanumberofotherresearchers,healsobelievesthatHIVmaycausethe(loss)ofuninfectedCD4cellsbytriggeringabnormallyhighlevelsofcellsuicide,orapoptosisaseparateprocessthathasbeenasubjectofresearchthroughoutthe1990s.

Takentogether,these(findings)clearlysuggestthatHIVkeepsthe(immune)systeminstateofconstantactivation,andunbalancesitinfour(ways):bytrappingmaturecells,bykillingasmallbutsignificant(number)ofcellsdirectly.Theircombinedimpactleavestheimmunesystemdepletedandunableto(copewith)opportunisticinfections.

Howwillanyofthisaffecttreatments?Wouldbetterknowledgeofthewaysin(which)thevirusdisturbstheimmunesystemenableresearchersto(rebuild)it,broadeningthedepletedrepertoireofCD4cells?Roederer,atleast,thinksthatdrugsthatdirectlyaffecttheimmunesystemwillbeneeded.

Othersgo(further).JayLevyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,worriesthat(prolonged)treatmentwithcocktailsofantiviral(drugs)mightevenfooltheimmunesystemand“putittorest”,bykeepinglevelsofHIVsolowinthebody(that)theyfailtotriggeranyimmuneresponses(atall).Thisnightmakeindividualswhostop(taking)thedurgsevenmorevulnerable.He(argues)thatimmune-restoringtreatmentsshouldbegiven(alongside)antiviraldrugs.Already,someresearchersareworkingonnovelapproachessuchasdevelopinggeneticallyengineeredTcellstoreplacelostCD4cells.Unit4

TransactionrefertothroughacrossfocusoncoveratalllevelsofnothinginthecaseofcomeintonecessarilymakecommunitybepreparedtohaveaccesstoEconomic“globalization”isahistoricalprocess,theresultofhumaninnovationandtechnologicalprogress.Itreferstotheincreasingintegrationofeconomiesaroundtheworld,particularlythroughtradeandfinancialflows.Thetermsometimesalso()themovementofpeople(labor)andknowledge(technology)()internationalborders.Therearealsobroadercultural,politicalandenvironmentaldimensionsofglobalizationthatarenot()here.

Atitsmostbasic,thereis()mysteriousaboutglobalization.Theterm()commonusagesincethe1980s,reflectingtechnologicaladvancesthat()iteasierandquickertocompleteinternational()---bothtradeandfinancialflows.Itreferstoanextensionbeyondnationalbordersofthesamemarketforcesthathaveoperatedforcenturies()humaneconomicactivity---villagemarkets,urbanindustries,orfinancialcenters.

Marketspromoteefficiency()competitionandthedivisionoflaborthespecializationthatallowspeopleandeconomiesto()whattheydobest.Globalmatketsoffergreateropportunityforpeopletotapintomoreandlargermarketsaroundtheworld.Itmeansthattheycan()morecapitalflows,technology,cheaperimports,andlargerexportmarkets.Butmarketsdonot()ensurethatthebenefitsofincreasedefficiencyaresharedbyall.Countriesmust()embracethepoliciesneeded,and()thepoorestcountriesmayneedthesupportoftheinternational()astheydoso.

在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经受四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；其次，在生活中的各种威逼面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的熟悉，是感到来日方长，还是开头感到时日无多？最终是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充足，还是感到力不从心？这些都是我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，他们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们实行行动前的种种打算。

人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中、在性别角色中、在期望的职业中、以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理预备。

由于梦想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己的意志布满信念，我们在二十岁时普遍认定自己所选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。假如有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不快乐。

几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的丛林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年月初被发觉。

在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女承受了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。

这是由于在贫困国家很多人对正常的经济进展不起作用。说得再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很简单被取代。

当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。以为不只是他的收入没有了，

他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。

泰国政府认为没有必要向肯尼亚那样由于可怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严峻性。泰国人被

反复告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避开它，最终由他们自己去做出选择。

近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论始终主宰着人类对HIV的讨论。但是这种理论的全都性现在正在动摇，局部缘由是由于免疫学家费兰克。米德马领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的讨论工作。假如荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。而一些话费几十亿美元的讨论工程中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。

总体而言，世界贸易组织接受了有利与跨国商务活动的规章，拒绝了商务活动反对的规章。世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境爱护主义者、土著民居、妇女团体等的反对。墨西哥在执行北美自由贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。不同意北部联盟有关劳动爱护条款的南半球的贫困国家也认为世界贸易组织并不为大多数人谋福利。

扩展阅读：当代讨论生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用

一、VocabularyA依据定义写单词Unit1

InthepastformerlyIncludeembraceman-madeartificialcontrolsystematicallyregulateexactlypreciselyundesiredunwantedirrelevantextraneoushavingintensefeelingpassionate

aimtowardbetargetedtonotfarawayathandbechargedforbesendforUnit3

ContainingmanydetailedpartsandthusdifficulttounderstandintricateNearlycorrectbutnotexactlyapproximatelyAsuddenshakingoftheEarthssurfaceearthquakeHavingmanydifferentkindsofskillsorabilitiesversatileStandingapart,separateasistobealoneisolatedTheoppositeinposition;theotherwayaroundreverseInadditionto;alsoaswellasDependingoneachother;necessarytoeachotherinterdependentIncreaseinnumberbygivingbirthtooffspringmultiplyEatsomethinginordertostayaliveorsubsistliveonDestroycompletelykilloffNotinitsexactoraccuratepositionoutoftrueProvidewithproperornecessaryskills,knowledgeetc.quality(not)inanyway(not)atallAsaresultfromanaturalimpulseortendencyspontaneously

Unit5

Learnanddiscover(afactthatwashidden)findoutAgroupofpeoplelivingtogetherbysharedinterests,religion,munityChangeintosomethingofdifferentformorpropertiesconvertHaveaclearmeaningwakesenseAstateofverystrongfeeling,esp.ofjoyandhappinessecstasyTaketheplaceofreplacetosomeextent;somewhatmoreorlessatthelowestestimateorfigureatleastnoteasilymanaged;hardtotreat,relieve,orcureintractableunderstand;figureoutthemeaningofmakeout下册：Unit3

1.Ageneralagreenmentconsensus2.Breakintosmallpiecescrumble3.Ofthegreatestimportancevital4.Mostcommonprevailing

5.Becomegraduallyfewerorsmallerdwindle6.Callintoquestiondispute

7.Apersonwhoarguesinfavorofsomethingproponent8.Anauthoritativeprincipleorbeliefdogma9.Largeinamountmassive10.Explaininterpret11.Suspicionhunch

12.Baffleorconfusepuzzle

UNIT5

1.Emerged

2.Launch3.Gap4.declined5.Mcedures7.Cvisions二、选词填空

下册：UNIT1

UNIT2

三、翻译UNIT11.Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.一种真正的市场型治理模式很快成为可能。

2.Incyberspace,we`llabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned----intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.

在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的治理制度-----学问产权制度、效劳内容与使用权的掌握制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等3.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein;otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswho

qualifyononebasisoranother.

有些群体允许任何人参加，而有一些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人参加。

4.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplit

intosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).

能够自持的群体会兴盛进展（或许也会由于知趣与身份日趋特别，而进展成为几个

分支）。

Thosethatcan`tsurvive----eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff----willsimplywitheraway.

有些群体或由于成员失去兴趣，或由于成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将慢慢萎缩消亡。Unit2

Oncetheproblemisunderstood,improvementcomesnaturally.一旦问题得到理解，状况自然有所改善。Womenwhofeelabandonedanddeprivedwhentheirhusbandswon“tlistentoorreport

dailynewsmaybehappytodiscovertheirhusbandstryingtoadaptoncetheyunderstandtheplaceofsmalltalkinwomen“srelationships.

那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丢失生活乐趣的女性会快乐的发觉，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应Butiftheirhusbandsdon“tadapt,thewomenmaystillbecomfortedthatformen,

thisisnotafailureofintimacy.

假如丈夫不适应，妻子仍旧能够得到劝慰，由于她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲切的表现。

Acceptingthedifference,thewivesmaylooktotheirfriendsorfamilyforthatkindoftalk.

当妻子承受了男女存在区分这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。

Andhusbandswhocan“tprovideitshouldn“tfeeltheirwiveshavemadeunreasonable

demands.

那些不能够赐予妻子谈话欢乐的丈夫，也不应当觉得妻子提出了无理要求。

Somecoupleswillstilldecidetodivorce,butatleasttheirdecisionswillbebasedon

realisticexpectations.

仍旧会有一些夫妻打算离婚，但起码他们的打算是建立在比拟现实的期望根底上的。UNIT3

Whenitfirstcameintobeing,theEarthverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallan

oceanandanatmosphere.

在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今日称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbythe

energeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“life”.

在20亿到30亿年前期间，一局部地球外表的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了构造复

杂的化合物，这些化合物敏捷多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。

Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyofliving

portions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

整个星球是一种由无机局部和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式（正如我们自己

的身体，既是由各种各样的有机局部构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无积水分所构成）。

Inthesameway,onaplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynot

threatenEarth“slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.

5.同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威逼，但

是这样做会对该地区的生态形成严峻的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，从而引起地质构造的微小变化。

Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,

andbotharethebetterforit.

假如排解外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都

有好处。ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth“sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesHomo

sapiensasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤确定会

摧毁生态环境，正如一般的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。

Unit4

Theflowofnoveltiesinvocabulary,inidiom,eveninpronunciation,isnow

overwhelminglyeastward.

新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都已无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。

WeseldomborrowanEnglishwordorphrasesanymore,thoughweusedtoborrow

many;buttheEnglishtakeinourinventionsalmostasfastaswecanlaunchthem.

从前我们经常借用许多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们制造

的词，我们制造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。

TheAmericancanmovie,Isuppose,islargelyresponsibleforthischange,butthereare

unquestionablydeepercausestoo.

我认为，美国电影当然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的缘由。Englishisstillabittight,abitstiff,morethanalittleartificial.英语依旧有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。

ButAmericanhasgoneondevelopingwithalmostElizabethanprodigality.而美语的发

展却像伊丽莎白时代一样富强。

Alltheprocessesofword-formationthatwereinoperationinShakespearesEnglandare

stillinoperationhere,andtheyproduceasteadystreamofneologismsthatewouldhaverelishedasjoyfullyasherelishedthenoveltiesactuallyproducedinhistime.

全部那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依旧在美国应用着，新词源源

不断地产生。假如沙翁健在这些新词肯定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样

UNIT5

Thegoalofscienceistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings---fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系----从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。

Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranother.Almostalwaysthe

proposedanswersareinthenatureof“JustSoStories”,attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperiment,orevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations.世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所供应的答案几乎

都带有“就这么回事”的性质，这些尝试性的解释总是脱离试验，甚至没有经过细心的比拟观看。

Topenetrateintotheheartofthething---evenalittlething,abladeofgrass,asWalt

Whitmansaid---istoexperienceakindofexhilarationthat,itmaybe,onlyhumanbeingsofallthebeingsonthisplanetcanfeel.

要透彻的领悟一件事物，哪怕是很小的一件东西---比方惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也

会经受一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的全部生灵中只有人类才能感受到。Andsometimeswehearpronouncementsfromscientistswhoconfidentlystatethat

everythingworthknowingwillsoonbeknow---orevenisalreadyknownandwhopaintpicturesofaDionysianageinwhichthezestforintellectualdiscoveryhaswithered,tobeplacedbyakindofsubduedlanguor,thelotus-eatersdrinkingfermentedcoconutmilkorsomeothermildhallucinogen.

有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们布满信念的宣称，每一件值得弄清的事

物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周之。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对学问探究的热忱已经减退，取而代之的是一种被制服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温柔迷幻剂的安逸度日者。Ifwecouldshrinkourselvesintothiscrystallineworld,wecouldseerankuponrankof

atomsinanorderedarray,aregularlyalternatingstructure---sodium,chlorine,sodiumchlorine,specifyingthesheetofatomswearestandingonandallthesheetsaboveusandbelowus.

假如我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以观察一排排原子形成有序的点

阵，呈一种有规律的交替构造---钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵准确的勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的全部原子层的示意图。

下册：UNIT1

1.Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtle

changesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经受四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；

1.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisour

perceptionoftimedowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?

其次，在生活的各种威逼面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的熟悉，是感到来日方长，还是开头感到时日无多？

1.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.These

arethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.

最终是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充足，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们实行行动前的种种打算。

1.Thetasksofthispassagearetolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,an

anticipatedoccupation,anideologyorworldview.人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。

2.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobegin

leavinghomeemotionally.

这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理预备。

1.Buoyedbypowerfulillusionsandbeliefinthepowerofthewill,wecommonlyinsistin

ourtewntiesthatwhatwehavechosentodoistheonetruecourseinlife.由于梦想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己意志布满信念，我们在二十几岁时普遍认定自己选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。

2.Ourbacksgoupatthemeresthintthatwearelikeourparents,thattwodecadesof

parentaltrainingmightbereflectedinourcurrentactionsandattitudes.

假如有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不快乐Unit2

IttookseveralyearsforthevirustobreakoutofCongo“sdenseandsparselypopulatedjunglesbut,onceitdid,itmarchedwithrebelarmiesthroughthecontinent“snumerouswarzones,几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的从林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；

rodewithtruckersfromonerest-stopbrotheltothenest,andeventuallyflew,perhapswithanairsteward,toAmerica,whereitwasdiscoveredintheearly1980s.

随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年月初被发觉。

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