高中英语必修三语法-主语从句课件

SubjectClause主语从句Grammar同位语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句

表语从句Review1.Atree

hasfallenacrosstheroad.2.Youareastudent.3.Tofindyourway

canbeaproblem.4.Smoking

isharmful.5.Whatshesaid

isknown.6.Thatweshallbelate

iscertain.7.It

iscertainthatweshallbelate.观察思考主语：是执行句子的行为或动作的主体；作主语的词：名词，代词，动名词，形容词，分词或数词等，动词不定式或不定式短语，从句，某些固定词组。一、主语从句定义：

从句在复合句中充当主语成分的句子主语从句。1.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.

我们明天是否会去郊游仍旧未知。2.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。从属连词连接代词连接副词that（无词义）,whetherwhat,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever，whomeverwhen,where,why,how有词义，但不做成分有词义，做主，宾，表，定语

有词义，做状语

二、引导主语从句的连接词1.

iscertain.我们将迟到了2.________________________isknowntoall.地球是圆的3.

isapity.你错过了这次机会ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance

引导词Thatwewillbelate

hurtshimsomuch.（她离开他）1.

that---只起引导作用，无词义，不充当成分，但不能省略。ThatshelefthimIfhewillcomehere×

ismorepractice.我们所需要的

isunderdiscussion.我们何时开会what在从句中作宾语When

在从句中作状语WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting主语从句在句首只能用whether做成分（主、宾、表、定）

isnoteasytosay.(他是否会来这）Whetherhewillcomehere2.

whether

---“是否”，不充当成分，表不确定的事情。3.连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what

连接副词

where,how,why,when

及wh-疑问词+ever引导的主语从句what,whatever,who,whoever...引导的主语从句的意义差别。

whatever,whoever等引导的主语从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词或代词后加一个定语从句，即whoever可换成anyonewho,whatever可换成anythingthat。而who引导的主语从句含有疑问意义，“谁”；what引导的主语从句表疑问意义时是“什么”，what不表疑问时可以换成thethingthat.Hewishestomakefriendswithwhoevershareshishobbiesandinterests.Hewishestomakesfriendswithanyonewhoshareshisbobbiesandinterests.依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用______，指物用_______；如缺宾语，指人用_______，指物用_________；时间状语用_______；地点状语用________；原因状语用______；方式状语用______；定语用________；什么都不缺用_______。whowhatwhomwhatwhenwhenwhyhowwhosethat用what,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.填空1.______isneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.2.___________theywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher.3.____________wewillgotomorrowhasn’t

beendecidedyet.4._____canjoininthesportmeeting

isdecidedbytheteacher.5.________itwillrainornotisnotclear.6.______theearthisbecomingwarmisagoodtopicforresearch.7.______theearthisasolidballisknowntousall.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThatWhyWhowillhostthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.Whatyousaidjustnowisnottrue.Whoeverheisdoesn’tmatter.Whosecarrunsfasterisobvious.主宾表定观察思考:

缺什么成分？语序？三、主语从句语序

主语从句的语序与宾语从句一样，不管是哪类连接词引导，也不管主句是否是疑问句，一律用陈述语序：1.单个主语从句作主语，看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______（be）certain.2.

What

引导主从作主语且表语是n.时,谓语v.的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______（be）thesebooks.Whathewants______（be）somewater.isareis四、主语从句中的时态--“主谓一致”3.如果主句是过去时，从句一般也用相应的过去的某种时态.主过从四过Thattheboy_________(nottake)medicinemadehismotherangry.4.用and连接两个或以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或以上的连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语仍用单数.1.Whenwe’llhavethemeetingandwherewe’llhavedinner

(have)notbeendecidedyet.2.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld____(have)notbeendecidedyet.didn'ttakehashave.Itwasnotclearwhether

thesolidshapewouldlastornot.

主语从句形式主语_________thesolidshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.真正主语引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,但有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.Conclusion:ifIf×注意：Whether五、it作形式主语1._________________(据报道)thebushasbeenlocatedmorethan60metersunderwater.2._______________(碰巧)thebusrushedtotheroadsideandfellintotheYangtzeRiver.3._______________(事实是)15peoplewerekilledintheaccident.4.__________________(有必要)weshouldobeythetrafficrulesforourownsafety.ItisnecessarythatItisreportedthatIthappenedthatItisafactthat

主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用it作形式主语。用it作形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+adj.

+that从句It+be+P.P.+that从句It+be+n.+that从句It+vi+that从句It作形式主语的句型：It+be+名词/形容词/过去分词/不及物动词

+that从句1.It+be+adj.

+that从句Itisnecessarythat…

有必要……Itisimportantthat…

重要的是……Itisobviousthat…

很明显……2.It+be+P.P.+that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……3.It+be+n.+that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……4.It+vi+that从句Itappearsthat…似乎……Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……注意：当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，也要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?

Doesitmattermuch

thattheywillnotcometomorrow?3.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。4.“主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主语从句需注意的问题：2.主语从句中用陈述语序5.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,

常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.

4种句型注意：1.引导主语从句在句首只能用“whether”引导，有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.。【改错】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。remains7.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.在“Itisrequested/commanded/insisted/ordered/suggested/advised+that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。(should)makeCorrectornot?*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.…………….beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.×Payattention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式

101.Thequestionis________thefilmisworthseeing.2.________weshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.用whether\if填空whetherWhether10*

Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.×Correctornot?Whetherwewill………….decidedyet.Payattention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if10Translatethesentence*Itisknowntous__________________________________.(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).howMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter20

×Correctornot?Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do

的形式Itisimportantthatweshouldfinish…..*Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.10

×Correctornot?Payattention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。Whatshewantstoknowis…….*Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.10

×Correctornot?Payattention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that不能省略。Thathewillgiveup………*Hewillgiveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.10Translatethesentence*_______________________________（她是否出席会议）isnotcertain.Whethershewillattendthemeeting20典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：

1.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.

Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereare

inyourclass?Idon'tknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.

5.Myadviceisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.

Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Myadviceisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot…...规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.

Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：4种情况只能用whether：（1）位于句子开头；（2）前面有介词;（3）引导表语从句；（4）与ornot连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_______comewithme.A.ifshewill B.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._______hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.That C.Which D.Whether3.Canyoutellme________?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom_______.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein5.Togetthejobstarted,_______Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_______fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.what B.how C.it's D.that7.Canyoutellme_______therailwaystation?A.howIcangetto B.whatcanIgetto C.whereIcangotto D.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_______?A.whatishisname B.howishisname C.whathisnameis D.howhisnameis9._______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall________.A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_________dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslike B.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike13.Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput14.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklike D.whatlookmanlike15.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.If C.Whether D.That16.Goandgetyourcoat.It's________youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhereD.wherethere17.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.while B.that C.if D.for18._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter19.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.how B.when C.that D.if20._________wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_________wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what21.________we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where22.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever23.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?A.why B.when C.what D.where24.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever25.________youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether26.Youcan'timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited27.________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where28.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._________Igotwetthrough.A.It'sthereason B.That'swhy C.There'swhy D.It'show1.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.Anyone B.Theone C.Whoever D.Who2.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷Ⅱ)What B.Why C.Where D.Which高考链接3.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.What B.That C.This D.Which4.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:what引导主语从句,在从句中做do的宾语6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat__Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that解析:Ithough