软件工程(双语)复习提纲

Chapter1AnIntroductiontoSoftwareEngineering*Whatissoftware？-ComputerprogramsandassociateddocumentationandData谢谢阅读-Twofundamentaltypesofsoftwareproduct：genericproductsandcustomizedproducts感谢阅读*Whatissoftwareengineering?精品文档放心下载-Softwareengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichisconcernedwithallaspectsofsoftwareproduction感谢阅读*Whatisthedifferencebetweensoftwareengineeringandcomputerscience？谢谢阅读-Computerscienceisconcernedwiththeoryandfundamentals；精品文档放心下载—softwareengineeringisconcernedwiththepracticalitiesofdevelopinganddeliveringusefulsoftware谢谢阅读＊Whatisasoftwareprocess?感谢阅读-Asetofactivitieswhosegoalisthedevelopmentorevolutionofsoftware感谢阅读—Genericactivitiesinallsoftwareprocessesare:谢谢阅读Specification、Development、Validation、Evolution谢谢阅读Chapter4SoftwareProcess精品文档放心下载＊Softwareprocess—Softwareprocessesaretheactivitiesinvolvedinproducingandevolvingasoftwaresystem.感谢阅读—Astructuredsetofactivitiesrequiredtodevelopasoftwaresystem:specification;designandimplementation；validation;evolution.精品文档放心下载-Generalprocessactivitiesarespecification，designandimplementation，validationandevolution.谢谢阅读＊Softwareprocessmodels-Softwareprocessmodelsareabstractrepresentationsoftheseprocesses.感谢阅读—Genericprocessmodelsdescribetheorganisationofsoftwareprocesses.Examplesincludethewaterfallmodel，evolutionarydevelopmentandcomponent-basedsoftwareengineering。感谢阅读—waterfallmodelisonlyappropriatewhentherequirementsarewell—understoodandchanges精品文档放心下载-Thewaterfallmodelismostlyusedforlargesystemsengineeringprojectswhereasystemisdevelopedatseveralsites精品文档放心下载—Therearetwofundamentaltypesofevolutionarydevelopment:exploratorydevelopmentandthrow—awayprototyping谢谢阅读-Exploratorydevelopmentshouldstartwithwell—understoodrequirementsandaddnewfeaturesasproposedbythecustomer谢谢阅读-Throw—awayprototypingshouldstartwithpoorlyunderstoodrequirementstoclarifywhatisreallyneeded.感谢阅读—Evolutionarydevelopmentismostlyusedforsmallormedium-sizeinteractivesystemsandshort-lifetimesystems精品文档放心下载*Iterativeprocessmodelsdescribethesoftwareprocessasacycleofactivities感谢阅读Chapter5Projectmanagement精品文档放心下载*Primaryprojectmanagementactivities:感谢阅读—Proposalwriting.-Projectplanningandscheduling.感谢阅读—Projectcosting。—Projectmonitoringandreviews。谢谢阅读-Personnelselectionandevaluation。感谢阅读—Reportwritingandpresentations.感谢阅读＊Projectplanning-Milestonesaretheend—pointofaprocessactivity。精品文档放心下载—Deliverablesareprojectresultsdeliveredtocustomers.精品文档放心下载＊Projectscheduling-Organizetasksconcurrentlytomakeoptimaluseofworkforce.谢谢阅读—Minimizetaskdependenciestoavoiddelayscausedbyonetaskwaitingforanothertocomplete。谢谢阅读-Graphicalnotationsusedtoillustratetheprojectschedule：barchartsandactivitynetworks谢谢阅读-Activitychartsshowtaskdependenciesandthecriticalpath。感谢阅读—Barchartsshowscheduleagainstcalendartime.精品文档放心下载Taskdurationsanddependencies谢谢阅读ActivitynetworkActivitybarchart（Ganttchart）谢谢阅读Staffallocationvs.timechartchart谢谢阅读＊Riskmanagement—Threerelatedcategoriesofrisk：projectrisks,productrisks,businessrisks-Projectrisksaffectscheduleorresources；谢谢阅读-Productrisksaffectthequalityorperformanceofthesoftwarebeingdeveloped；感谢阅读-Businessrisksaffecttheorganisationdevelopingorprocuringthesoftware-Theprocessofriskmanagementinvolvesseveralstages:Riskidentification，Riskanalysis，Riskplanning，Riskmonitoring.谢谢阅读-Riskidentification：Identifyproject,productandbusinessrisks；谢谢阅读-Riskanalysis：Assessthelikelihoodandconsequencesoftheserisks；感谢阅读-Riskplanning：Drawupplanstoavoidorminimisetheeffectsoftherisk；感谢阅读—Riskmonitoring：Monitortherisksthroughouttheproject;Theriskmanagementprocess精品文档放心下载Chapter6SoftwareRequirements感谢阅读＊Typesofrequirement：-Functionalandnon—functionalrequirements感谢阅读-Userrequirementsandsystemrequirements精品文档放心下载＊Functionalandnon—functionalrequirements谢谢阅读—FunctionalrequirementsStatementsofservicesthesystemshouldprovide，howthesystemshouldreacttoparticularinputsandhowthesystemshouldbehavein谢谢阅读particularsituations。-Non-functionalrequirements谢谢阅读Constraintsontheservicesorfunctionsofferedbythesystemsuchastimingconstraints,constraintsonthedevelopmentprocess,standards,感谢阅读etc.-Thetypesofnon-functionalrequirementare：productrequirements，organisationalrequirements,externalrequirements.谢谢阅读—Functionalrequirementssetoutservicesthesystemshouldprovide.谢谢阅读—Non-functionalrequirementsconstrainthesystembeingdevelopedorthedevelopmentprocess.感谢阅读*Inprinciple,requirementsshouldbebothcompleteandconsistent。谢谢阅读—CompleteTheyshouldincludedescriptionsofallfacilitiesrequired.-Consistent谢谢阅读Thereshouldbenoconflictsorcontradictionsinthedescriptionsofthesystemfacilities.谢谢阅读Chapter7RequirementsEngineeringProcesses谢谢阅读*Therequirementsengineeringprocessincludes谢谢阅读Feasibilitystudy,requirementselicitationandanalysis,requirementsspecificationandrequirementsmanagement。精品文档放心下载Chapter8SystemModel＊Differentmodelspresentthesystemfromdifferentperspectives谢谢阅读Externalperspectiveshowingthesystem’scontextorenvironment；感谢阅读Behaviouralperspectiveshowingthebehaviourofthesystem；感谢阅读Structuralperspectiveshowingthesystemordataarchitecture.*Twotypesofbehaviouralmodelare:感谢阅读Dataflowmodelsthatshowhowdataisprocessedasitmovesthroughthesystem;感谢阅读Statemachinemodelsthatshowthesystemsresponsetoevents。感谢阅读Chapter11ArchitecturalDesign精品文档放心下载＊Architectureandsystemcharacteristics感谢阅读-performanceLocalisecriticaloperationsandminimisecommunications。Uselargeratherthanfine—graincomponents。谢谢阅读—securityUsealayeredarchitecturewithcriticalassetsintheinnerlayers。感谢阅读—safetyLocalisesafety—criticalfeaturesinasmallnumberofsub-systems.-Availability感谢阅读Includeredundantcomponentsandmechanismsforfaulttolerance。-Maintainability精品文档放心下载Usefine-grain,replaceablecomponents,avoiddatashare谢谢阅读Chapter12DistributedSystemsArchitectures谢谢阅读＊Distributedsystemsarchitectures谢谢阅读-Client-serverarchitectures感谢阅读Distributedserviceswhicharecalledonbyclients.Serversthatprovideservicesaretreateddifferentlyfromclientsthatuseservices。精品文档放心下载—Distributedobjectarchitectures感谢阅读Nodistinctionbetweenclientsandservers。Anyobjectonthesystemmayprovideanduseservicesfromotherobjects。感谢阅读＊Middlewareisusuallyoff—the-shelfratherthanspeciallywrittensoftware。*Layeredapplicationarchitecture精品文档放心下载-PresentationlayerConcernedwithpresentingtheresultsofacomputationtosystemusersandwithcollectinguserinputs.感谢阅读—Applicationprocessinglayer精品文档放心下载Concernedwithprovidingapplicationspecificfunctionalitye.g.，ina精品文档放心下载bankingsystem,bankingfunctionssuchasopenaccount，closeaccount,etc.精品文档放心下载—DatamanagementlayerConcernedwithmanagingthesystemdatabases.感谢阅读*Thinandfatclients—Thin-clientmodelInathin-clientmodel，alloftheapplicationprocessinganddata精品文档放心下载managementiscarriedoutontheserver。Theclientissimplyresponsibleforrunningthepresentationsoftware.精品文档放心下载-Fat-clientmodelInthismodel,theserverisonlyresponsiblefordatamanagement。Thesoftwareontheclientimplementstheapplicationlogicandtheinteractionswiththesystemuser。精品文档放心下载Three-tierarchitecturesA3-tierC/Sarchitecture＊P2Parchitecturalmodels—Peertopeerarchitecturesaredecentralisedarchitectureswherethereisnodistinctionbetweenclientsandservers。谢谢阅读—Thelogicalnetworkarchitecture谢谢阅读Decentralisedarchitectures；谢谢阅读Semi-centralisedarchitectures.Decentralisedp2parchitecture精品文档放心下载Semi—centralisedp2parchitecture谢谢阅读Chapter13Applicationarchitectures精品文档放心下载*Importantclassesofapplicationaredataprocessingsystems，transactionprocessingsystems,eventprocessingsystemsandlanguageprocessingsystem.感谢阅读Dataprocessingsystemsoperateinbatchmodeandhaveaninput—process—outputstructure.精品文档放心下载Chapter14Object—orientedDesign谢谢阅读＊Objectsandobjectclasses谢谢阅读-Objectsareentitiesinasoftwaresystemwhichrepresentinstancesofreal—worldandsystementities。谢谢阅读-Objectsaremembersofclassesthatdefineattributetypesandoperations.感谢阅读—Objectclassesaretemplatesforobjects.Theymaybeusedtocreateobjects。精品文档放心下载—Objectclassesmayinheritattributesandservicesfromotherobjectclasses。谢谢阅读*Use-casemodelsareusedtorepresenteachinteractionwiththesystem.谢谢阅读Chapter16Userinterfacedesign精品文档放心下载*Humanfactorsininterfacedesign感谢阅读-Limitedshort—termmemory感谢阅读Peoplecaninstantaneouslyrememberabout7itemsofinformation。Ifyoupresentmorethanthis,theyaremoreliabletomakemistakes.精品文档放心下载—PeoplemakemistakesWhenpeoplemakemistakesandsystemsg