Cisco Packet Tracer实验8：开放式最短路径优先路由协议OSPF 配置

实验8：开放式最短路径优先路由协议OSPF配置一、实验目的1、练习OSPF动态路由协议的基本配置；2、掌握了解OSPF路由协议原理二、实验环境packettracer5.0三、OSPF协议介绍0SPF（0penShortestPathFirst开放式最短路径优先）是一个内部网关协议（InteriorGatewayProtocol,简称IGP），用于在单一自治系统（autonomoussystem,AS）内决策路由。与RIP相对，OSPF是链路状态路由协议，而RIP是距离向量路由协议OSPF的主要特性如下：适应范围——支持各种规模的网络，最多可支持几千台路由器。快速收敛——在网络的拓扑结构发生变化后立即发送更新报文，使这一变化在自治系统中同步。无自环——OSPF根据收集到的链路状态用最短路径树算法计算路由，从算法上本身保证了不会生成自环路由。OSPF把一个大型网络分割成多个小型网络的能力被称为分层路由，这些被分割出来的小型网络就称为“区域”（Area）。由于区域内部路由器仅与同区域的路由器交换LSA（链路状态广播）信息，这样LSA报文数量及链路状态信息库表项都会极大减少，SPF（ShortestPathFirst最短路径优先算法）计算速度因此得到提高。多区域的OSPF必须存在一个主干区域，主干区域负责收集非主干区域发出的汇总路由信息，并将这些信息返还给到各区域。OSPF区域不能随意划分，应该合理地选择区域边界，使不同区域之间的通信量最小。但在实际应用中区域的划分往往并不是根据通信模式而是根据地理或政治因素来完成的。在OSPF多区域网络中，路由器可以按不同的需要同时成为以下四种路由器中的几种：内部路由器:所有端口在同一区域的路由器，维护一个链路状态数据库。主干路由器：具有连接主干区域端口的路由器。区域边界路由器（ABR）:具有连接多区域端口的路由器，一般作为一个区域的出口。ABR为每一个所连接的区域建立链路状态数据库，负责将所连接区域的路由摘要信息发送到主干区域，而主干区域上的ABR则负责将这些信息发送到各个区域。自治域系统边界路由器（ASBR）:至少拥有一个连接外部自治域网络（如非OSPF的网络）端口的路由器，负责将非OSPF网络信息传入OSPF网络。四、实验步骤：拓扑结构图如下所示:1、配置命令Router5：Router〉enable//进入特权模式Router#configureterminal//进入配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0//配置端口Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0//配置端口Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#routeospf1//启用OSPF协议，ID号为1Router(config-router)#network192.168.0.00.0.0.255area0//发布网络Router(config-router)#network172.16.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#copyrunning-configstartRouter(config)#copyrunning-configstartup-Router(config)#copyrunning-configstartup-cRouter(config)#exit%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrunRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-config//写入启动文件Destinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]Router6：Router>enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.17.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.0.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupnoshutdown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/1Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#routerospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]Router#00:13:29:%0SPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr192.168.2.1onSeriall/1fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDoneRouter3:Router〉enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.18.0.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/0,changedstatetoupnoshutdownRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/1Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.2.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#noshutdownRouter(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial1/1,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#routeospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.1.00:13:29:%0SPF-5-ADJCHG:Process1,Nbr192.168.1.1onSerial1/0fromLOADINGtoFULL,LoadingDone00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network192.168.2.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network172.18.0.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exitRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-C0NFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[0K]

Router4:Router>enableRouter#configureterminalEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#interfaceFastEthernet0/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup%LINEPR0T0-5-UPD0WN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interfaceSerial1/0Router(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.2.2255.255.255.0Router(config-if)#exRouter(config)#routerospf1Router(config-router)#network192.168.2.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#network10.1.1.00.0.0.255area0Router(config-router)#exRouter(config)#ex%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter#copyrRouter#copyrunning-configsRouter#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration...[OK]2、校验、诊断(鉴于篇幅，以下命令均在router6上调试)showipprotocol查看路由器中所启用的路由计算协议：Pouter#showipprotocolPoutingProtocolis"ospf1"Outgoingupdat-efilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetincomingupdat-efilterlist-forallinterfacesisnotsetPouterID192■丄68.1.1Nuiiberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0nssaMaximumpath:4PoutingforNetworks:L3Z..HL0HLHLHLZSSarea.0area0172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0PoutingInformat-ionSourcesNuiiberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0nssaMaximumpath:4PoutingforNetworks:L3Z..HL0HLHLHLZSSarea.0area0172.17.0.00.0.0.255area0PoutingInformat-ionSources:

G-at-ewayListance192.16S.0.1110Last-Update00=19=4011000:19:42Distance:(defaultis110)showipospf:

pQU匸E#mhSTip口m口fRoutingProcess"ospf1"withID19E_168_1_1Suppcrtscnl^rsingleT0S(T0S0)routesSupportsopa^.ieLEASPFscheduledelay5secsHo1dtimebetweent-wnSPFs10secsMiniiLLLiiLLLSAinterval5secs_MiniiLLi_uiiLSAarrival1secsNi.ullLierofexternalLSA0-CheckslullSiull0x000000Ni.ullLierofopai^i.ieASLSA0-Checksi-UiiSlull0x00000UNi-UllLierofDCbit1essexternalaiidopai^ueASLSAUNi.ullLierofDoNotAgeexternalaiidopa^.ieASLSA0Ni.ullLierofareasinthisrouteris1-1noriLLal0sti.iti0nssaExternalf1□odlist丄wngth0直17早玄EJiCKEijMEW)Ni.ullLierofinterfacesinthisareais3-Areahasno~~authenticationSPFalgcritlTDiexecuted1UtiiiiesArearangesareNi.ullLierofLSA4-Checksi.iiLLNi.ullLierofLSA4-opai^ue丄inkLSA0-Ni.ullLieropai^ue丄inkLSA0-Ni.ullLierofDChir.lessLEAUNi.ullLierqfindicationLSA0Ni-UiitiercfDoNctAgeLSA0F1oodlistlenizrt-h0showipospfneighborRouterftshowipospfneighhorNeiglitiijrIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface19Z-16S-0-11FULL/-00:00:36192-168-0-1Seriall/019£_168-Z_11FULL/-00:00:36192-168-1_2Seriall/1showipospfdatabaseP.outer#showipospfdatatiaseP.outer#showipospfdatatiase(PrecessID1JOSPFRouterwithID＞：192_168_1_1J(PrecessID1J(Area0)P.outerLiiikStates(Area0)LinkIDAI：'VP.outerAgeSeq#Checksi-iiLLLink192-16S_1-1L3Z.L68.L-1£70LiKSOOLiULiOSUKOOfeff■5192-168_2_1132-168-2.11633LIK0OOLILIOO50x00c8eki519E-16S-E-Z192-16S_E-216S3LiMSOOLiLiOOSLiM0089Se3192-16S_0-1192-16S_0-1402LIK8LILILIU004UKOOfeff3debugipospfevents开启诊断，nodebugipospfevents关闭诊断D.outer#debugipospfevents0SPFeventsdehuggingison00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:39:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:49:OSPF00:49:£9:OSPF00:49:59:OSPF00:49:S9:OSPF00:43:59:OSPFRouter#D.cvhellofroiLL19E-168-2-1areaufromSeriall./l192-16S_1-EEndi□fhe11□processingD.cvhellofroiLL19£_168_0_1areaUfrmillSeriall/0192-16S-0-1Endcifhe11oprocessingD.cvhellofroiLL19Z-168-Z-1areaufromSeriall/1192-16S_1-2Endijfhe11oprecessingRevhellofroiLL19E_168_0_1areaUfromSeriall/019Z_16S_0-1Endcifhe11oproce^^ini