2021年医院招聘(医疗类)选拨考试英语试卷

#试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZ123试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZ12345678910;1112131415161718192021222324252627282930科Franklyspeaking,yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsome.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.raremistakesingrammar.2021年院内英语选拨考试Notice：1、Thereare6pagesinthisexampaper；Answerallquestions.2、ExamTime:100minutes;3、Nameandrollnumberarewrittenintheappointedplace.PartIIIIIITotal号Marks工PartI(MCQ(1'*30=30')Directions:ThisisanincompletesentenceandfourchoicesmarkedA.,B・,C・andD・・Choosethebestoneofthemtocompletethesentence.1,名A姓humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.DeliberateB.ConsistentC.PrimitiveD.AbnormalThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan'slabour.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortageTmoteB.prevailC.dominateD.exemplifyOneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeenwiththetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.embeddedB.embracedC.integratedD.synthesizedBecauseadegreeformagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemostareasinJapaneselife.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficialItoldhimthatIwouldhimtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.authorizeB.justifyC.rationalizeD.identifySincethecouplecouldnottheirdifferences,theydecidedtogetadivorce.reconcileB.complyC.coincideD.resignEversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeentowardsproducingworkers.harnessedB.hatchedC.motivatedD.gearedHewillresigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonablyAnambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof.urgencyB.dangerC.emergencyD.crisisMrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband'sboathadbeen.wreckedB.collapsedC.decayedD.firedThecountrywasanislandthatenjoyedcivilizedlivingforathousandyearsormorewithlittlefromtheoutsideworld.disturbanceB.discriminationC.irritationD.irregularityThedamagetomycarwasintheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.A.insufficientB.ignorantC.ambiguousD.negligible15.1hopedtogetthehousebutarichmanwasagainstme.A.biddingB.disputingC.bettingD.testifyingThepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbutthedeniedintheareaonthenightofthefire.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.havingbeenD.beTheytoenterthebuildingbythebackdoor;however,thefrontdoorwaslocked.A.weren'tsupposedB.wouldn'tbesupposedC.weresupposedD.wouldbesupposedSoconfusedthathedidn'tknowhowtostarthislecture.A.sincehebecameB.wouldhebecomeC.thathebecameD.didhebecomeSometimes,veryyoungchildrenhavetroublefactfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuch

thingsactuallyexist.A.forseparatingB.toseparateC.havingseparatedD.separatingOncetheyhadfame,fortune,securefutures;isutterpoverty.A.nowthatallisleftB.nowallthatisleftC.nowallwhichisleftD.nowallwhatisleft21.Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledgeourthinking..whichtobebasedonB.whichtobaseupon21.Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledgeourthinking..whichtobebasedonB.whichtobaseupon,uponwhichtobaseD.towhichtobebasedisthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges..ItisthesunandnottheearthB.Beingthesunandnottheearth.ThesunandnottheearthD.Thatthesunandnottheearthiifyoudon'tpayyourtaxes.B.arrestC.arrestedD.beingarrested试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZC22.A号工3・They'llhaveyouA.tobearrested；Susanstoodmotionlessattheendofthedivingboard,handsatherside,heelsslightlyraised,everymuscleAHehasbeenlookingeverywhereforyou,andhestillAaction..anticipatingB.toanticipateC.anticipatedD.havinganticipated.doesB.hasbeenC.hasD.isaction..anticipatingB.toanticipateC.anticipatedD.havinganticipated.doesB.hasbeenC.hasD.is6.1triedtorelaxbecauseIknewIwoulduseupmyoxygensooner.themoreexcitedIgot.andmoreIgotexcitedD.andIgotmoreexcited

togoandseesuchafilm..worthyyouwhileB.worthofwhileC.worthyofwhileD.worthyourwhile8.Allflightsbecauseofthestorm,theydecidedtotakethetrain..havingcanceledB.havingbeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havebeencanceled27.Perhapsitwouldn'tbeA227.Perhapsitwouldn'tbeA2；Arequest.姓A.beopenedB.opensC.isopenedD.willbeopenedIttheoceanwerefreeofice,stormpathswouldmovefurthernorth,Americaofrainfall.A.todepriveB.deprivedC.deprivingD.deprivedtheplainsofNorthPart-II(1.5'*20=30')theplainsofNorthDirections:FillintheblankswiththecapitalizedletterbeforethewordslikeA,B,CorD.31323132333435363738394041424344454647484950this(31)intopractice.Nowtechnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattlebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-seekingkids.Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosocialmediaandtheirmobilephonestosocializewiththeirpeers.Whattheydoonlineoften(32)whattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobilityweren'tsoheavily(33)intheageofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopularinrecentyearsbecauseteensneedaplacetocalltheirown.Theywantthefreedomto(34)theiridentityandtheworldaroundthem.Insteadof(35)out,theyjumponline.Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imaginingallthe(36)dangersthatyouthmightface一from(37)strangerstocruelpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandtherisksof(38)withothers,fearfulparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandblocking.Thesetactics(策略)don'thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecomplexsocialsituations,(39)risksandgethelpwhenthey'reintrouble.“Protecting"kidsmayfeelliketherightthingtodo,butit(40)thelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soakedworld.A.assessB・constrainedC・containsD・exploreE・influenceF・interactingG.interpretationH.magnifiedI.mirrorsJ.philosophyK.potentialL.sneakingM.stickingN.underminesO・violentTheoceanshavealwaysservedasasinkforcarbondioxide,buttheburningoffossilfuelssincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,especiallyoverthelast40years,hasgiventhemmorethantheycan(41)absorb.Theresultisthattheoceansarebecomingacid一achangeinthe(42)balancethatthreatenstheoceans'weboflife.Inearth'shistory,therehavebeenmany(43)ofacidification,mainlyfrom

volcaniceruptions(火山喷发).AccordingtoanewresearchreviewbypaleoceanographersatColumbiaUniversity,publishedinScience,theoceansmaybe(44)acidfarfasterthanatanytimeinthepast300millionyears.Changingsomethingas(45)asthePHofseawaterhasprofoundeffects.Increasedacidityattackstheshellsofshellfishandtheskeletalfoundationofcorals(珊瑚),dissolvingthecalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)they'remadeof.Coralreefsareamongthemostdiverseecosystemsonthecoralsandeveryother(47)theplanet.Oceansacidification(46)thecoralsandeveryother(47)makesitslivingonthereefs.Theauthorstriedtodeterminewhichpastacidificationevents(48)thebestcomparisontowhatishappeningnow.Theclosestanalogiesaredisastrousevents,oftenassociated号ithintensevolcanicactivityresultinginmajorextinctions.Thedifferenceisthatthoseevents(49)工thousandsofyears.Wehaveacidifiedtheoceansinamatterofdecades,withnosignsthatthatwehavethepoliticalwilltoslow,muchlesshalt,the(50)thatA.animals试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZF,episodesK・speciesB・automaticallyC・changingD・chemicalE・coveredG.fundamentalH・offerI・processJ・safelyA.animals试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZF,episodesK・speciesL・threatensM・transmittedN・turningO・urgent51525354555657585960615152535455565758596061626364656667686970Part-ffl(2'*20=40')^Directions:Readthe5passagesfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachofthemtherearefour科h°icesmarkedA・,B・,C・andD・・Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.姓parentfamilies.Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet'sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance一thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.Townsandcitiesbegantosprawlasnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings,"DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot"regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot"partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,"thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000.DrLiu'sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina'sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansixfoldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatlyhumanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatureshumanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyearswildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholdsResearchersstatethat.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamiliesbothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresourcessmallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinlivingTheexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironmentthelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulationtheincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversitytheincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity54.SomeenvironmentalistswarnA54.SomeenvironmentalistswarnA号.thedegradationofpeople'slivingstandardinthenextcentury.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury工.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcenturyD.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZ55.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZ55.ThepassagemainlytellsusthatABC,thedecreaseofanimalpopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld,theplanet'sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds.theplanet'sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds②Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.The)ungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyare)thingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheoneblno名hatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.blno姓Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon'tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn'tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Haven'ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn'tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful".Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure,toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.What'stheoldgeneration'scommentontheyoung?Theyoungaremoreknowledgeablethantheyareabouttheworldaround.Theyoungtreathistoricaleventsasseriouslyastheydo.Theyoungdonotbehavethewaytheydidwhentheywereyoung.Theyoungtendtoruintheirmindstomoreseriousmatters.Theoldpeoplebelievethat.theoldvaluestheyhavekepttoshouldalsochangewiththeadvancingsocietytheyknowmorebecausetheyhaveexperiencedmuchmoreoflifeyoungpeoplearegoodsuccessorstotheiridealsyoungpeopleshouldnotcontinuetolivethewaytheydidTheyoungarechallengingtraditionalvaluesEXCEPTin.clothingfashiontraditionalconceptsfixedworkinghoursmarriagepatternsWecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.theyounggenerationdiffersfromtheoldintheirattitudetowardlifetheyounggenerationseekstopossessmorematerialwealththeoldareregretfulfortheirpastpersonallivesD.theoldhavebeentryingtokeepupwithmodernlifeD.theoldhavebeentryingtokeepupwithmodernlifeshort-termgoalsdirectedtowardaccumulatingnewskillsandexperiencesimportantforthatcareerchoice.试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZsc试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZscfchelpthemunderstandtheirownabilitiesandaspirations,determinecareerpossibilities,andset姓(usuallyshort-term)goals.Inscience,graduatestudentsandnewPh.D.scientistscanuseanIDPtoidentifyandnavigateaneffectivecareerpath.OneimportantaspecttheoldshouldlearnfromtheyoungisthattheyshouldfullyenjoylifeandrejectworriestheyshouldexpectabetterfutureandcherishthehardpasttimetheyshouldtrytointegrateleisureinworktheyshouldlearntoindulgeinmateriallifeTherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia(学术界).Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutside号cademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatent工w.partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere'salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPh.D.scientistshaven'ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there'sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainientistsandtheactualemploymentopportunitiesavailableforthem,andanurgentneedfordramaticimprovementsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap,OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePh.D.studentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan(IDP).、,In2002,theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthat^verypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheranIDPinconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocs.AndinJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)BiomedicalResearchWorkforceWorkingGrouprecommendedthattheNIHrequireIDPsfortheapproximately32,000postdoctoralresearcherstheysupport.Otherfundingagencies,publicandprivate,aremovinginasimilardirection.IDPshavelongbeenusedbygovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectortoachievespecificgoalsrtheemployeeandtheorganization.TheaimistoensurethatemployeeshaveanexplicittooltoAfreeWebapplicationforthispurpose,calledmyIDP,hasbecomeavailablethisweek.It'sdesignedtoguideearly-careerscientiststhroughaconfidential,rigorousprocessofintrospection(内省)tocreateacustomizedcareerplan.Guidedbyexpertknowledgefromapanelofscience-focusedcareeradvisers,eachtrainee'sself-assessmentisusedtorankasetofcareertrajectories(轨迹).Aftertheuserhasidentifiedalong-termcareergoal,myIDPwalksherorhimthroughtheprocessofsettingAlthoughsurveysrevealtheIDPprocesstobeuseful,traineesreportaneedforadditionalresourcestohelpthemidentifyalong-termcareerpathandcompleteanIDP.Thus,myIDPwillbemosteffectivewhenit'sembeddedinlargercareer-developmentefforts.Forexample,universitiescouldincorporateIDPsintotheirgraduatecurriculatohelpstudentsdiscuss,plan,preparefor,andachievetheirlong-termcareergoals.WhatdowelearnaboutnewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStatestoday?Theylacktheskillsandexpertiseneededfortheirjobs.Theycanchoosefromawiderrangeofwell-payingjobs.Theyoftenhavetoseekjobsoutsidetheacademiccircle.Theyareregardedasthenation'sdrivingforceofchange.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'sPh,D.training?Itshouldbeimprovedtobettersuitthejobmarket.Itiscloselylinkedtofuturecareerrequirements.Itshouldbere-orientedtocareersoutsideacademia.Itincludesagreatvarietyofpracticalcourses.WhatwasrecommendedforPh.D.sandpostdoctoralresearchers?Theymeettheurgentneedsofthecorporateworld.Along-termcareergoalbesetasearlyaspossibleAnIDPbemadeinconsultationwithanadviser.Theyacquireanexplicittooltohelpobtainjobs.GovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectoroftenuseIDPsto.bringintofullplaytheskillsandexpertiseoftheirpostdoctoralresearchershelpemployeesmakethebestuseoftheirabilitiestoachievetheircareergoalsplaceemployeesinthemostappropriatepositionshirethemostsuitablecandidatestoworkforthemWhatdoweknowaboutmyIDP?A.Itisaneffectivetoolofself-assessmentandintrospectionforbettercareerplans.Itenablespeopletolookintovariouspossibilitiesandchoosethecareertheylove.Itpromisesalong-termcareerpath.Itispartofthegraduatecurricula.couldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.试考拨选语英内院年1ZDZ④Amidallthejoblosses,there'sonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenow）tjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.Automationisn'tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificial-intelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywas工erformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.“Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collarjobsareunderattackmicroprocessors,"sayseconomicsprofessorEdwardLeamer.Therecessionpermanentlywiped-recessionlevels,meaningtanobout2.5millionjobs.U.S.grossdomesticproducthasclimbedbacktoprewe'reproducingasmuchasbefore,onlywith6%fewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlybkillersoutthere,withoutsourcing（外包）stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.JeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,arguesthatrobotsactuallysave时.S.jobs.Hislogic:companiesthatembraceautomationmightusefewe