人教版（2023）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（Reading+and+Thinking）（分层练习）（含解析）

第第页人教版（2023）选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement（Reading+and+Thinking）（分层练习）（含解析））Unit1PeopleofAchievement（ReadingandThinking）解析

一.阅读理解

A

Oneday，whenAlbertEinsteinwasasmallboy，hisfatherboughthimacompass(指南针)．Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.Einsteinwasverypleasedashelookedatthe“magic”thingturningtowardsnorth.Forhim，thecompasswasnotatoybutanewworld.

Hewasacuriouschildandwouldoftendaydream.Hisfatherwasfuriouswithhimforthebadreportsfromhisteachers.Theytoldhimthattheboywasnotinterestedinhisstudies.Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.

Onleavingschool，hisfatherwantedhimtostudyelectricalengineering.Buthedislikedbecominganengineer.HeenteredtheZurichPolytechnicAcademytopreparehimselfforateachingpositioninmathematicsandphysics.Thoughhefinishedhisstudies，hewasunabletogetajob.

Finally，hegotajobinanoffice.Inhissparetime，hefilledhisnotepaperwithdifficultmathematicalformulas.Someoftheselaterledtogreatscientificdiscoveries.Whentheywerepublished，hebecameafamousscientist.Hecouldnottakehisdailywalkwithoutbeingsurroundedbyreporters.Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.

In1921，EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TheQueenofBelgiuminvitedhimtopayheravisit.Hegotoffthetrainandwalkedtothepalace.Hewasn'twillingtotakethecarsenttopickhimup.WhentheQueenaskedhim，helookedatherwithasmileandanswered，“Itwasaverypleasantwalk.”Einsteindislikedwealth.Peace，hesaid，waswhattheworldneeded，andthatcouldnotbeboughtwithmoney.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦的一些趣事，他从小喜欢幻想，成名以后视名誉和金钱如粪土，却无比热爱和平。

1．WhydidEinstein'sfatherbuyhimacompass

A．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.

B．Tolethimplaywithit.

C．Todevelophisinterestinscience.

D．Tohelphimcreateadreamworld.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.”可知，爱因斯坦的爸爸给他买指南针的目的是让他玩耍。

答案：B

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“furious”inparagraph2mean

A．Familiar.B．Strict.

C．Angry.D．Content.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“thebadreportsfromhisteachers”以及“Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.”可知，爱因斯坦小时候经常做白日梦，对学习不感兴趣，学习成绩很差，他的父亲责备他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父亲从他老师那里得到坏的报告后会很生气，所以furious意为“恼怒的；生气的”。

答案：C

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutEinsteinfromparagraph4

A．Hecaredlittleforfame.

B．Hewasnotgoodattalking.

C．HewaspraisedbytheQueen.

D．Hedidn'tworkasanofficerforlong.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.”可知，爱因斯坦成名之后，仍旧不受干扰，继续工作，说明他对名誉看得很淡。

答案：A

4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext

A．Tointroduceanewtheory.

B．Tocontributetoworldpeace.

C．Torememberagreatscientist.

D．TosharesomeincidentsaboutEinstein.

解析：写作目的题。综合全文可知，本文介绍了有关爱因斯坦的一些趣事，故选D项。

答案：D

B

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience，oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried，someworkedwiththeirhusbands，andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland，MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold，Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheEarth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.

In1891，ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911，thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.

[语篇解读]自古以来，女性就在科学领域做出了巨大贡献，让我们来了解其中的两位吧。

5．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessful

D．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies

解析：细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，认为女性科学家要经历很多艰难才能走向成功。

答案：C

6．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.

A．wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarried

B．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientEarth

C．researchanimalsandtheirbones

D．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants

解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“...forherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.”可知选B。

答案：B

7．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska

A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.

B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.

C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.

D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.

解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知，D项正确。

答案：D

8．What'sthepassagemainlyabout

A．Ancientdiscoveries.

B．Womenscientists.

C．Successfulmarriages.

D．Differentprizes.

解析：主旨大意题。由第一段可知，主要讲述一些女性科学家的经历，文章中的两个例子也体现了这一点。故选B。

答案：B

二.阅读七选五

Onlineeducationisoneofthemanyadvancesthattechnologyhasbroughttous.1It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.However,people'sattitudestowardsonlineeducationaredifferentbasedontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit.

2Traditionaluniversitieshaveopenedupmanyonlinecoursesforstudentswhodonothavethetimetoattendclassesorthemoneytoacceptactualuniversityeducation.Frommusictocooking,wecangetanumberofonlinecoursestolearn.

Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternative(供替代的选择)totraditionalclasses.3Andit,insomeways,increasesthestudyefficiency(效率).Forexample,itsavestimebetweenourschoolandhomesothatwecanhavemoretimetolearn.

Thedisadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitignoresthecommunicationbetweenstudentsandtheteacherandtheirclassmates.Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.4

Onlybymakingfulluseofitsstrengthsandavoidingitsweaknessescanweachievethebiggestbenefit.5Forexample,youcanlearntheoriesonlinewhilelearninghandsonskillsintraditionalclass.

A．Thedifferenceliesinthelearningexperience.

B．Inrecentyears，thereisabiggrowthinonlinelearning.

C．Someskillslikenursingworkmustbelearnedfacetoface.

D．Itmeanswenolongerhavetobephysicallypresentintheclassroom.

E．Combiningonlineeducationwithtraditionaleducationisthebestchoice.

F．Thetraditionaleducationwillbereplacedbyonlinelearninginthefuture.

G．It'sgoodforstudentswithbusyschedulesandforthosewhoareworkingatthesametime.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在线教育的利与弊及其发展。

1．解析：根据空后的“It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.”可知，D项“这意味着我们不再需要出现在教室里(就能学习)”介绍了在线教育的重大突破，符合语境。

答案：D

2．解析：根据空后内容可知，本段介绍了近年来在线教育的增长情况，故B项“近年来，在线教育有了很大的发展”总领该段，符合语境。

答案：B

3．解析：根据空前的“Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternativetotraditionalclasses.”可知，G项“这对课业繁忙的学生和同时工作的学生都有好处”具体说明了在线教育是如何弥补传统教育的不足的，符合语境。

答案：G

4．解析：根据空前的“Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.”可知，C项“有些技能，如护理工作，必须面对面地学习”解释说明了空前内容，符合语境。

答案：C

5．解析：根据空后的例子可知，在线教育应该和传统教育结合起来才能发挥最大作用，故E项“将在线教育与传统教育相结合是最好的选择”符合语境。

答案：EUnit1PeopleofAchievement（ReadingandThinking）原卷

一.阅读理解

A

Oneday，whenAlbertEinsteinwasasmallboy，hisfatherboughthimacompass(指南针)．Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.Einsteinwasverypleasedashelookedatthe“magic”thingturningtowardsnorth.Forhim，thecompasswasnotatoybutanewworld.

Hewasacuriouschildandwouldoftendaydream.Hisfatherwasfuriouswithhimforthebadreportsfromhisteachers.Theytoldhimthattheboywasnotinterestedinhisstudies.Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.

Onleavingschool，hisfatherwantedhimtostudyelectricalengineering.Buthedislikedbecominganengineer.HeenteredtheZurichPolytechnicAcademytopreparehimselfforateachingpositioninmathematicsandphysics.Thoughhefinishedhisstudies，hewasunabletogetajob.

Finally，hegotajobinanoffice.Inhissparetime，hefilledhisnotepaperwithdifficultmathematicalformulas.Someoftheselaterledtogreatscientificdiscoveries.Whentheywerepublished，hebecameafamousscientist.Hecouldnottakehisdailywalkwithoutbeingsurroundedbyreporters.Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.

In1921，EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TheQueenofBelgiuminvitedhimtopayheravisit.Hegotoffthetrainandwalkedtothepalace.Hewasn'twillingtotakethecarsenttopickhimup.WhentheQueenaskedhim，helookedatherwithasmileandanswered，“Itwasaverypleasantwalk.”Einsteindislikedwealth.Peace，hesaid，waswhattheworldneeded，andthatcouldnotbeboughtwithmoney.

B

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience，oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried，someworkedwiththeirhusbands，andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland，MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold，Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheEarth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.

In1891，ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911，thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.

二.阅读七选五

Onlineeducationisoneofthemanyadvancesthattechnologyhasbroughttous.1It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.However,people'sattitudestowardsonlineeducationaredifferentbasedontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit.

2Traditionaluniversitieshaveopenedupmanyonlinecoursesforstudentswhodonothavethetimetoattendclassesorthemoneytoacceptactualuniversityeducation.Frommusictocooking,wecangetanumberofonlinecoursestolearn.

Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternative(供替代的选择)totraditionalclasses.3Andit,insomeways,increasesthestudyefficiency(效率).Forexample,itsavestimebetweenourschoolandhomesothatwecanhavemoretimetolearn.

Thedisadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitignoresthecommunicationbetweenstudentsandtheteacherandtheirclassmates.Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.4

Onlybymakingfulluseofitsstrengthsandavoidingitsweaknessescanweachievethebiggestbenefit.5Forexample,youcanlearntheoriesonlinewhilelearninghandsonskillsintraditionalclass.

A．Thedifferenceliesinthelearningexperience.

B．Inrecentyears，thereisabiggrowthinonlinelearning.

C．Someskillslikenursingworkmustbelearnedfacetoface.

D．Itmeanswenolongerhavetobephysicallypresentintheclassroom.

E．Combiningonlineeducationwithtraditionaleducationisthebestchoice.

F．Thetraditionaleducationwillbereplacedbyonlinelearninginthefuture.

G．It'sgoodforstudentswithbusyschedulesandforthosewhoareworkingatthesametime.

参考答案

阅读理解

A

[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦的一些趣事，他从小喜欢幻想，成名以后视名誉和金钱如粪土，却无比热爱和平。

1．WhydidEinstein'sfatherbuyhimacompass

A．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.

B．Tolethimplaywithit.

C．Todevelophisinterestinscience.

D．Tohelphimcreateadreamworld.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.”可知，爱因斯坦的爸爸给他买指南针的目的是让他玩耍。

答案：B

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“furious”inparagraph2mean

A．Familiar.B．Strict.

C．Angry.D．Content.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“thebadreportsfromhisteachers”以及“Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.”可知，爱因斯坦小时候经常做白日梦，对学习不感兴趣，学习成绩很差，他的父亲责备他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父亲从他老师那里得到坏的报告后会很生气，所以furious意为“恼怒的；生气的”。

答案：C

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutEinsteinfromparagraph4

A．Hecaredlittleforfame.

B．Hewasnotgoodattalking.

C．HewaspraisedbytheQueen.

D．Hedidn'tworkasanofficerforlong.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.”可知，爱因斯坦成名之后，仍旧不受干扰，继续工作，说明他对名誉看得很淡。

答案：A

4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext

A．Tointroduceanewtheory.

B．Tocontributetoworldpeace.

C．Torememberagreatscientist.

D．TosharesomeincidentsaboutEinstein.

解析：写作目的题。综合全文可知，本文介绍了有关爱因斯坦的一些趣事，故选D项。

答案：D

B

[语篇解读]自古以来，女性就在科学领域做出了巨大贡献，让我们来了解其中的两位吧。

5．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccess