宾语从句专项讲解及练习（有答案）

宾语从句专项讲解及练习（有答案）宾语从句一、基本概念定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句e.g.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.介词的宾语从句e.g.Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语e.gIamafraidthathecan'tfinishthework.三、宾语从句用法详解1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即主语+谓语的顺序。如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.注意：在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子：What’sthematter?What’syourtrouble?What’syourproblem?What’sup?What’syourname?典型例题1.Canyoutellme____?A.whomdowehavetoseeB.whomwehavetosee2.Theteacheraskedthestudents____.A.whattheyweredoingB.whatweretheydoing3.Shewantstoknow____.A.wheredoesheliveB.Wherehelives4.Herfatherasked_____.A.whothetallestisB.whoisthetallest5.Doyouknow____?A.whatisonthedeskB.whatonthedeskis答案：BABBA2.宾语从句的时态1）.若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。即从句可用所需任何时态，如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?HesaysMaryisplayingwiththecat.HesaysMaryoftenplayswiththecat.HesaysMarywillplaywiththecat.Ithinkheleftyesterdaymorning.2）.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.注意：直接引语变间接引语时态的变化：Hesaid,“Maryisplayingwiththecat.”→HesaidMarywasplayingwiththecat.Hesaid,“hewillgobacktoChinasoon.”→HesaidhewouldgobacktoChinasoon3）.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Theteachersaid,“themoonmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Hesaid,“lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.【讲解】告诉学生，宾语从句的时态问题仍然只是时态的问题，跟宾语从句其实没啥关系，请不要把这个当作新的知识点来讲，请用时态的知识点来讲。4）.当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。典型例题用所给词的适当形式填空1．Hesaysthathe_________(read)now.2．Canyoutellmeifthey_________(finish)theworkalready？3．DouyouknowwhereJohn________(go)yesterday?4．Mysistertoldmeshe_________(be)freetomorrow.5．Iwantedtoknowifyou__________(like)themovie.6．Theteachertoldustheearth_________(go)aroundthesun.7．Couldyoutellmeifthere__________(be)ahospitalnearhere?答案：isreadinghavefinishedwentwouldbelikedgoes3.宾语从句的连接词1）、That只起连接作用，在句子中不做句子成分，在口语中常被省略2）、If和whether起连接作用，不做句子成分。（注意：与不定式连用；做介词的宾语；与ornot连用-----用whether）。3）、疑问词who、what、when、where、whom、whose、why、how、which在句子中既起连接作用，又做句子成分。4）当主句为Couldyou(please)tellus-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。4..主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Ithinkheisn’tastudent.×Idon’tthinkheisastudent.√Idon’tthinkheisastudent.ishe?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe？典型例题1．Ithinkheisagoodteacher,_____________.（反意疑问句）I_________thinkhe________goodteacher.(将上句变否定句）2．Idon’tknowifhe________(come)tomorrowifhe_______(come),Iwillhaveapartyforhim3．DoyouknowwhenMary____________(arrive)？Whenshe_____(arrive),pleasetellme4．CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?Canyoutellme___________________therailwaystation?答案：isn’thedon’tiswillcomecomeswillarrivearriveshowtogetto5.宾语从句的句型转换1）.陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.2）.一般疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句（将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句if/whether连接，同时变成陈述句语序。）e.g.1.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”Shesaidif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper2.“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.3）.特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句（将普通的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。）e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”HeaskedwhereIlived.2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.4）.祈使句变为引导的宾语从句（将祈使句变为宾语从句时，用ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth等转述。）e.g.1.MrGreensaidtohisson,“Openthedoor.”MrGreentoldhissontoopenthedoor.2.Thepoliceshoutedtohim,“Handsup.”Thepoliceorderedhimtoputuphishands.注意：（一）当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化如下：2）人称的变化(1).直接引语中第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”→Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.(2)．直接引语中第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。Hesaidtolily,“Youhavetogetupearly.”→Hetoldlilythatshehadtogetupearly.(3)．直接引语中第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。Hesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”→Hetoldtometheywantedtohelphim.”【讲解】（口诀：一主，二宾，三不变）典型例题1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)答案：willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeenweredoingtravelsaretalkingwerewrotemoveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid课堂检测Choosethebestanswer.()1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_____in2009.A.wheredoessheliveB.whereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived()2.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame()3.Idon’tknowwhen_____.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave()4.---Wedon’tknow______.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom()5.Doyouknow______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid()6.Iwanttoknow_____.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis()7.Couldyoutellme_____thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend()8.Youcan’timagine_____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited()9.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif______theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad()10.It’suptoyoutodecide______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.whenKeys:1-5.DDBCC6-10.DCBCA四．学法总结宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。【经典】近年上海中考宾语从句真题7.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票)wentdown.(02)CA.talkedB.toldCsaidD.spoke,15.I'dliketoknow(02)A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationCthathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishEveningD50.ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow______.(05)A)whenwouldtheconferencebeginB)whentheconferencewouldbeginC)whenwilltheconferencebeginD)WhentheconferencewillbeginB49.Ourclassteacheraskedthemonitor______.(06)A)whydidn’tBillcometoschoolB)whydoesn’tBillcometoschoolC)whyBilldidn’tcometoschoolD)whyBilldoesn’tcometoschoolC40.I_____youalreadythatwashinghandsoftenwillhelppreventA-H1N1Flu.(09)A)tellB)toldC)havetoldD)amtellingC48.Couldyoupleasetellus________inShanghai?(09)A)whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpoB)whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpoC)whentheWorldExpowillyouvisitD)WhentheWorldExpoyouwillvisitB48.Iwanttoknow__________.(10)A)whenweshouldarriveattheairport.B)Whenshouldwearriveattheairport.C)Whentheairportweshouldarriveat.D)Whentheairportshouldwearriveat.A【经典】近四年一、二模中考真题1.Aftertheaccident,citizensarewonderingabout____________totheseriousevents.（奉贤区一模43）BA.willthegovernmenttakeactionB.howwillthegovernmenttakeactionC.howthegovernmentwilltakeactionD.ifwillthegovernmenttakeaction2.Ifyoutravelaroundtheworld,youwillbesurprisedat________.（徐汇区一模43）AA)howdifferenttheforeigncustomsareB)howtheforeigncustomsaredifferentC)howdifferentaretheforeigncustomsD)howaretheforeigncustomsdifferent3.A:Couldyoutellme______?（嘉定一模43）CB:Sure.Walkstraightalongthisstreetandyouwillfindit.A.howcanIgettothepostofficeB.whereisthepostofficeC.whichisthewaytothepostofficeD.howfaristhepostoffice4.Couldyoutellme?（浦东一模43）DA.howcouldIprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionB.howcanIprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionC.howIcouldprotectmyselffromtheairpollutionD.howIprotectcanmyselffromtheairpollution5.Jack'smotherwondered________.（宝山一模42）BA)howmuchhecostthecomputerB)howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC)howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD)howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer二模1.Annsaidshe_________theresultoftheirgroupdiscussioninthefollowingclass.（普陀二模40）CA.reportsB.reportedC.wouldreportD.hadreported2.Themanageraskedhimifhefortheextraworkthenextweekend.(松江二模38）CA.hadcomeB.willcomeC.WouldcomeD.came3.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow________.（长宁二模43）CA)whichshouldIchooseB)whatshouldIchooseC)whichIshouldcho6seD)whatIshouldchoose4.Thewritertoldthechildrenthatshe_______quiteafewdetectivestoriesinthelastfewyears.（嘉定二模35)DA.wroteB.haswrittenC.waswrittenD.hadwritten5.Ourclassteacheraskedus_________.(嘉定二模43）DA.whydoesn’tSusancomeforthepicnicB.whydidn’tSusancomeforthepicnicC.whySusannotcomeforthepicnicD.whySusandidn’tcomeforthepicnic6.Hi,couldyoupleasetellme________yourfatherhasgonetoSydney?(金山二模43）DA)whenB)howoftenC)howlongD)if7.Charlessaidthathe__________tenniswithJohnthisFridayafternoon（黄浦二模38）DA.playsB.isplayingC.willplayD.wouldplay一模1.Jerrytoldmehe____________onanoldman'seyesinthehospitalthisSunday.A)willoperateB)wouldoperateC)operatedD)hasoperated（虹口区一模41）2.Icouldhardlyunderstand______inclass,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A)whatmyteachersaidB)whatdidmyteachersayC)whathasmyteachersayD)whatmyteacherhassaid（静安区一模34）3.Manystudentsasked________.A)whyweren’ttheyallowedtoplayduringlunchbreakB)whyduringlunchbreakweren’ttheyallowedtoplayC)whytheyduringlunchbreakweren’tallowedtoplayD)whytheyweren’tallowedtoplayduringlunchbreak（徐汇区一模42）4.Themoviestarisafraidthatshewillberecognizedasshe_________attheairport.A.arrivesB.arrivedC.willarriveD.arrive（长宁区一模41）5.Mr.Kingdoesn'tknowwhattime________backhomeyesterdayevening.A.doeshissoncomeB.hissoncomesC.didhissoncomeD.hissoncame（长宁区一模43）2014年一模1—5BADAD一模1.Couldyoutellme_____________?A)whoisheB)ifhewillattendthemeetingtomorrowC)where’sthenearestfastfoodrestaurantD)whathehasreceivedmyChristmascards2.Couldyoutellme?A)whentheplanewilltakeoffB)whenwilltheplanetakeoffC)whentheplanewouldtakeoffD)whenwouldtheplanetakeoff3..Noonecanexactlytelluswhat___________.A)doesMonaLisa’ssmilemeanB)MonaLisa’ssmilemeansC)MonaLisa’ssmiledoesD)doesMonaLisa’ssmile4.A:Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme________?B:Yes.It’sat123XinhuaRoad,justnearthedowntown.A)wheretheStarHotelisB)wheretheStarHotelwasC)howgettotheStarHotelD)howcanIgettotheStarHotel5..Couldyoutellme________findanotherinterestingdetectivestorytoread?A)whereIcanB)wherecanIC)whereIcouldD)wherecouldI1—5BABAA二模1.Didyouaskthem________?A.whenaretheygoingtosetoutB.whentheyaregoingtosetoutC.whenweretheygoingtosetoutD.whentheyweregoingtosetout2.Quiteafewcitizenswondered________.A)howcouldtheyprotectthemselvesfromtheairpollutionB)howtheycouldprotectthemselvesfromtheairpollutionC)howfromtheairpollutioncouldtheyprotectthemselvesD)howtheyfromtheairpollutioncouldprotectthemselves3.Couldyoutellme________lateforthemeetingyesterday?(长宁)A.whywereyouB.whyyouwereC.whyareyouD.whyyouare4.—Couldyoutellme________youdiditsowell?(虹口)—Withmyparents’help.A)whoB)howC)whenD)what5.A:Showmethemap,please.Iwonder________.(宝山、嘉定)B:Look,it'shere,intheeastofChina,nearTaiwanProvince.A)whereisDiaoyuIslandB)whereisDiaoyuIslandlocatedC)wheredoesDiaoyuIslandlieD)whereDiaoyuIslandislocated6.Couldyoutellme________justnow?(静安、青浦)A)whereheputshiscupB)wherehadheputhiscupC)whereheputhiscupD)wheredidheputhiscup1—5DBBBD6C一模1.Wouldyoupleasetellme?（崇明县）A.whenwillwehaveanEnglishexamB.whenwewillhaveanEnglishexamC.whenwouldwehaveanEnglishexamD.whenwewouldhaveanEnglishexam2.Couldyoutellme?（嘉定区）A.whenwillthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingB.whenthenextbullettrainwillleaveforNanjingC.whenwouldthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingD.whenthenextbullettrainwouldleaveforNanjing3.—Couldyoutellmetomorrowevening?（卢湾区）——Well,itwillstartat9o'clock.A.whenthefilmwillstartB.whenwillthefilmstartC.whenthefilmwouldstartD.whenwouldthefilmstart4.Jack'smotherwantstoknow.A.whenwillJackcomebackB.whenJackwillcomebackC.whenwouldJackcomebackD.whenJackwouldcomeback5.Iwonder.（杨浦区）A.whentheuniversitycampusinChinaopenstothepublicB.whenwilltheuniversitycampusinChinaopentothepublicC.whenwouldopentheuniversitycampusinChinatothepublicD.whentheuniversitycampusinChinawillopentothepublic6.Theoldladycouldn’tremember.（静安区）A.whereshehadputherglassesB.wherehadsheputherglassesC.wheresheputsherglassesD.wheredidsheputherglasses7.I’dliketoseeyouoffattheairport.Couldyoutellme_______?（长宁区）A.whenyourplanetookoffB.whendidyourplanetakeoffC.whenyourplanetakesoffD.whendoesyourplanetakeoff8.Jack'smotherwantstoknow.(青浦区)A.whenwillJackcomebackB.whenJackwillcomebackC.whenwouldJackcomebackD.whenJackwouldcomeback答案：1—5BBABD6—8ACB二模1.Hedidn'ttellus______.（宝山）A.ifhewillgiveusalecture,B.whetherhewouldgowithyouC.whenwouldhestartD.whenhewillarrive2.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellus__________?（长宁）A.howcanwegettotheairportB.howwecangettotheairportC.howcouldwegettotheairportD.howwecouldgettotheairport3.Nobodyknows________playerwillwinthegameuntilthelastmoment.（黄浦）A.whichB.whenC.howD.where4.Ididn’tunderstand__________inclass,soIraisedmyhand.（静安）AwhatmyteachersaidBwhatdidtheteachersayCwhatdoesmyteachersayDwhatmyteachersays5.Amoment,please.I'mcheckingifMr.Smith_________freetomorrow.（闵行）A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen6.Theteacherdidn'tknow_______.（青浦）A.whentheschoolplaygroundopenstothepublicB.whenwilltheschoolplaygroundopentothepublicC.whenwouldtheschoolplaygroundopentothepublicD.whentheschoolplaygroundwouldopentothepublic7.Myfriendtoldmethathetovisithisoldgrandpathenextweek.（松江）A.wentB.willgoC.wouldgoD.hadgone8.Nobodyhastoldus______.（徐汇）A.whatwillwediscussattoday’smeetingB.whatwewillattoday’smeetingdiscussC.whatwewilldiscussattoday’smeetingD.whatattoday’smeetingwillwediscuss9.Couldyoutellme________yesterdayafternoon?（杨浦）A.whentheschoolsportsmeetingendedB.whendidtheschoolsportsmeetingendC.whenendedtheschoolsportsmeetingD.whentheschoolsportsmeetingdidend答案：1-5BBAAB6-9DCCA一模汇编1.A:Couldyoupleasetellus?B:Certainly.（宝山）A.wheredoesJanelivesB.whoisJanewaitingforC.whoJaneiswaitingforD.whereJanelivesin2.Thestudentswanttoknow.（长宁）A.whenwilltheyhavethefinalexaminationB.whentheywillhavethefinalexaminationC.w