直接引语和间接引语最全讲解

直接引语和间接引语（DirectSpeechandindirectSpeech）关键词：英语语法,，直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语）MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。1） 人称的变化a） Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.'他说："我非常喜欢它。”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它。b） Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。2） 时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句直接引语-----间接引语一般现在时----一般过去时Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.现在进行时——过去进行时Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时—过去完成时Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.一般过去时-----过去完成Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.过去完成时不变Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.3） 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：变化例句直接引语----间接引语this---that这个—那个Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.these----those这些=那些Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Now—then现在—那时Hesaid,"ItisnineO'clocknow."Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen.Today---thatday今天…那天Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.yesterday thedaybefore昨天…前一天shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow——thenext(following)day明天----第二天shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.here----there这里…那里come----go来----去注：(1)直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语变间接引语。见下表。分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词：that(口语中常常省略)Hesays,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.Hesaid,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."--Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.Hesaidtome,"youcanhelpher."--Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词：that人称：1主，2宾，3不变时态。1.黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。2•间接引语部分均为陈述语序。间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句，连接词之间的叫主句。当主句是一般现在时态，间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。当主句是一般过去时态，间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。连接词：if或者whether.可译为：是否Heaskedme,"Areyougoodatmath?'---HeaskedmeifIwasgoodatmath.HeaskedAmy,“Doyouloveme?"---HeaskedAmywhethershelovedhim.Heasksme,"Isshereading?"---Heasksmeifsheisreading.1.连接词：if,whether语序：改为“陈述语序”。(去掉：Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置)人称：1主，2宾，3不变时态。当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。连接词：直接引语中的特殊疑问词。Heaskedhiswife,"Howareyou?"---Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.Heaskedme,"Whatcolordoyoulike?"---HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.Heasksme,"wherewillshego3dayslater."---Heasksmewhereshewillgo3dayslater.1.连接词：特殊疑问词语序：改为“陈述语序”。(去掉：Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置)人称：1主，2宾，3不变时态。当直接引语为"祈使句"时没有连接词。用：ask(tell)sb.todosth改写。或tell(ask)sb.nottodosth.改写HesaidtoAmy,"Becareful!"--HeaskedAmytobecareful.Heshouted,"Lily,Closethedoor."--HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.Hesaidtome,"Don'tbelate."--Heaskedmenottobelate.1.不用连接词不改变时态。无须考虑语序人称：1主，2宾，3不变1.斜体部分为间接引语部分。2•间接引语部分是动词不定式，在句中作宾语补足语。重点概括：直接引语变间接引语有着时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语的变化。1.时态变化：直接引语：一般现在时间接引语：一般过去时直接引语：现在进行时间接引语：过去进行时直接引语：一般将来时间接引语：过去将来时直接引语：现在完成时间接引语：过去完成时直接引语：一般过去时间接引语：过去完成时2•人称变化：SheaskedJack,"Wherehaveyoubeen?"SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.指示代词的变化：thisthat；thesethoseHesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.时间状语的变化：nowthen；todaythatday；yesterdaythedaybefore；tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayMyfathersaid,"Iworkedheretwentyyearsago."Myfathersaidthathehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbefore.地点状语的变化：Here---thereHeaskedme,"HowcanIgethere?"Heaskedmehowhecouldgetthere.直接引语变间接引语的句式变化：1陈述句：间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。—般疑问句：间接引语用if或whether,said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。特殊疑问句：间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导，句子用陈述句语序。语法知识归纳直接引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法：要将祈使句动词原形变为带“to”的不定式，并且在不定式的前面根据意思加上tell,ask,order等词，如果是否定式，不定式前面加"not"。"Openthewindow,"theteachersaidtotheboy.Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow."Tellhimtocomein,"thebosssaidtothesecretary.Thebosstoldthesecretarytotellhimtocomein."Don'tleavethedooropen,"hesaid.Hetoldusnottoleavethedooropen.直接引语变间接引语“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."—Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"—HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"—MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：Shesaid."IhavelostapenJShesaidshehadlostapenShesaid."Wehopeso.JShesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend。"—Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.—Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheeartho直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"—JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril21,1980"—XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"—Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto和已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could,should,would,might)不再变。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetodayo"—PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、 如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由"现在”改为“原来”(例：now变为then,yesterday。变为thedaybefore)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例：this改为that)，如：Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."—Hesaidthosebookswerehis.四、 如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."—Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"—Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell（ask,order,beg等）sb（not）todosth.'句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.—Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.—Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用'suggest+动句词（或从句）。”如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）直接引语变为间接引语时，需要注意以下变化：♦人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的主语的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：直接引语的主语变为间接引语后第一人称与主句的主语致第二人称与主句的宾语致第三人称不变♦时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应进行如下变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时I过去完成时I♦指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere时间状yesterdaythedaybefore动词comegotodaythatday指示代词thisthattomorrowthenextdaythesethoseagobefore.注意事项如果主句为一般现在时或将来时态，间接引语的时态不变。如果在当地转述，here不改为there,come也不改为go。如果在当天转述，today,tomorrow或yesterday等不改变。如果转述的是自然现象、客观存在的规律等，间接引语的时态不变直接引语变间接引语练习题将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat never meat.“I'vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He methathe wallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat ithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun intheeastand downinthewest.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHe methathe mettheday .“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI togo beforefive.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe boughtthehouse10years .“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He Ihadseenhertheweek .Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He Jimthathe sitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother foundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme been days.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked knewwhereshe .“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He thechildren makingsomuchnoise.14・“Don'ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He Iwasinterestdin .参考答案】

1.he,ate3.she,had,taken1.he,ate3.she,had,taken5.told,had,before7.had,before9.told,could4.rise,goes6.had,there8.asked,if[whether],beforewhere,I,had,thoseif[whether],I,livedtold,to,stopnot,to,tellhow,she,hadwhere,I,had,thoseif[whether],I,livedtold,to,stopnot,to,tellasked,if[whether],that直接引语和间接引语用法精讲引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."—Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"—HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"—MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."—ShesaidshehadlostapenShesaid."Wehopeso.JShesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend。"—Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.—Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"—JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"—XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"—Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could,should,would,might)不再变。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"—PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、 如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由'现在”改为“原来”(例：now变为then,yesterday。变为thedaybefore)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例：this改为that),如：Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."—Hesaidthosebookswerehis.四、 如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."—Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven„tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"—Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.—Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.—Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引语如果是以“Let„s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。”如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.［附］直接引语和间接引语正误例析“SpeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass，”ourEnglishteachersaidtous.OurEnglishteachersuggestedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.（误）OurEnglishteachertold/askedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.（正）OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe（should）speakEnglishmoreoftenin