(完整word版)在职攻读硕士英语阅读理解

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语阅读理解（一）Passage1Themostfundamentalgrouptowhichapersonbelongsisthefamily.Theinstitutionofthefamilyexistsinalmosteveryhumanculture.Itisconsideredbybehavioralscientiststobeoneoftheoldestinstitutionsinhumanhistory.Thefamilyunitservesmanyimportantfunctions.Theperformanceofthesefunctionsisthereasonforthefamilyimportance.Aboveall,thefamilyservesasamechanismofspeciessurvival.Familiesalsohaveimportanteconomicfunctions.Inprimitivesocieties,thetasksofgatheringfoodandprovidingshelterweredividedamongfamilymember.Today,bothhusbandandwifemayworkandsharethedutiesofhomemakingandchildrearing.Inadditiontoitssurvivalandeconomicfunctions,thefamilygivesitsmemberssocialstatus.Inmanysocieties,apersonisnotconsideredacompletememberuntilhehasmarriedandproducedchildren.Finally,thefamilyhelpstomeetthebasicemotionalneedsofapersonthroughtheloveandsupportreceivedfromparents,siblings兄(弟或姐妹),andrelatives.1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefamilyhaschangedgreatlyovertime.B.Manyofthefunctionsofthefamilytodayarebeingperformedbygovernmentagencies.C.Themostimportantroleforthefamilyistogatherfood.D.Thefamilyhasservedmanyusefulfunctionsthroughouthistory.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanexampleoftheroleofthefamilyingivenstatus?A.Achildistaughttorespecthiselders.B.Acoupleworksforseveralyearstosaveforthepurchaseofahome.C.Apoliticianmakesacampaigncommercialwithhisfamily.D.Amothercomfortsachildafterheskinshisknee.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthefamilyis_____.A.undergoingmanychangesB.theonlyusefulsocialinstitutionC.likelytoexistinfuturesocietiesD.notthesametodayasitwasinthepast4.Asitisusedinthesecondparagraphofthepassage,theword“mechanism”means______.A.partsofanorganismorsystemwhichworktogetherB.racialgroupunitedbylanguage,religion,customs,etc.C.thepeoplelivinginoneplace,districtorcountry,consideredasawhole

D.aworkerskilledinusingorrepairingmachinesortools5.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,youcaninferthatthepassageis_____.A.aboutthefamily’smechanismofspeciessurvivalB.aboutthesocial,economic,andemotionalusefulnessofthefamilythroughouthumanhistoryC.aboutdutiesofthefamilysharedbybothhusbandandwifeD.abouttheemotionalneedsreceivedfromparents,siblings,andrelationsPassage2IntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:00p.m.Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,heassumesit’samatteroflifeanddeath.Thetimechosenforthecallcommunicatesitsimportance.Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheUSAgueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently;promptness(准时)isvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheUSnoonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessfriendwaitingforanhour;itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslateisexpectedtomakeashortapology.Ifheislessthan5minuteslate,hewillsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.1.“Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:00p.m.”Here“attached”means_____.A.takenB.drawnC.givenD.shown2.Supposingonewantstomakeatelephonecallatmidnight,thiswouldmean_____.A.thematterislessimportantB.thematterissomewhatimportantC.thematterrequiresimmediateattentionD.itisamatterofcriticalimportance3.Accordingtothispassage,timeplaysanimportantrolein_____.A.everydaylifeB.privatelife

C.communicationsD.transmission4.Thebesttitleforthispassageis____.A.TheChoicesofTimeB.TheSavingofTimeC.TheImportanceofanAnnouncementD.TimeandTideWaitforNoMan5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorofthearticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?A.ItisappropriatetosendyourinvitationcardsthreeorfourdaysbeforeadinnerpartydateintheUS.B.Itmaybeappropriatetosendyourinvitationcardstoyourgueststhreeorfourdaysbeforeadinnerpartydateinsomecultures.C.Itisbestforonetomaketelephonecallsatnightbecauseitcostsmuchless.D.Ifoneislessthan5minuteslate,hehastomakeashortapology.Passage3Populationstendtogrowatanexponential(指数的)rate.Thismeansthattheyprogressivelydouble.Asanexampleofthistypeofgrowthrate,takeonepennyanddoubleiteverydayforonemonth.Afterthefirstweekyouwouldhaveonly64cents,butafterthefourthweekyouwouldhaveovermilliondollars.Thishelpsexplainwhythepopulationhascomeon“allofasudden”.Ittookfromthebeginningofhumanlifetotheyear1830forthepopulationoftheearthtoreachonebillion.Thatrepresentsatimespanofatleasttwomillionyears.Thenittookfrom1830to1930forworldpopulationtoreach2billion.Thenextbillionwasaddedby1960,onlythirtyyears,andin1979worldpopulationreached4billion,whichisanotherbillionpeopleinonlyfifteenyears.Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof9000perhour,220000perday,80millionperyear.Thisisnotonlyduetohighbirthrates,buttolowerdeathratesaswell.Thenumberofbirthshasnotdeclinedatthesamerateasthenumberofdeaths.Somecountries,suchasColombia,Thailand,Morocco,CostaRica,andthePhilippines,aredoublingtheirpopulationsabouteverytwenty-oneyears,withagrowthrateof3.3percentayearormore.TheUnitedStatesisdoublingitspopulationabouteveryeighty-sevenyears,witharateof0.8percentperyear.Everytimeapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceasmuchofeverything,includinghospitals,schools,resources,foodandmedicinestocareforitspeople,itiseasytoseethatthisisverydifficulttoachieveforthemorerapidlygrowingcountries.1.Thispassagechieflydiscusses______.A.thegrowthofworldpopulationinrecentyearsB.onetypeoftheexponential(指数的)rateC.thepopulationproblemofthemorerapidlygrowingcountriesD.thepossiblewaysofdealingwiththerapidpopulationgrowth2.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstoexplainwhythepopulationproblemhascomeon“allofasudden”?

A.Thepennywhichdoublesitselfeverydayforonemonth.B.Thetimespanofatleasttwomillionyears