雅思阅读模拟试卷1(含答案)

PAGEPAGE1READINGREADINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.SleepmedicationlinkedtobizarrebehaviourNewevidencehaslinkedacommonlyprescribedsleepmedicationwithbizarrebehaviours，includingacaseinwhichawomanpaintedherfrontdoorinhersleep.UKandAustralianhealthagencieshavereleasedinformationabout240casesofoddoccurrences，includingsleepwalking，amnesiaandhallucinationsamongpeopletakingthedrugzolpidem.Whiledoctorssaythatzolpidemcanoffermuch-neededreliefforpeoplewithsleepdisorders，theycautionthatthesenewlyreportedcasesshouldpromptacloserlookatitspossiblesideeffects.Zolpidem，soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien，StilnoctandStilnox，iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.Variousformsofthedrug，madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis，wereprescribed674，500timesin2005intheUK.AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.MidnightsnackInoneofthesesleepwalkingcasesapatientwokewithapaintbrushinherhandafterpaintingthefrontdoortoherhouse.Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved，”accordingtothereport.TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency，meanwhile，hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2001to2005.ThenewlyreportedcasesintheUKandAustraliaaddtoagrowinglistofbizarresleepwalkingepisodeslinkedtothedruginothercountries，includingreportsofpeoplesleep-drivingwhileonthemedication.Inonecase，atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.HypnoticeffectsThereisnobiologicalpathwaythathasbeenproventoconnectzolpidemwiththesebehaviours.Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnoticthatpromotesdeepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid.Whilepartsofthebrainbecomelessactiveduringdeepsleep，thebodycanstillmove，makingsleepwalkingapossibility.Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects，includinghallucinations，sleepwalkingandnightmares，aremorelikelyintheelderly，andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.Patientadvocacygroupssaytheywouldlikegovernmenthealthagenciesanddrugcompaniestotakeacloserlookatthepossiblerisksassociatedwithsleepmedicines.Theystressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscanhaveriskyconsequences.“Whenpeopledosomethinginwhichthey’renotinfullcontrolit’salwaysadanger，”saysVeraSharavoftheNewYork-basedAllianceforHumanResearchProtection，aUSnetworkthatadvocatesresponsibleandethicalmedicalresearchpractices.Triedandtested“Themorereportsthatcomeoutaboutthepotentialsideeffectsofthedrug，themoreresearchneedstobedonetounderstandifthesearerealsideeffects，”sayssleepresearcherKennethWrightattheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder，US.Millionsofpeoplehavetakenthedrugwithoutexperiencinganystrangesideeffects，pointsoutRichardMillmanatBrownMedicalSchool，directoroftheSleepDisordersCenterofLifespanHospitalsinProvidence，RhodeIsland，US.Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications，zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained：somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.Doctorsstressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.TheUSFood&DrugAdministrationsaysitiscontinuingto"activelyinvestigate"andcollectinformationaboutcaseslinkingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects.TheAmbienlabelcurrentlylistsstrangebehaviourasa“specialconcern”forpeopletakingthedrug.“It’sapossiblerareadverseevent，”saysSanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann，addingthatthestrangesleepwalkingbehaviours“maynotnecessarilybecausedbythedrug”butinsteadresultfromanunderlyingdisorder.Shesaysthat“thesafetyprofile[ofzolpidem]iswellestablished”.ThedrugreceivedapprovalintheUSin1993.Questions1-6DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgivenintheReadingPassage1？Inboxes1-6onyouranswersheetwriteTRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassageFALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassageNOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage1.Ambien，StilnoctandStilnoxarebrandnamesofonesamedrugtreatinginsomnia.2.Thewoman’sobesityproblemwasn’tresolveduntilshestoppedtakingzolpidem.3.ZolpidemreceivedapprovalintheUKin2001.4.ThebizarrebehaviourofapassengeraftertakingzolpidemresultedinthediversionofaflightboundfortheothersideoftheAtlantic.5.Zolpidemistheonlysleepmedicationthatdoesn’tcauseaddiction.6.Thesleep-drivingoccurrenceresultedfromthewronguseofzolpidembyanofficeworker.Question7-9ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-DandWritetheminboxes7-9onyouranswersheet.7.HowmanycasesofbizarrebehavioursaredescribedinanofficialreportfromAustralia？A.68B.104C.182D.2408.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedintheproductinformationaboutzolpidem？A.Treatmentshouldbestoppedifsideeffectsoccur.B.Medicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.C.Adverseeffectsaremorelikelyintheelderly.D.Sideeffectsincludenightmares，hallucinationsandsleepwalking.9.Whoclaimedthatthesafetydescriptionofzolpidemwaswellestablished？A.KennethWrightB.MelissaFeltmannC.RichardMillmanD.VeraSharavQuestions10-13AnswerthefollowingquestionswithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSeachinboxes10-13.10.HowmanytimeswasFrench-madezolpidemprescribedin2005inBritain？11.Whatkindofhypnoticiszolpidemasadrugwhichpromotesdeepsleepinpatients？12.Whatcansleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscauseaccordingtopatientadvocacygroups？13.WhatUSadministrationsaysthatithasbeeninvestigatingthecasesrelatingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects？READINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.Questions14-19

Thispassagehas7paragraphsA-G.

Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.

Writethecorrectnumberi-ixinboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

i.Howdoestorcetrapibwork?

ii.Contradictoryresultpriortothecurrenttrial

iii.Onefailuremaypossiblybringaboutfuturesuccess

iv.Thefailuredoesn’tleadtototallossofconfidence

v.Itistherightroutetofollow

vi.Whyit’sstopped

vii.Theymaycombineandtheoreticallyproduceidealresult

viii.What’swrongwiththedrug

ix.ItmightbewrongatthefirstplaceExampleanswer

ParagraphAiv

14．ParagraphB

15．ParagraphC

16．ParagraphD

17．ParagraphE

18．ParagraphF

19．ParagraphGWhydidapromisingheartdrugfail?

Doomeddrughighlightscomplicationsofmeddlingwithcholesterol．

A．Thefailureofahigh-profilecholesteroldrughasthrownaspotlightonthecomplicatedmachinerythatregulatescholesterollevels．Butmanyresearchersremainconfidentthatdrugstoboostlevelsof'good'cholesterolarestilloneofthemostpromisingmeanstocombatspirallingheartdisease．

B．DrugcompanyPfizerannouncedon2Decemberthatitwascancellingallclinicaltrialsoftorcetrapib，adrugdesignedtoraiseheart-protectivehigh-densitylipoproteins(HDLs)．Inatrialof15000patients，asafetyboardfoundthatmorepeoplediedorsufferedcardiovascularproblemsaftertakingthedrugplusacholesterol-loweringstatinthanthoseinacontrolgroupwhotookthestatinalone．

C．Thenewscameasakickintheteethtomanycardiologistsbecauseearliertestsinanimalsandpeoplesuggesteditwouldlowerratesofcardiovasculardisease．"Therehavebeennoredflagstomyknowledge，"saysJohnChapman，aspecialistinlipoproteinsandatherosclerosisattheNationalInstituteforHealthandMedicalResearch(INSERM)inPariswhohasalsostudiedtorcetrapib．"Thiscancellationcameasacompleteshock．"

D．TorcetrapibisoneofthemostadvancedofanewbreedofdrugsdesignedtoraiselevelsofHDLs，whichferrycholesteroloutofartery-cloggingplaquestotheliverforremovalfromthebody．Specifically，torcetrapibblocksaproteincalledcholesterolestertransferprotein(CETP)，whichnormallytransfersthecholesterolfromhigh-densitylipoproteinstolowdensity，plaque-promotingones．Statins，incontrast，mainlyworkbyloweringthe'bad'low-densitylipoproteins．

Underpressure

E．Researchersarenowtryingtoworkoutwhyandhowthedrugbackfired，somethingthatwillnotbecomeclearuntiltheclinicaldetailsarereleasedbyPfizer．Onehintliesinevidencefromearliertrialsthatitslightlyraisesbloodpressureinsomepatients．Itwasthoughtthatthismildproblemwouldbeoffsetbytheheartbenefitsofthedrug．Butitispossiblethatitactuallyprovedfatalinsomepatientswhoalreadysufferedhighbloodpressure．Ifbloodpressureistheexplanation，itwouldactuallybegoodnewsfordrugdevelopersbecauseitsuggeststhattheproblemsarespecifictothiscompound．OtherprototypedrugsthatarebeingdevelopedtoblockCETPworkinaslightlydifferentwayandmightnotsufferthesamedownfall．

F．ButitisalsopossiblethatthewholeideaofblockingCETPisflawed，saysMotiKashyap，whodirectsatherosclerosisresearchattheVAMedicalCenterinLongBeach，California．WhenHDLsexcretecholesterolintheliver，theyactuallyrelyonLDLsforpartofthisprocess．SoinhibitingCETP，whichpreventsthetransferofcholesterolfromHDLtoLDL，mightactuallycauseanabnormalandirreversibleaccumulationofcholesterolinthebody．"You'reblockingaphysiologicmechanismtoeliminatecholesterolandeffectivelyconstipatingthepathway，"saysKashyap．

Goingup

G．Mostresearchersremainconfidentthatelevatinghighdensitylipoproteinslevelsbyonemeansoranotherisoneofthebestroutesforhelpingheartdiseasepatients．ButHDLsarecomplexandnotentirelyunderstood．Oneapproveddrug，calledniacin，isknowntobothraiseHDLandreducecardiovascularriskbutalsocausesanunpleasantsensationofheatandtingling．Researchersareexploringwhethertheycanbypassthissideeffectandwhetherniacincanlowerdiseaseriskmorethanstatinsalone．Scientistsarealsoworkingonseveralothermeanstobumpuphigh-densitylipoproteinsby，forexample，introducingsyntheticHDLs．"Theonlythingweknowisdeadinthewateristorcetrapib，notthewholeideaofraisingHDL，"saysMichaelMiller，directorofpreventivecardiologyattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter，Baltimore．

Questions20-26Matchtorcetrapib，HDLs，statinandCETPwiththeirfunctionsWritethecorrectletterA,B,CorDinboxes20-26onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

20．Ithasbeenadministeredtoover10,000subjectsinaclinicaltrial.

21．Itcouldhelpridhumanbodyofcholesterol.

22．Researchersareyettofindmoreaboutit.

23.Itwasusedtoreducethelevelofcholesterol.

24.AccordingtoKashyap,itmightleadtounwantedresultifit’sblocked.

25.Itproducedcontradictoryresultsindifferenttrials.

26.ItcouldinhibitLDLs.

Listofchoices

A.Torcetrapic

B.HDLS

C.Statin

D.CETPREADINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.Seekinganenergyholytrinity1NEELIEKROES,theEuropeanUnion'scompetitioncommissioner,didnotminceherwordswhenreportingonEurope'senergymarketsonWednesdayJanuary10th.Europe'senergyfirmshavefailedtoinvestinnetworksandsocustomersaresuffering.Those“verticallyintegrated”energycompaniessuchasElectricitédeFrance(EDF)orGermany'sE.ON,widelydubbedas“nationalchampions”,areeffectivelybehavinglikelocalmonopolies.Shyofcompetition,eagerforartificiallyhighprices,theyarehelpingtoblocktheefficientgeneration,transmissionanddistributionofenergyonthecontinent.2EnergypricesvarywildlyacrossEurope.MsKroeswantstoseecheaperenergy,andintendstopushsupplierstodivesttheirdistributionnetworkandtogetthemtoinvestmoreintransportationsystemssothatmoreenergy—intheformofgas,orelectricity,forexample—canfloweasilyoverborders.Itisremarkablyhard,forexample,forgas-poorGermanytoimportfromtheneighbouring,gas-richNetherlands.Companiesthatdominatenationalmarketshave,sofar,hadlittleinterestinimprovingtheinterconnectionswhichwouldmeanlowerpricesforconsumersacrossthecontinent.3MsKroes,ofcourse,willstruggletogetherway.TheEuropeanCommission,whichonthesamedaypresenteditsrecommendationforimprovingEUenergypolicy,alsowantstoseetheunbundlingofownership,thelegalseparationofenergysuppliersandtransporters,somethingthattheintegratedenergycompaniesandinterestedgovernments,notablyinFranceandGermany,areboundtoopposeferociously.4ComplicatingthematterisanargumentoverthesecurityofenergysupplyinEurope.MuchhasbeenmadeoftheriskforwesternEuropeofdependingtooheavilyonRussianexportsofgas.RussiaunderVladimirPutinispronetousingenergyexportsasablunttoolofforeignpolicy,especiallywhentryingtobullycountriesinitshinterland.LastyearRussiainterruptedgasdeliveriestoUkraine,affectingsuppliesincentralandwesternEuropetoo.ThisweekitblockedoilexportspassingviaBelarustoEurope,thoughthatspatwassoonresolved.5TheriskisthatconcernsaboutsecurityofsupplymaybeusedspuriouslybythoseinEuropewhoopposethesortofliberalisationencouragedbyMsKroes.ThelikesofE.ONandEDFmayclaimthatonlyprotectednationalchampionsareabletosecuresupply,bystrikinglong-termdealswithpowerfulforeignsuppliers.TheCommissiondisagrees.Suchdealsaretoooftenpoliticallymotivatedandfarfromtransparent.Protectionhasbeentriedforlongenoughandevidentlyhasnotworkedfortheinternalmarket,norhavethesecompaniessecuredthebestdealsforconsumersfromtheRussians.6Incontrast,theCommission'snewpolicyproposes,ideally,abreak-upofthesecompaniesintosuppliersanddistributors.(Asasecondbestsolution,especiallyforFranceandGermany,itrecommendsthemanagementofthenetworksbyathirdparty.)ProperlyindependentmanagersofEurope'senergynetworkswouldhaveastrongincentivetobuildinterconnectingpipelinesandpowerlinesacrossborders.Forthegasmarketanothermeansofensuringcompetitionandsecuritywouldbefindingamorediverserangeofsuppliers,forexamplebybuildingmoreterminalsfortheimportofliquifiednaturalgas.Itwouldalsobelikelytomeanlowerprices,iftheexampleofliberalisedBritainoverthepasttenyearsisanythingtogoby.7Whetheranyofthisislikelytohappensoon,however,isanothermatter.TheCommissionisalsocallingforEuropeangovernmentstoagreeonacommonefforttoreducecarbonemissionsbyatleast20%by2020(comparedwith1990levels).IfAmericaiswillingtoplayball,theCommissionproposestoreduceemissionsbyasmuchas30%.Achievingeithertargetwouldmeanpromotingcleanercars,amoreeffectiveemissions-tradingsystemforEurope,wideruseofpublictransportandasharpincreaseintheuseofrenewablesourcesofenergy,likewindandsolarpower.Allthatislaudableenough,butwillalsorequirepoliticalhorse-tradingasgovernments—Europe'sleadersareduetomeetinMarchtodiscussthevariousenergyproposals—trytoavoidcommitmentsthatmayhurtdomesticenergycompaniesormakeEuropeanfirmslesscompetitivethanrivalsinAmerica,Asiaandelsewhere.Questions27-31Dothefollowingstatementsreflecttheviewsofthewriterinthereadingpassage?Inboxes27-31onyouranswersheetwriteYESifthestatementreflectstheviewsofthewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriterNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage27.Europe'senergycompanieshavefundedtheconstructionofthedistributionnetwork.28.TherehasbeenawiderangeofenergypriceswithinEurope.29.Gas-poorGermanyhastopayapricehigherthanaveragetoimportgasfromitsneighbour.30.E.ONandEDFmayopposetheliberalisationduetotheirconcernsaboutthesecurityofenergysupply.31.TheEuropeanCommissionproposestoreducecarbonemissionsby30%iftheU.S.iswillingtocutits.Questions32-36Lookattheboxofcountriesbelow.ChooseOneorTwocountriestocompletethefollowingsentences.Writeyouranswersinboxes32-36onyouranswersheet.CountriesA.BelarusB.BritainC.FranceD.GermanyE.RussiaF.UkraineG.TheU.S.It'sdangerousforwesternEuropetodependtoomuchongasimportsfrom…………33.Aliberalisedpolicyofenergysupplywasenforcedovertenyearsin…………34.LastyearenergysuppliesincentralandwesternEuropewasaffectedowingtotheinterruptionofgasdeliveriesto…………35.Thegovernmentsin…………areboundtoopposetheseparationofenergysuppliersandtransporters?36.Oilexportspassingvia…………toEuropewasblockedthisweek.Questions37-40ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthereadingpassageaboveforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes37-40.37.TheECdisagreeswithenergyfirmstostrikelong-termdealswithforeignsuppliersbecausesuchdealsareusuallyfarfrom…………38.TheECproposestosplitthose“nationalchampions”into…………39.Amorediverserangeofsupplierswouldguarantee…………intheEuropeangasmarket.40.Therealizationofcarbonemissionsreductionwouldrequirethepromotionofcleanercars，abetteremissions-tradingsystem，wideruseofpublictransportandmoreuseof…………ofenergy.READINGANSWERS＆EXPLAINATION1.TrueSeepara.3fromthebeginning:Zolpidem,soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien,StilnoctandStilnox,iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.2.FalseSeepara.1underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved”…3.NotGivenSeepara.2underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency,meanwhile,hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2001to2005.(ThetimethedrugwasapprovedintheUKwasnotmentioned.)4.TrueSeepara.3underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:Inonecase,atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.5.FalseSeepara.2underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications,zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.6.NotGivenSeepara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained:somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.(Nopatientsasofficeworkersarementionedinthepassage.)7.CSeepara.4fromthebeginning:AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.8.BSeethesentenceinpara.2underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”(Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects,includinghallucinations,sleepwalkingandnightmares,aremorelikelyintheelderly,andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.)andthesentenceinpara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”(Doctors“nottheproductinformation”stressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.)9.BSeepara.5underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:Sanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann…saysthat“thesafetyprofile[ofzolpidem]iswellestablished”.10.674,500(times)Seepara.3fromthebeginning:Variousformsofthedrug,madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis,wereprescribed674,500timesin2005intheUK.11.(a)benzodiazepine-like(hypnotic)Seepara.1underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”:Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnotic(类苯二氮催眠药)thatpromotesdeepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid.12.riskyconsequencesSeepara.3underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”:Patientadvocacygroups…stressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscanhaveriskyconsequences.13.Food&Drug(Administration)Seepara.4underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:TheUSFood&DrugAdministrationsaysitiscontinuingto"activelyinvestigate"andcollectinformationaboutcaseslinkingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects.14.vi15.Ii16.vii本段介绍了torcetrapib和statin的治病原理，但是同时短语“incontrast”与之前第二段后半段的内容呼应，暗示了这两种药在理论上能相辅相成，是理想的搭配。第一个选项无法涵盖整段意义，故选择i是错误的。17.iii本段分析了可能导致torcetrapibl临床试验失败的原因，后半段指出如果以上推测正确，那么未来的药物可借鉴这个试验，设法避免torcetrapib的缺陷，研制出有效的药物。viii选项无法涵盖后半段的意思。18.ix见首句。19.v20.A见第二段。题目中administer一词意为“用药”，subject一词为“实验对象”之意。21.B见第四段“„toraiselevelsofHDLs,whichferrycholesteroloutofartery-cloggingplaquestotheliverforremovalfromthebody.”即HDLs的作用最终是将choleserol清除出人体：“„forremovalfromthebody”。22.B见第四段“ButHDLsarecomplexandnotentirelyunderstood.”23.C见第二段“„plusacholesterol-loweringsta