交大附中高三第一学期英语阶段测试试卷

学年第一学期交大附中诊断测试高三年级英语(2015年10月23日)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。2. 本考试设答题卡和答题纸两部分。答题卡题号(第1-16题，41-77题)必须和试卷题号一一对应，不要错位(答题卡题号17-40是空着的)。第I卷(共103分)=1\*ROMANI.ListeningComprehension SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At10:30. B.At10:50. C. At11:20. D.At11:30.2.A.Havinganinterview. B.Fillingoutaform.C.Talkingwithhisfriend. D.Askingforinformation.3.A.Ashopassistant. B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Awaitress. D.Aclerk.4.A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inacar. D.Onthestreet.5.A.Arailwayporter. B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Abusconductor. D.Apostalclerk.6.A.Afatherandason. B.Ateacherandhisstudent.C.Astudentandhisclassmate. D.Alibrarianandastudent.7.A.Amovie. B.Alecture. C.Aplay. D.Aspeech.8.A.Themanwon’tbecomeasuperstar. B.Themanhasnogiftfortabletennis.C.Themanshouldfindanewpartner. D.Themanshouldnotgiveup.9.A.Hisinjurykepthimathome. B.Hedidn’tconsideritnecessary.C.Hewastooweaktoseethedoctor. D.Hefailedtomakeanappointment.10.A.Hewantstogetanewposition. B.Heisaskingthewomanforhelp.C.Hehasleftthewomanagoodimpression. D.Heenjoysletterwriting.SectionBPassagesDirections:InPartB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.OnTuesdaysandWednesdays. B.OnTuesdaysandThursdays.C.OnWednesdaysandThursdays. D.OnTuesdaysandFridays.12.A.Onceaweek. B.Twiceaweek.C.Onceamonth. D.Twiceamonth.13.A.Classroomtests. B.Attendancerate.C.Researchpapers. D.Finalexam.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Music. B.Books. C.Films. D.Photographs. 15.A.Poverty. B.Disasters. C.Racialinjustice. D.Crime.16.A.HewasthefirstdirectorofHollywood. B.HewasborninMiddleEasternAfrica.C.Helivedapoorlifeinhischildhood. D.Hepickedupphotographyin1912.SectionCLongerConversationsBlanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Nameoftherestaurant:Pink__17__Restaurant.Dayreservedfor:__18__,22nd.Numberofpeopletocome:__19__.Familynameofthecustomer:__20__.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Whydoesthemandosportsinhissparetime?Becausehewantsto__21__.Whatkindofsportsdoesthemanprefer?Heenjoys__22__.Howoftendoesthewomandoyoga?__23__.Whatdoesthewomanenjoyreading?Novels,__24__,biographies…Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Forsomeblanks,thereisawordgiveninthebrackets.Fillineachoftheseblankswiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fillintheotherblankswithwordsthatarecorrectinstructureandproperinmeaning.Thereisapictureinmylivingroomthatadvisesmeto“Bloomwhereyouareplanted.”ItremindsmeofDorothy.IgottoknowDorothyintheearly1980s,(25)__________IwasteachingEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentthroughaprogramwithUnionCollegeinBarbourville,Kentucky.Thejobresponsibilitiesrequiredoccasionalvisits(26)__________theclassroomofeachteacherintheprogram.Dorothystandsoutinmymemoryasonewho“bloomed”inherremotearea. Dorothy(27)__________(teach)inaschoolInHarlanCounty,Kentucky,AppalachianMountainarea.TogettoherschoolfromthetownofHarlan,Ifollowedaroad(28)__________(wind)aroundthemountain.Intheeight-milejourney,Icrossedthesamerailroadtrackfivetimes,giving(29)__________possibilityofgettingcaughtbythesametrainfivetimes.Ratherthanfeelingexcitedbythisdrivethroughthemountains,Ifounditdepressing.Thepovertylevelwasshockingandthesmallshabbyhousesgaveme(30)__________(great)feelingofhopelessness. Fromthemomentofmyarrivalatthelittleschool,allgloomdisappeared.UponarrivingatDorothy’sclassroom,I(31)__________(greet)withsmilingfacesandtreatedlikeaqueen.Thechildrenhadbeenpreparedtoshowmetheirlatestprojects.Dorothytoldmewithabigsmile(32)__________theywereservingpokegreenssaladandcornbreadfordinner.Incaseyoudon’tknow,pokegreensareaweed-typeplantthatgrowswild,especiallyonpoorground.BInW.H.Armstrong’sopinion,readingdoesn’tjustmean(33)__________(recognize)eachwordonthepage;itmeanstakingintheinformation,digestingitandincorporatingitintooneselfjust(34)__________onedigestsasandwichandmakesitapartofhimself.Thegoalis(35)__________(bring)theinformationbacktolife,notjusttotreatitasdeadfactsonpaperfromdeadtrees.Readingandwritingcannotbecompletelyseparatedfromeachother;infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformationyouhavegotfromthetext.I’veseenitagainandagain:(36)__________whocan’texpressanideaafterreadingatextisjustasineffectiveassomeonewhohasn’treaditatall.Onlyathirdofthebookremainsafterthatdiscussion,(37)__________Armstrongdevotestospecifictipsforstudyinglanguages,math,scienceandhistory.Well,hewasahistoryteacher—if(38)__________(convey)onlyatenthofhispassiontohisstudents,thatwasahundredtimesmorethanmyhistoryteachersevergotacross.Tomydisappointment,inthispartofthebookheignoresthearts.Asamatteroffact,theydemandalltheconcentrationandstudythatmathandsciencedo,(39)__________thestudydiffersslightlyinkind.Althoughit’scommonlybelievedthatthearts(40)__________onlybenaturallyacquired,actually,learningtheartsisnomorenaturalthanlearningFrenchormathematics.Myothercommentisthatthetextaged.Thefirsteditionapparentlydatestothe1960s—noneofthereferencesseemnewerthanthelate1950s.Asaresult,thediscussionmissestheentirecomputerage.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.academicB.interracialC.providedD.decreaseE.likelyF.liveG.surroundedH.resultingI.slowlyJ.interactedK.randomlySeveralrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemight(41)__________prejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigher(42)__________successthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye,theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloorsaidthat"ifyou're(43)__________bywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."Researchersalsoobservedproblems(44)__________frompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremore(45)__________toexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolonger(46)__________togetherbytheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshave(47)__________,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing."Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogether(48)__________,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.""I'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetween(49)__________studentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts(50)__________moremulticulturalacceptanceandmixing,therewerealsomoreculturalconfrontations.TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.OnMonday,nearlyhalfacenturyafterherlife-changingquestbegan,TuwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinmedicineforherroleincreatingadrugthathelpedreducemalaria(疟疾)deathratesinAfricaandAsia,savingmillionsoflives.Yetforallher(51)__________,Tu,whoisnow84,remainsalittleknownfigure,eveninhernativeChinawhereshehaddriftedinto(52)__________despitetheachievementsofherdiscovery.AsnewsofTu’svictoryreachedhernativelandonMondaynight,onefanwroteonWeibo,China’sTwitter:“(53)__________atlast!”TuwasborninNingbo,aportcityabout140milessouthofShanghai,in1930.ShewasnamedafteraverseintheBookofSongs,acollectionofancientChinesepoetrythatisbelievedtohavebeen(54)__________byConfucius.SheenrolledatthePekingUniversitySchoolofMedicineandgraduatedfromitsDepartmentofPharmacologyfouryearslater.FromuniversityTumovedtotheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShemarriedLiTingzhao,a(55)__________schoolclassmateandfactoryworkerwithwhomshewouldhavetwodaughters,and(56)__________downinBeijing.Then,in1969,everythingchangedwhenTuwas(57)__________toamedicalresearchprojectsosecretitwasknownonlyas“523”.Tuwastaskedwithsearchinginnatureforanewmalaria(58)__________andwassenttoHainan,atropicalislandoffChina’ssoutherncoastthathaslong(59)__________withitsblight.There,inthehotrainforestsofsouthernChina,Tuwitnessedupclosethemosquito-bornedisease’sdevastatingtollonthehumanbody.“Isawalotofchildrenwhowereinthelatest(60)__________ofmalaria,”shetoldNewScientistin2011.“Thosekidsdiedveryquickly.”ButitwasinancientChinese(61)__________thatTufoundthekeytobeatingthedisease.BackinBeijing,TuandherteamsearchedbooksabouttraditionalChinesemedicineforleadson(62)__________thatmighthelpthemdefeatmalaria.Tu’steamputittothetest.Atfirsttheresultswere(63)__________butaftermuchpersistencetheresearchersidentifiedanactivecompoundintheplantthatattackedmalaria-causingparasites(寄生物)inthebloodandwouldlaterbecomeknownasartemisinin(青蒿素).Not(64)__________withidentifyingtheremedy,whichthusfarhadonlybeentestedonanimals,Tutookituponherselftotestit.“Astheheadofthisresearchgroup,Ihadthe(65)__________,”shesaid.51.A.ambitions B.dreams C.achievements D.beliefs52.A.obscurity B.community C.sincerity D.security53.A.Risked B.Spoken C.Agreed D.Recognised54.A.made B.compiled C.invented D.discovered55.A.former B.formal C.mature D.complicated56.A.maintained B.resolved C.adopted D.settled57.A.utilized B.created C.recruited D.cultivated58.A.treatment B.addition C.conclusion D.therapy59.A.contributed B.devoted C.fought D.struggled60.A.collections B.connections C.stages D.links61.A.compositions B.manuscripts C.preferences D.theories62.A.puzzles B.subjects C.substances D.matters63.A.combined B.interrupted C.mixed D.organized64.A.complex B.similar C.dependent D.content65.A.responsibility B.devotion C.creativity D.innovationSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserver(救生衣)foreverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustbedesignedtobewornwitheithersideoftheclothshowing,capableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheinexperiencedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire?Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttoinexperiencedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifepreservershouldbereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.66.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A.theusesoflifepreserversB.thedesignoflifepreserversC.thematerialsforlifepreserversD.thebuoyancyoflifepreservers67.Accordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbefirstofall__________.A.adjustable B.comfortableC.self-evident D.self-righting68.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade__________.A.withasfewstringsaspossibleB.capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC.accordingtoeachwearer'ssizeD.comfortableandlighttowear69.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?A.Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.B.Thewaterwouldchokehim.C.Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.D.Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.(B)Women,drinkingthreeormorecupsofcoffeeaday,were30percentlesslikelytohavememorydeclineatage65thanthosedrinkingonecuporlessdaily.Andthebenefitincreasedwithage.Womenoverage80whodrankthreeormorecupsofcoffeeadaywereabout70percentlesslikelytohavememorydeclinethanthosewhodrankonecuporless,theresearcherssaid.Caffeinatedteahadthesameeffectinthewomen，thestudyfound,althoughmorewasneededtogetthesamecaffeineboost."Countroughlytwocupsofteaforacupofcoffee,"saidstudyleaderKarenRitchieofINSERM,theFrenchNationalInstituteforHealthandMedicalResearch.Buttheresearchersdidn'tfindasimilarlyprotectiveeffectinmen,althoughotherstudieshavefoundabenefittomales.Howmightcaffeinehelpwardoffcognitivedecline?"Itisacognitivestimulant."saidRitchie.Italsohelpstoreducelevelsoftheproteincalledbetaamyloidinthebrain,shesaid,"whoseaccumulationisresponsibleforAlzheimer'sdiseasebutwhichalsooccursinnormalaging."Ritchiesaidshewasn'tsurewhymeninthestudydidn'tbenefitfromcaffeine."Ourhypothesisisthateitherwomenmetabolizecaffeinedifferentlythanmen,ortheremaybeaninteractionofthecaffeinewiththesexhormones,theestrogen-progesteronebalance,"shesaid.TheFrenchstudyconfirmspreviousresearch,saidWilliamScott,professorofmedicineattheUniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine,whohasresearchedcaffeine'sbeneficialeffectsagainstParkinson'sdisease,alsoaneurodegenerativedisorder.Asforcaffeineonlyprotectingwomen,Scottnotedthatjust2,800ofthe7,000studyparticipantsweremen,andtheresultsmighthavedifferedifmoremenwereincluded.AstudypublishedinFebruaryintheEuropeanJournalofClinicalNutritionlookedat676healthymenandfoundthatregularcoffeedrinkershadalowerrateofcognitivedeclineovera10-yearfollow-upthanthosewhodidn'tdrinkcoffee.Thosewhodrankthreecupsdailyhadtheleastsignsofdecline.BothScottandRitchieagreedthatmorestudyisneeded.Ritchie'sresearchwillnextlookattherelationshipbetweencaffeineandAlzheimer's.70.Asitisindicatedinthe1stparagraph,howdoescoffeeinfluencewomen’smemory?A.Theolderthewomanwas,themoreslowlyhermemorydeclined.B.Themorecoffeethewomandrank,themoreslowlyhermemorydeclined.C.Theolderthewomanwas,themoreremarkablehermemorywas.D.Themorecoffeethewomandrank,themoreremarkablehermemorywas.71.Whatistrueaboutcaffeinatedtea?A.Itaffectedwomen’smemoryinthesamemannerascoffee.B.Itinfluencedwomen’smemoryaseffectivelyascoffee.C.Itboostedwomen’smemoryinthesamerateascoffee.D.Itcontainedthesameamountofcaffeineascoffee.72.AccordingtoRitchie.Alzheimer'sdiseaseisresultedfrom__________.A.thelackofcaffeineinthebrainB.theaccumulationofbetaamyloidC.highlevelofproteinsinthebrainD.abnormalmetabolisminnormalaging73.WilliamScottwouldmostprobablyagreethatcaffeinehelped__________.A.reducetheriskofAlzheimer'sdiseaseB.protectbothmenandwomenfromdiseasesC.balancetheproductionoffemalehormonesD.delaytheprocessofcognitivedecline(C)IfoursolarsystemhasaHell,it'sVenus.Theairischokedwithfoulandcorrosivesulfurfromancientvolcanoesandfeedingacidcloudsabove.AlthoughthesecondplanetisastepfartherfromthesunthanMercury,arunawaygreenhouseeffectmakesithotterindeed.It'sthehottestofthenineplants,atoasty900degreesFahrenheitofbakingrockyflatsfromequatortopoles.Allthisunderacrushingatmosphericpressure90timesthatofwhereyou'resittingnow.Fromtheearthlyperspective,itisadeadend.Itmustbelifeless."Venushasnothing,"isthebluntwordfromplanetologistKevinZahnleofNASAAmesResearchCenterinCalifornia'sSiliconValley."We'vewrittenitoff."Yetasmallgroupofadvancedlife-formsonEarthbegstodiffer,andtheorizesthatbizarremicrobialecosystemsmighthaveoncepopulatedVenusand,infact,maybetherestill.Membersofthisloosebandofresearcherssuggestthattheircolleagueshavewatertoomuchonthebrain,andare,inasense,H2Ochauvinists（盲目者）．"AstrobiologistsareneglectingVenusduemoretonarrowthinkingthanactualknowledgeoftheenvironment,orenvironments,wherelifecanthrive."saysDirkSchulze-Makuch,ageobiologistattheUniversityofTexasatElPasowhorecentlyco-authoredaVenus-boostingpaperinAstrobiologywithcolleagueLouisIrwin.ThebiasagainstlifeonVenusispartlyrootedinourownbiology.Humanexperienceinstructsthatliquidwater,preferablylotofit,isessentialforlife.Insearchforextraterrestriallife,weobsessoversmallriversinMars'surfaceapparentlycarvedbyancientgushesofwater,anddelightinhintsofpermafrostjustunderneathitssurface.(Bycomparison,Venusisn'teventhatinterestingtolookat:Aboringcueballforbackyardastronomers,itscloudsreflects75%ofvisiblelight.)Attentionandthenfundingfollowthewater:ThreemorelanderswilldepartforMarsthisspring,andseriousplansforsample-returnmissionshoverinthemidtermfuture."Ifyouhavelimitedresources,youbaseexplorationonwhatyouknow."saysArizonaStateUniversityplanetarygeologistRonalGreeley.It'slikelosingyourkeysonthewayhomeatnight:Thefirstplaceyoulookisunderthestreetlightsnotbecausethey'remorelikelytobethere,butbecauseiftheyare.You’llspotthem.Forastrobiologists,thestreetlightsarethespectrallinesforwater,andthey'vespottedthatpotentialonMars,Jupiter'smoonEuropa,evenNeptune'smoonTriton.NotonthebakingrockyflatsofVenus.74.Venusisthehottestofallthenineplanetsinthesolarsystembecause__________.A.itisnotsoclosetothesunasMercuryB.greenhouseeffectisuncontrollableonitC.itiscoveredbyathicklayerofcloudD.manyvolcanoesspreadthewholeplanet75.SomeplanetologistsbelievedtherehadneverbeenlivesonVenusbecause__________.A.theycouldn'tfindanytraceofwateronitB.theyfoundVenusistoohotforanyJivesC.VenusiscoveredbydirtyandpoisonouscloudD.Venusisthesecondnearestplanettothesun76.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesmallgroupofadvancedlifeformsonEarthbelievedthat__________.A.lifecouldexistinhotenvironmentB.lifecouldexistwithoutwaterC.therearestilllivesonVenusD.thereusedtobelivesonMars77.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutVenusandMars?A.TheatmosphericpressureofVenusisstrongerthanthatofMars.B.VenusattractsmoreattentionandfundingthanMars.C.VenusisclosertothesunthanMars.D.VenuslooksmorebeautifulthanMars.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Infact,ChinesehavebeenintheUnitedStatesforalmosttwohundredyears.TheChinesehadbusinessrelationswithHawaiipriortorelationswiththemainlandwhenHawaiiwasnotyetpartoftheUnitedStates.ButUnitedStatesinvestmentscontrolledthecapitalofHawaiiatthattime.In1788,ashipsailedfromGuangzhoutoHawaii.MostofthecrewmenwereChinese.TheywereconsideredthepioneersofHawaii.TheImmigrationCommissionreportedthatthefirstChinesearrivedintheUnitedStatesin1820.eightin1830andsevenhundredandeightyin1850.TheChinesepopulationgraduallyincreasedandreached64,199in1870.FormanyyearsitwascommonintheUnitedStatestoassociateChineseAmericanswithrestaurantsandlaundries.PeopledidnotrealizethattheChinesehadbeendrivenintotheseoccupationsbytheprejudiceanddiscriminationthatfacedtheminthiscountry.TheFirstChinesetoreachthemainlandUnitedStatescameduringtheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849.Likemostoftheotherpeoplethere,theyhadcometosearchforgold.Inthatlargelyunoccupiedland,themenstakedaclaimforthemselvesbyplacingmarkersintheground.However,eitherbecausetheChineseweresodifferentfromtheothersorbecausetheyworkedsopatientlythattheysometimessucceededinturningaseeminglyworthlessminingclaimintoaprofitableone,theybecamethescapegoatsoftheirenviouscompetitors.Theywereharassedinmanyways.Oftentheywerepreventedfromworkingtheirclaims;somelocalitiesevenpassedregulationsforbiddingthemtoownclaims.TheChinesethereforestartedtoseekoutotherwaysofearningaliving.Someofthembegantodothelaundryforthewhiteminers;otherssetupsmallrestaurants.(TherewerealmostnowomeninCaliforniainthosedays,andtheChinesefilledarealneedbydoingthis“woman'swork”.)Somewenttoworkasfarmhandsorasfishermen.Intheearly1860'smanymoreChinesearrivedinCalifornia.Thistimethemenwereimportedasworkcrewstoconstructthefirsttranscontinentalrailroad.Theyweresorelyneededbecausetheworkwassostrenuousanddangerous,anditwascarriedoninsucharemotepartofthecountrythattherailroadcompanycouldnotfindotherlaborersforthejob.Asinthecaseoftheirpredecessors,theseChinesewerealmostallmales;andlikethem,too,theyencounteredag