2022届高考英语各省模拟试题汇编卷(全国甲卷)

高考英语各省模拟试题汇编卷全国甲卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2022・福建•厦门一中高一开学考试）Travellingtheworldissomethingthatleavesanimpactonyourbeing.Hereisalistofinspiringdestinationsthatareboundtochangeyourlife.SomecompletelyinfluencedwhoIamtoday,andsomeareattheverytopofmybucketlist.KenyaThebeautifulMaasaipeopleareasymboloffamilyandlove,andalthoughsomeoftheirculturaltraditionsmaynotbeacceptedbyeveryone,theirwillingnesstoacceptothersandcherishthebeautyofKenyaistrulyhardtoignore.Kenya'sincrediblelandshowedmetheimportanceofappreciatingalllivingbeingsandhelpedmerecognizethatregardlessofourspecies,wehavefarmoresimilaritiesthandifferences.Visitingthiscountrymademerealizethatlivinginharmonywithwildlifeissomethingthatweallshouldfightfor,nomatterwherewemightbeintheworld.MyanmarUnlikesomanyotherdestinationinAsiathathavebeencrowdedbytourists,thiscounty'shistoricappearanceisstillentirelyexistent.Ancienttemplesarescatteredacrosstheland,andthequiet,peacefulBuddhistapproachtolifeisstillverymuchcommon.Formanypeople,Myanmarisadestinationthatbroughtpeacebackintotheirlives.DuetoitslargeBuddhistpopulation.一almost90%infact—thiscountrymakesyouappreciatealllifeonEarthlikeneverbefore,whileitsuntouchedlandscapesmakeyoufallheadoverheelswiththeworld.MuchlikeIndia,thisisadiversecountrywherepeoplelivesidebysideinharmony,regardlessofreligions.IndiaIndiaisaplacethatteachesyousomanyimportantlifelessons.Alotofpeoplehaveaskedmewhatitwasaboutthiscountrythatmademechangesomuch,andIhonestlycouldn'ttellyou.It'satruemixtureofseeingvarioussights,beingabsorbedintheuniqueatmosphere,andlearningaboutspiritualityandmanydiversereligions.WhatinfluencedidvisitingKenyahaveontheauthor?Itlethimaccepttheirculturaltraditions.Itbroughtpeacebackintohislife.Ithelpedhimappreciateallcreatures.Itmadehimrealizeallspeciesaresodifferent.WhatdoMyanmarandIndiahaveincommon?Thevariousreligions.B.Theabundantwildlife.C.Theuntouchedscenery.D.Thecrowdedtemples.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?Anewsreport.B.Atravelblog.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Ageographytextbook.B（2022•广西柳州•二模）Theveggieburger（素食汉堡）:thissimplenon-meatburgerisamainmealforavegetarian.Sowhatisaveggieburger?Aveggieburgerissimilartoanordinaryhamburger,exceptthatitismeat-free,commonlymadefromingredientssuchasbeans,tofu,nuts,grainsandmushrooms.Inmanycases,thedifferencesbetweenthemeathamburgerandveggieburgerareclear,butImpossibleFoodsCompanyplanstoputanendtothat.TheImpossibleburgerismadeofaplant-basedproductthatlookslikeblood.Itclearlylooks,smellsandevenbleedslikemeat,butit'sgrowninalab.TheImpossiblesaysthisburgerishardtotellfromrealmeat,about47%similar,accordingtoatestconductedamongmeatlovers.Theplant-basedburgerreceivesincreasingattentionfromthepublic.Marketingisonegoodreason:plant-basedmeatproductsattractmeat-loversandvegetariansalikeduetotheirhealthbenefits.Ifyoucanhavethefoodyouloveatalowerhealthcost,whywouldn'tyou?Anotherreasonwhymanypeopleresistmeatproductisthattheymayseektoreduceanimalsufferingorthemeatindustry'slargeenvironmentalimpact.Meatproductionisresponsiblefor18%oftotalgreenhousegases,accordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）.However,theymaystillmissthetasteofmeat.Finally,“thereareassociatedfeelingsandmemoriesthatgowithcertainfbods,"saysThomasBanks,BBCLearningEnglishproducerand15-yearvegetarian.“Ididn'tgrowupavegetarianandsometimesImissmyfamily'scooking.Plant-basedmeatallowsmetohaveagoodhome-cookedmealthat'sjustlikemumusedtomake."Itisreportedthattheglobalmeatsubstitutemarketwasvaluedat$4,512.1millionin2019,andispredictedtoreach$8,823.6millionby2027,showinganannualgrowthrateof7.2%from2021to2027.Accordingtorecentstudies,30%ofAmericansarenotonlyleavingmeatofftheirplatesbutalsoseekingoutmoreplant-basedmeatsubstitutes.WhatdoesImpossibleFoodsCompanyintendtodo?Tomakeveggieburgerlooklikemeathamburger.Todistractpeople'sinterestinmeathamburger.Toexpandthenumbersofveggieburgerlovers.Topersuademorepeopletohavelessmeathamburger.Whydomanypeoplebecomevegetarians?Theydon'tfavorthetasteofmeat.Theywanttodosomegoodtoanimalwelfare.Theyopposetheenvironmentalsustainability.Theywanttomeettheneedoftheirfinancialbenefits.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?FAOisthepioneerforthemeatlessindustry.Theplant-basedmeatcanbegrownineveryhouseholdgarden.Livestockproductionisresponsiblefor80%oftotalgreenhousegases.Vegetarianscangetmeat-likefoodexperiencesfromtheplant-basedmeat.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisstatementsinthelastparagraph?Bylistingvariousreasons.B.Bygivingadefinition.C.Bypresentingstatistics.D.Byanalyzingstrengthsandweaknesses.C（2022・四川•成都七中二模）ElonMuskisn'tcontentwithelectriccars,shootingpeopleintoorbitandpopulatingMars.Healsowantstogetinsideyourbrain.Hisgoalistodevelopdevicesthatcanprovidetreatmenttoneural（神申经的）diseases-andthatmayonedaybepowerfulenoughtoputhumanityonanequalfootingwithpossiblefuturesuperintelligentcomputers.Notthatit'sanywhereclosetothatyet.InavideoFridayobviouslyaimedatseekingnewemployees,MuskshowedoffthesecondversionoftheNeuralink,adeviceaboutthesizeofalargecoin.It'sdesignedtobeputinaperson'shead.Anearlierversionofthedevicehastobeplacedbehindanearlikeahugehearingaid.Buttheyoungcompanyisfarfromhavingacommercialproduct,whichwouldinvolvecomplexhumantrialsandgovernmentalapproval.Friday'svideoshowedthreepigs.One,namedGertrude,hadaNeuralinkdeviceinitsbrain.Musk,afounderofboththeelectriccarcompanyTeslaMotorsandthespaceexplorationfirmSpaceX,hasalwaysbeenworriedaboutthatsmarterAlmachineswilloutwithumans.Hissolution?Linkourbrainstocomputerssowecankeepupwithorevenwinovertheminintelligence!Muskurgedcoders（程序员），engineersandespeciallypeoplewhohaveactuallycreatedaproducttoapply."Youdon'tneedtohavebrainexperience,"hesaid,addingthatthisissomethingthatcanbelearnedonthejob.Connectingabrainupdirectlytoelectronicsisnotnew.DoctorshavealreadyputsimilardevicesinbrainstotreatsuchconditionsasParkinson'sdisease.In2016,researchersreportedthatamanregainedsomemovementinhisownhandwithasimilarbrainimplant.ButMusk'sproposalgoesbeyondthis.Neuralinkwantstobuildonthoseexistingmedicaltreatmentsandworkondevicesthatcouldlinkourbrainstocomputersoneday.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefirstversionoftheNeuralink?Itissmallerthanahearingaid.B.Itcanbeputinaperson'shead.C.Ithastobeplacedbehindtheear.D.Itisalreadyavailableatthemarket.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“outwit"inparagraph6?Copy.B.Defeat.C.Understand.D.Destroy.WhatkindofcandidatesdoesElonMuskparticularlywant?Someonewhoalsowantstocreatethesamedevice.Doctorswhoalreadyknowhowtotreatbraindiseases.Peoplewhohavealreadydesignedsomeuniqueproduct.Engineerswhoaregoodatlinkingbrainstocomputers.Whereisthistextlikelyfrom?A.Anadvertisement.B.Atestreport.C.Asciencefiction.D.Anewsreport.D

（2022・四川省泸县第一中学二模）In2016,Japanesescientistsfoundakindof

bacteria,whichtheycalledIdeonellasakainesis,could“eat"plastic.ThesecretforIdeonellasakainesisisenzymes（酶）usedbybacteriaandothercellstomakechemicalchangeshappen.Itusestwoenzymestoturnplasticintosomethingitcaneat.What'sleftoverafterwardcouldbeusedtomakenewplastic.Oneofthem,called“PETase",istheonethatbreaksdowntheplastic.Recently,scientistshavefiguredoutawaytomakethebacteriaeatplasticevenfaster.TheydidsomechemicalworkwiththeenzymePETase.Theythoughtwhattheydidwouldmakeiteatplasticevenslower.However,theyweresurprisedtofindthatthechangemadeiteat20%faster.Thisisanimportantstep,butitwillstillbeawhilebeforewewillknowifIdeonellasakainesiscanreallymakeadifference.Everythinghastobejustrightforittodoitswork.Itcan'tbetoohotortoocold.Thescientistssaythey'llkeepexploringtomakeitworkinallkindsofconditions.Besides,itonlyeatsonekindofplasticcalledPET,whichisusuallyusedformakingbottles.Butscientiststhinkitispossiblethattheremaybeotherkindsofbacteriathateatotherkindsofplastic.Theythinkthatevenifthesebacteriadon'talreadyexist,theymaycomealongsoon.Bacteriacanchangetheirhabitsquickly,comparedtobiggerlifeforms.Mostplasticcanalreadyberecycled,andthisisreallyjustanewwaytorecycleit.However,asscientistswarnseriously,Ideonellasakainesis'newfunctiondoesnotchangethefactthatonlyabout9%ofplasticsactuallygetrecycled,whiletherestgetthrownaway.Theyalsopointoutthatharmfulchemicalsareaddedwhenplasticismade.Ifbacteriabreakdownplasticinnaturalareas,thosepoisonswillbegivenoff,andcouldaffectplants,animals,orhumans.Howdidthescientistsfindthefactthatthebacteriaeatplasticfaster?TheymadechangestoPETase.TheyaddedmorePETasetoplastic.Theymixedplastic'stwoenzymes.Theyremovedenzymesfromplastic.WhatdoweknowaboutIdeonellasakainesisfromparagraph3?Itbreaksdownsomespecialkindsofplastic.Iteatsplasticunderdemandingconditions.ItstopsotherbacteriapossessingPETase.Itproducesenzymeswheneatingplastic.Whatdothescientistsconveyaboutplasticrecyclinginthelastparagraph?A.Theyareconfidenttodoit.B.It'shardtorecycleplastic.C.Itssituationworriesthem.D.Ithasbeenwelldonesofar.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?Toadvocaterecyclingplastic.Topraisescientists'hardwork.Toshowsevereplasticpollution.Tointroduceanewdiscovery.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022•贵州贵阳•一模）HowtoInspireYourselftoAchieveTopSuccessOften,manypeoplerisetosuccessfulheightsandfall,nevertospringbackup._16_Hereareafewwaystoinspireyourselftoachievetopsuccess.Berealisticwithyourgoals.Manypeopleacceptgoal-settingasoneoftheprimarystepsinanysuccessfuljourney.Whilegoal-settingisthefirststeptosuccess,doingitthewrongwaycansetyouseveralstepsbackandmakeyourjourneystressful._17_18Ideation（构思过程）involvestheformationofnewideasandconceptsandisanessentialprocessinfindingnewwaystocompleteyoursuccessjourney.Theprocessdoesn'tendafterdreamingofnewideas.Goingfurthertowritethemdownandbrainstormingcanhelpyouadjustthem.Notethatwell一constructedideascanmakeeffortmoremanageable,especiallywhensolvingaproblem.Asexpertsalwayssay,“Definetheproblemwell,andthesolutionwillpresentitself."Knowwhentomultitaskandwhentodeepfocus.It'sappealingtoengageinmultipletaskstogetthingsdone._19一However,sometasksmayrequireextremefocusing.Seasoneddesignandwritingprofessionalsoftentakethisapproach.J.K.Rowling,forexample,spendsmanyweeksawayfromregularlifetowriteherbooks.Meditate（冥想）whenyoucan.20_.You'relikelytoproduceverylittleresultswhenyourmindisblockedandtired.Meditationisagreatwaytoregenerateandfacilitateyourrestorationprocess.A.DreamoftheproblemsWritedownideasandbrainstormItpaystosetrealisticandmeasurablegoalsThat'sthereasonwhyweneedtorisetosuccessRestingthemindcanbeanotherformofinspirationMultitaskingmaynotbeabadwayofclearingyourdeskandgeneratingresultsThat'sbecauserisingtosuccessisonethingandmanagingthesuccessfulstageanother第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022・四川•巴中市教育科学研究所一模）For31years,AlbertLexiekeptworkinghard,21beforedawnandmakingthenearlytwo-hourjourneytoPittsburghbybus.HisdestinationwasUniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter'sChildren'sHospitalofPittsburgh.Withthatkindofdevotion,you'dthinkhe_22_asaphysicianornurse,somepositionthatrequiredlong_23_andcamewithahigh_24_.Butyou'dbe_25_.From1982to2013,Albert26_shoes.Sixteentoseventeenpairs,twiceaweek,$3apop.Hisannualincomewasabout$10,000,notincludingtips.Butit'swhathedidwiththosetipsthat_27_himheartsandmanyawards.He_28_histips,all$200,000ofthem,toFreeCareFund,whichhelpscoverthemedical_29_foruninsured无保险的）andpoorchildren.Heonlyattendedschoolthroughtheeighthgrade,buthe30hisfirstshoeshineboxthatyearaspartofaclassassignment,andthat'stheonehe31from1982to2013.Andthoseyearsof_32anddevotioncertainlydidn'tgo33.Hewashonoredand34bymagazinesandorganizations.Obviously,hewasn'tinitfor35,andgettingtoandfromworkatsuchunusualhourscouldn'thavebeen_36_,especiallyashestartedgettingolder.“Icometoworkeverydaybecauseit's_37_toseepeopleandtalktopeopleandhavefunanddothings.Children'sHospitalismyfavoriteplace_38_一Icanseelotsof_39_andshaketheirlittlehandsandtrytogivelittletoysaway,thingslikethat."Hislife'sworkwassotouchingandinspiring.Bytellinghisstory,wehopedto_40_morepeopletodogoodintheworld.

21.A.comingbackB.walkingaroundC.watchingoutD.wakingup22.A.startedB.workedC.feltD.grew23.A.historyB.developmentC.hoursD.distances24.A.incomeB.degreeC.qualityD.speed25.A.differentB.strangeC.interestedD.wrong26.A.madeB.shinedC.soldD.designed27.A.offeredB.showedC.costD.won28.A.giftedB.returnedC.lentD.reported29.A.researchB.educationC.recordsD.bills30.A.borrowedB.builtC.cleanedD.drew31.A.hidB.passedC.usedD.repaired32.A.serviceB.studyC.struggleD.progress33.A.farB.smoothC.unnoticedD.unchecked34.A.influencedB.praisedC.protectedD.congratulated35.A.moneyB.surpriseC.funD.advice36.A.necessaryB.safeC.easyD.fair37.A.boringB.meaninglessC.amusingD.enjoyable38.A.becauseB.unlessC.whileD.though39.A.graduatesB.expertsC.kidsD.elders40.A.forceB.encourageC.allowD.help第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2022•四川•宜宾市叙州区第一中学校二模)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoualwayshatecertainvegetables,youmaybemorethanapickyeater.Instead,youmightbea“super-taster",aperson_41_bittergen(e苦味基因).Thosepeoplewhohavethe“bittergenes"are2.6timesmorelikelytoeat_42一(few)vegetablesthanothers,accordingtoanewstudy_43一(present)attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation.“Wedon'tgetthetasteoffoodequally,"saidprofessorDuffy,anexpertinthestudyoffoodtaste.“Itcouldexplainsomeofthedifferencesinourfood44(prefer)."Abouthalfofuscantastebitterandsweet,sowearenotespeciallysensitivetobitterfood.Another25%arecalled“non-tasters",to_45一bitterfoodmightactuallybeabitsweeter.Therestofusare46(extreme)sensitivetothebitternessthatsome47（plant）developtokeepanimalsfromeatingthem.Foodscientistsaretryingtodevelopways48_（reduce）thebitternessinveggies,inthehopethatwecankeepsuper-tastersfromrejectingvegetables.Infact,somevegetableswegrowtoday_49_（be）muchsweeterthanbefore.Wemightalsotrytousevariouscookingmethods,eitherbyaddingsomefat,sweetness,strongflavorslikegarlic_50_roastingthem,toimprovethetasteofthevegetables.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）（2022•贵州毕节•模拟预测）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号口，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉\。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2•只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Goodmorning,everyone!I'mextremeexcitedtoexpressmyunderstandingoftheofficialmottoofthe2022WinterOlympics一“Togetherforasharedfuture".ThemottoshowsthatinspiringbytheOlympicspirit,weworktogetherwiththepeopleoftheworldandhelpedeachother.Thatwearedevotedtoisvaluabletocreateforabetterfuture.Asastudent,Ishouldmakeacontributiontobuildawonderfulworld.Ononehand,welearntobeastudentwithgoodqualities,suchashonesty,kindness,loyalty,modesty,perseveranceetc.Ontheotherhand,Istudyhardtobeusefulperson.Lastyear,Iampraised,becauseofwinningthetitleofVirtueYouth,bymanyteacher.第二节书面表达（满分25分）（2022•四川•模拟预测）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来中国旅游，发来邮件请你推荐两个目的地城市。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：推荐城市及理由；其他建议。注意:词数100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考答案第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1.C2.A3.B解析：这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个鼓舞人心的旅游目的地。1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Kenya'sincrediblelandshowedmetheimportanceofappreciatingalllivingbeingsandhelpedmerecognizethatregardlessofourspecies,wehavefarmoresimilaritiesthandifferences.（肯尼亚这块令人难以置信的土地向我展示了欣赏所有生物的重要性，并帮助我认识到，无论我们的物种如何，我们的相似之处远远多于差异）”可知，访问肯尼亚帮助作者欣赏了所有生物。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第六段“MuchlikeIndia,thisisadiversecountrywherepeoplelivesidebysideinharmony,regardlessofreligions.（就像印度一样，这是一个多元化的国家，人们不分宗教，和谐共处。）”和最后一段“It'satruemixtureofseeingvarioussights,beingabsorbedintheuniqueatmosphere,andlearningaboutspiritualityandmanydiversereligions.（这是一个真正的混合体，可以看到各种各样的风景，沉浸在独特的氛围中，学习灵性和许多不同的宗教）”可知，缅甸和印度的共同之处就是多元文化、多种宗教。故选A项。.推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Travellingtheworldissomethingthatleavesanimpactonyourbeing.Hereisalistofinspiringdestinationsthatareboundtochangeyourlife.SomecompletelyinfluencedwhoIamtoday,andsomeareattheverytopofmybucketlist.（环游世界会对你的生活产生影响。下面是一个鼓舞人心的目的地清单，它们一定会改变你的生活。有些人完全影响了我，有些人则在我的清单上名列前茅）”和文章的三个小标题可知，文章主要是关于旅游话题的，所以这篇文章很可能来自一个旅行博客。故选B项。B答案：4.A5.B6.D7.C解析：这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了不可能食品公司生产的一种具有肉类食物体验的植物肉汉堡。.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Inmanycases,thedifferencesbetweenthemeathamburgerandveggieburgerareclear,butImpossibleFoodsCompanyplanstoputanendtothat.（在许多情况下，肉类汉堡和蔬菜汉堡之间的区别是显而易见的，但不可能食品公司计划结束这一局面）"及“TheImpossiblesaysthisburgerishardtotellfromrealmeat,about47%similar,accordingtoatestconductedamongmeatlovers.（不可能食品公司称，这种汉堡很难与真正的肉类区分开来，根据对肉类爱好者进行的一项测试显示，约47%的汉堡与真正的肉类相似）”可知，不可能食品公司想让蔬菜汉堡看起来像肉汉堡。故选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Anotherreasonwhymanypeopleresistmeatproductisthattheymayseektoreduceanimalsufferingorthemeatindustry'slargeenvironmentalimpact.（许多人抵制肉类产品的另一个原因是，他们可能谋求减少动物的痛苦或肉类行业对环境的巨大影响）”可知，许多人成为素食主义者是为了减少对动物的伤害。故选Bo推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ididn'tgrowupavegetarianandsometimesImissmyfamily'scooking.Plant-basedmeatallowsmetohaveagoodhome-cookedmealthat'sjustlikemumusedtomake.（我不是素食主义者，有时我会想念家人的烹饪。植物肉让我吃到了一顿很好的家常菜，就像妈妈以前做的一样）”可推知，因为说话者不是素食主义者，所以植物肉给他找回的是以前在家吃肉的感觉，也就是说素食者可以从植物肉中获得类似肉类的食物体验。故选Do推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itisreportedthattheglobalmeatsubstitutemarketwasvaluedat$4,512.1millionin2019,andispredictedtoreach$8,823.6millionby2027,showinganannualgrowthrateof7.2%from2021to2027.Accordingtorecentstudies,30%ofAmericansarenotonlyleavingmeatofftheirplatesbutalsoseekingoutmoreplant-basedmeatsubstitutes.（据扌报道，全球肉类替代品市场在2019的价值为45亿1210万美元，预计2027美元达到88亿2360万美元，从2021到2027的年增长率为7.2%。根据最近的研究，30%的美国人不仅不吃肉类，还寻求更多的植物性肉类替代品）”中的“$4,512.1millionin2019”“$8,823.6millionby2027”“7.2%”“30%”可知，作者运用了数据统计来支持自己的陈述。故选C。C答案：8.C9.B10.C11.D解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了ElonMusk最新推出的Neuralink人机接口。8.细节理解题。根据第四段'InavideoFridayobviouslyaimedatseekingnewemployees,MuskshowedoffthesecondversionoftheNeuralink,adeviceaboutthesizeofalargecoin.It'sdesignedtobeputinaperson'shead.Anearlierversionofthedevicehastobeplacedbehindanearlikeahugehearingaid.（在周五的一段显然是寻找新员工的视频中，Musk展示了Neuralink的第二版，一枚大硬币大小的设备。它被设计成放在一个人的头上。该设备的早期版本必须像一个巨大的助听器一样被放在耳朵后面）”可知，第一版的接口必须挂在耳后。故选Co词句猜测题。根据下文“Hissolution?Linkourbrainstocomputerssowecankeepupwithorevenwinovertheminintelligence!（他的解决方案?把我们的大脑和电脑连接起来，这样我们就能在智力上跟上它们，甚至战胜它们!）”可推断，ElonMusk担心人工智能机器人会打败人类。划线词词义表示“打败”，与defeat意思相近。故选B。细节理解题。根据第七段'Muskurgedcoders（程序员）,engineersandespeciallypeoplewhohaveactuallycreatedaproducttoapply.（Musk敦促程序员、工程师，特别是那些实际创造了一种产品的人来申请。）”可知，ElonMusk特别垂青那些有独创作品的程序员及工程师。故选Co11.推理判断题。根据第二段'Hisgoalistodevelopdevicesthatcanprovidetreatmenttoneural（神经的）diseases-andthatmayonedaybepowerfulenoughtoputhumanityonanequalfootingwithpossiblefuturesuperintelligentcomputers.（他的目标是开发能够为神经疾病提供治疗的设——这可能有一天足够强大，使人类与未来可能的超级智能计算机处于平等的地位）”以及下文内容可知，文章主要是对ElonMusk在本周五演示录像中展示的产品进行的报道。因此推断这是一篇新闻报道。故选D。D答案：12.A13.B14.C15.D解析：这是一篇说明文。2016年，日本科学家发现了一种被他们称为Ideonellasakainesis的细菌，这种细菌可以"吃”塑料。文章对这种细菌进行了介绍。12.细节理解题。根据第二段倒第三句"TheydidsomechemicalworkwiththeenzymePETase.（他们对酶PETase做了一些化学工作）”可知，科学家们对PETase做了一些改变，发现细菌吃塑料更快的事实。故选A。13.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句'Everythinghastobejustrightforittodoitswork.Itcan'tbetoohotortoocold.（每件事都必须恰到好处才能让它发挥作用。不能太热或太冷）”可知，Ideonellasakainesis在苛刻的条件下才能吃塑料。故选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句"However,asscientistswarnseriously,Ideonellasakainesis'newfunctiondoesnotchangethefactthatonlyabout9%ofplasticsactuallygetrecycled,whiletherestgetthrownaway.然而，正如科学家们严肃警告的那样‘Ideonellasakainesis的新功能并没有改变只有大约9%的塑料被回收，而其余的则被扔掉的事实）”可知，在最后一段中科学家们表达了对塑料回收的担忧。故选C。推理判断题。根据第一段"In2016,Japanesescientistsfoundakindofbacteria,whichtheycalledIdeonellasakainesis,could"eat"plastic.（2016年，日本科学家发现了一种被他们称为Ideonellasakainesis的细菌，这种细菌可以"吃”塑料）”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一个新发现。故选Do第二节答案：16.G17.C18.B19.F20.E解析：这是一篇说明文。本文作者阐述了激励自己取得最大成功的方法。根据上一句"Often,manypeoplerisetosuccessfulheightsandfall,nevertospringbackup（通常，许多人会成功地爬到高处，然后跌倒，再也不会振作起来）”可知，G选项"That'sbecauserisingtosuccessisonethingandmanagingthesuccessfulstageanother（这是因为爬起来走向成功是一回事，成功阶段的管理是另一回事）”切题，该选项与上一句构成因果关系，解释了许多人许多人爬到成功的高度又跌倒了，再也没有振作起来的原因，是因为成功阶段需要管理，且该选项中的"rising”与上一句中的"rise”相呼应。故选G项。根据上文“Berealisticwithyourgoals...Whilegoal-settingisthefirststeptosuccess,doingitthewrongwaycansetyouseveralstepsbackandmakeyourjourneystressful对你的目标要现实……虽然目标设定是通往成功的第一步，但错误的做法会让你倒退几步，让你的旅程充满压力）”可知，本段主要阐述设定的目标要现实，因此，C选项“Itpaystosetrealisticandmeasurablegoals.（设定现实的、可衡量的目标是值得的）”切题。该选项中的“realistic”与上文“realistic"相呼应。故选C项。根据下文“Ideationinvolvestheformationofnewideasandconceptsandisanessentialprocessinfindingnewwaystocompleteyoursuccessjourney.Theprocessdoesn'tendafterdreamingofnewideas.Goingfurthertowritethemdownandbrainstormingcanhelpyouadjustthem.（构思包括形成新的想法和概念，是寻找新方法完成成功之旅的一个重要过程。这个过程不会在梦想新想法后结束。进一步把它们写下来，头脑风暴可以帮助你调整它们）”可知，下文主要阐述了要构思新的想法和概念，充分运用“头脑风暴”，寻找解决问题的方法，因此，B项“Writedownideasandbrainstorm（写下想法并进行头脑风暴）”切题，该选项统领本段，下文详细解释了具体如何去构思想法和进行头脑风暴，且该选项中的“brainstorm"与上文“brainstorming"相呼应。故选B项。根据上文“It'sappealingtoengageinmultipletaskstogetthingsdone.（参与多项任务而去完成任务是很有吸引力的）”以及下一句“However,sometasksmayrequireextremefocusing.（然而，有些任务可能需要极度专注）”可知，完成多项任务是很有吸引力的，但是并不是任何情况下都可以多任务，有些任务需要专注，推知，该空与下文'有些任务可能需要极度专注”构成转折关系，因此，F选项“Multitaskingmaynotbeabadwayofclearingyourdeskandgeneratingresults.（多任务处理可能是清理办公桌并产生结果的好方法）”切题，该选项承上启下，符合上下文句意，且该选项中的"Multitasking”与上文中的“multipletasks”相呼应。故选F项。根据上文“Meditatewhenyoucan.（尽可能地冥想）”与下文“You'relikelytoproduceverylittleresultswhenyourmindisblockedandtired.Meditationisagreatwaytoregenerateandfacilitateyourrestorationprocess.（当你的大脑被阻塞和疲劳时，你很可能不会产生什么结果。冥想是一种很好的恢复和促进你的重建过程的方法）”可知，当大脑被阻塞或疲劳时，大脑思维不灵活，而冥想是一种很好的恢复方法，推知大脑得到休息恢复后可能产生灵感。因此，E选项“Restingthemindcanbeanotherformofinspiration.（休息的思想可以是另一种形式的灵感）”切题，该选项承上启下，且选项中的“Restingthemind”与上文中的“Meditate”相呼应。故选E项。第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：21.D22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.C34.B35.A36.C37.D38.A39.C40.B解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了31年来，鞋匠AlbertLexie辛勤工作，把自己擦鞋挣得的小费全部捐给了看不起病的孩子们的感人故事。考查动词短语辨析。句意：31年来，AlbertLexie一直在努力工作，天不亮就起床，然后坐两个小时的公共汽车到匹兹堡。A.comingback回来；B.walkingaround四处走动；C.watchingout小心；D.wakingup醒来。根据上文“For31years,AlbertLexiekeptworkinghard"以及下文“beforedawnandmakingthenearlytwo-hourjourney'可推知，此处指AlbertLexie辛勤工作了31年，他总是天不亮时就醒来，然后去乘坐两小时的公交车。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：有这种奉献精神，你可能会认为他从事的是医生或护士之类的工作，一个需要长时间工作、收入高的职位。A.started开始；B.worked工作；C.felt感觉D.grew扩大。根据下文“asaphysicianornurse”可推知，此处指大家可能会以为AlbertLexie的工作是一名医生或护士。故选B项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种奉献精神，你可能会认为他从事的是医生或护士之类的工作，一个需要长时间工作、收入高的职位。A.history历史；B.development发展；C.hours小时；D.distances距离。根据上文“workedasaphysicianornurse,somepositionthatrequired'和常识可推知，此处指像医生或护士之类的，需要长时间的工作。固定搭配'longhours”意为“长时间”。故选C项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种奉献精神，你可能会认为他从事的是医生或护士之类的工作，一个需要长时间工作、收入高的职位。A.income收入；B.degree程度；C.quality质量；D.speed速度。根据上文“heworkedasaphysicianornurse,somepositionthatrequiredlonghoursandcamewithahigh”和常识可推知，此处指像医生或护士之类的，是需要长时间工作、收入高的职位。故选A项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但你错了。A.different不同的；B.strange奇怪的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.wrong错误的。根据上文“you'dthink”和转折连词“But”以及下文“Sixteentoseventeenpairs,twiceaweek,$3apop.”可推知，AlbertLexie是鞋匠，不是医生或护士之类的，工资不高，此处指人们对于AlbertLexie的猜测是错误的。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：从1982年到2013年，Albert做着擦鞋的工作。A.made制造；B.shined擦亮；C.sold出售；D.designed设计。根据下文“hisfirstshoeshinebox”可推知，此处指Albert的工作是擦鞋。故选B项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但正是他用这些小费所做的事情为他赢得了赞许和奖励。A.offered提供；B.showed展示；C.cost花费；D.won赢得。根据下文“himheartsandmanyawards”以及“Hewashonoredand14bymagazinesandorganizations.5可推知，此处指AlbertLexie用挣得小费所做的事情（把小费给了看不起病的孩子们）为他赢得了赞许和奖励。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把20万美元的小费全部捐给了FreeCareFund，该基金帮助无保险儿童和贫困儿童支付医疗费用。A.gifted向赠送；B.returned返回；C.lent借给D.reported报告。根据下文“histips,all$200,000ofthem,toFreeCareFund'可推知，此处指Albert把他挣得的小费全部捐赠给了FreeCareFund。故选A项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把20万美元的小费全部捐给了FreeCareFund，该基金帮助无保险儿童和贫困儿童支付医疗费用。A.research研究；B.education教育；C.records记录；D.bills账单。根据上文“FreeCareFund,whichhelpscoverthemedical"以及下文“foruninsuredandpoorchildren'可推知，此处指FreeCareFund帮助未参保儿童和贫困儿童支付医疗费用。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他只上完了八年级，但那一年他做了他的第一个擦鞋盒，作为课堂作业的一部分，也就是他从1982年到2013年使用的那个。A.borrowed借；B.built建造；C.cleaned打扫；D.drew绘画。根据下文“hisfirstshoeshineboxthatyearaspartofaclassassignment"可推知，此处指Albert在八年级时做了一个擦鞋盒作为课堂作业。故选B项考查动词词义辨析。句意：他只上完了八年级，但那一年他做了他的第一个擦鞋盒，作为课堂作业的一部分，也就是他从1982年到2013年使用的那个。A.hid隐蔽；B.passed通过；C.used使用；D.repaired修复。根据上文“hisfirstshoeshinebox"和“that'stheone"以及下文“from1982to2013"可推知，此处指他从1982年到2013年一直在使用的那个擦鞋盒就是他八年级做的课堂作业。故选C项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年的服务和付出并没有被忽视。A.service服务；B.study学习；C.struggle斗争；D.progress进步。根据上文“Albertshinedshoes"和“Hegiftedhistips,all$200,000ofthem,toFreeCareFund"以及下文“anddevotion"可推知，此处指Albert多年的服务和付出。故选A项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些年的服务和付出并没有被忽视。A.far遥远的；B.smooth平稳的；C.unnoticed被忽视的；D.unchecked不受限制的。根据下文“Hewashonoredand34bymagazinesandorganizations."可推知，此处指Albert多年的服务和付出并没有被忽视，他受到了表扬。故选C项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他受到多家杂志和组织的尊重和赞扬。A.influenced影响；B.praised赞扬；C.protected保护；D.congratulated祝贺。根据上文“thoseyearsofserviceanddevotioncertainlydidn'tgounnoticed"和“Hewashonored"可推知，此处指Albert多年的服务和付出并没有被忽视，他受到了多家杂志和组织的尊重和赞扬。故选B项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，他干这行不是为了钱，而且在这样不寻常的时间上下班也不容易，尤其是他开始变老了。A.money钱；B.surprise惊喜；C.fun乐趣；D.advice建议。根据上文“thoseyearsofserviceanddevotion"以及下文“andgettingtoandftomworkatsuchunusualhours"和“hestartedgettingolder"可推知，此处指Albert无私奉献，辛勤劳动，干这行并不是为了钱。故选A项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，他干这行不是为了钱，而且在这样不寻常的时间上下班也不容易，尤其是他开始变老了。A.necessary必要的；B.safe安全的；C.easy容易的；D.fair公平的。根据上文“gettingtoandfromworkatsuchunusualhourscouldn'thavebeen"以及下文“especiallyashestartedgettingolder"可推知，此处指Albert开始变老了，在这样不寻常的时间上下班并不容易。故选C项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天都来上班，因为遇见不同的人、和他们交谈、愉快的玩耍、做事都令人很快乐。A.boring无聊的；B.meaningless无意义的；C.amusing好笑的；D.enjoyable使人快乐的。根据下文“havefun"可推知，Albert认为工作会令人快乐。故选D项。考查连词词义辨析。句意：儿童医院是我最喜欢的地方，因为我可以看到很多孩子，握着他们的小手，试着送给他们小玩具，做诸如此类的事情。A.because因为；B.unless除非；C.while当时；D.though虽然。根据上文“Children'sHospitalismyfavoriteplace"以及下文“shaketheirlittlehandsandtrytogivelittletoysaway"可推知，此处是在解释Albert喜欢儿童医院的原因。故选A项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童医院是我最喜欢的地方，因为我可以看到很多孩子，握着他们的小手，试着送给他们小玩具，做诸如此类的事情。A.graduates毕业生；B.experts专家；C.kids小孩；D.elders年长者。根据上文“Children'sHospitalismyfavoriteplace"可推知，此处指Albert在儿童医院可以看到很多孩子。故选C项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过讲述他的故事，我们希望鼓励世界上更多的人去做好